Now take Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower" for analysis.
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
First, the overall perception, grasp the tone
Reading poetry for the first time and grasping the emotional tone as a whole can make the understanding of poetry commanding. This comprehensive scanning understanding is not only a reference to solve "contradictions", but also a compass to solve "contradictions", which can keep the direction of solution from deviating. When you first read this poem, you will know that it is a masterpiece of lyric upstairs. It can be seen from the narrative of "I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat" that this was written by him when he was lonely and wandering in the rivers and lakes in his later years. "But none of my relatives and friends have passed a word to me." Friends and relatives have no news at all, but they are all writing personal situations, lonely and desolate. "There are wars and mountains to the north of this wall", the mountain is Wan Li, and the world is still in a state of war and confusion, with turmoil and frequent wars. "How can I not cry by this railing?" I can't help feeling sorry for myself, worrying about my time, hurting my country and even crying to communicate. On the whole, it is not difficult to see that the emotional tone of this poem should be sadness, desolation and desolation.
Second, clarify contradictions and highlight problems.
But after reading the complete poem, I can't help wondering about the first two couplets. The first couplet, Yueyang Tower is high and Dongting Lake is wide. I've heard a long time ago. Today, I finally have the opportunity to board here. It seems to be a feeling of joy. For example, Ren Qiu thinks: "I have heard of it in the past, and I am happy to board it from the beginning." A detailed explanation of Du Fu's poems. Zhuan Xu, the vast Dongting Lake is the dividing line of Wu Chu. The sun, the moon and the stars are floating in the lake as a whole, and the artistic conception is broad and magnificent, which seems to conflict with the pathos of the whole poem. In this way, how can "happiness" and "strength" be coordinated with "loneliness" and "trouble" behind them?
Third, taste words, analyze sentence patterns and highlight hidden information.
Poetry pays attention to the careful use of words, tempering sentence patterns, grasping key words (especially some verbs and adverbs), deducing the combination relationship between words, and deducing the characteristics of sentence patterns and the relationship between sentences, which can help us analyze and understand the implied information in detail and find out the meaning consistent with the whole poem. Adverbials of "past" and "present" can reveal the author's mood. Judging from the following text, "today" should be a time when a person is old and sick, and it should be a time when a country is in trouble and the situation is turbulent. "Yesterday" should be the past, the past. When was that? According to the relationship between sentences, two sentences are connected and correspond closely. It can be inferred from this that "yesterday" should be the time when you are young and strong and want to express your gratitude to the country. It is the time when the poet is full of ambition, "being a gentleman first, then being simple in folk customs". Taste these two words, and then compare the relationship between the sentences. It can be seen that the poet heard about the magnificence of Dongting Lake with strong feelings in his early years. He wanted to come here so much, but only now did he have the opportunity to realize his long-cherished wish in his later years in this country. Yesterday's News and Today's Story contain many feelings such as wandering around the world, lack of talent, vicissitudes of life, strong spirit and so on. The poet's heart is endless sadness. How can he be "happy for the first time"?
Fourth, combine writing skills to iron out the meaning of poetry and prose.
Poetry pays attention to borrowing scenery to express feelings, blending scenes, and often uses techniques such as comparison, contrast, irony and symbol. With the help of these writing skills, we can read the hidden meaning under the surface, so as to understand poetry correctly and profoundly. For example, The Book of Songs Picking Wei, I have been there, and there is another village with a bright future, which compares the sadness of the soldiers who went to war with the beauty of spring. Xin Qiji's Xi Jiang Yue Ji Xing, the first part: "If you are drunk and greedy, you have no time to worry about it. I have recently started to touch ancient books, and I believe there is nothing. " The conclusion of the poet's reading seems to be that all the words in the ancient books are not credible, and the ancient sages and sages have been scolded. But in a word, we can know that poets seek pleasure through drunkenness, and relieve their inner anguish and sadness through laughter after drunkenness. Understanding should be subordinate to the whole. Therefore, it can be seen that the so-called "nothing" is an angry language, a satire, a poet's deliberate excessive speech to vent his dissatisfaction with reality, and a satire after drunkenness. Du Fu's poems are lyrical, and the scenery in front serves the lyrical feelings in the back. Emotion is born of scenery and depends on it. Theoretically, the two poems should be harmonious and unified, so the first two couplets should be in harmony with loneliness and trouble. In writing, the first couplet is written by contrast. Connecting with the background of the times and the author's experience, we can see that this contrast can only be understood as expressing the poet's inner sorrow. Zhuan Xu wrote the vast giant image of Dongting Lake with his peculiar imagination of "rigidity" and "floating". This grandeur can not be understood as the poet's impassioned feelings, nor can it be understood that the emotional tone of poetry has become high-spirited. It should be written in contrast here. Lonely, old, weak, sick and disabled are constantly wandering between boundless heaven and earth, wandering in succession on the vast rivers and lakes. This broadness and grandeur embodies the poet's endless sadness.
Fifth, comb the structure, and finally.
Although the structure of poetry has made a great leap, most of them are arranged according to the idea of "connecting the preceding with the following". It is a common form of structural arrangement in ancient poetry, which is associated with things and people, things and feelings, scenery and feelings or one to another, and then comes down to the unity of people, things, scenery, things and feelings. In this poem, the lyricism of Lenovo embodies "loneliness" and "worry", so the narrative and scenery of the first two sentences should also be consistent with it. The plain narration of the first couplet contains a lot of sadness, and the magnificent images of rivers and lakes in the couplet are inherited from the first couplet and are also subordinate to the tone of the whole poem. Therefore, the grandeur of couplets can only be understood as a contrast with the poet's wandering loneliness.