In the vast history of poetry and lyrics, Liu Yuxi has gained the reputation of a "poetry hero" because of his calm and dignified poems, natural style and rough meter. This "hero" does not only refer to the "hero" of poetry. , and more of a compliment to Liu Yuxi’s “hero”!
Liu Yuxi was born in a family of scholars for generations. He had a resolute personality and an optimistic life. Even during the years of exile when he was still surrounded by worries, he never despaired. He had the soul of a fighter, and he was separated by a thousand and two years. More than a hundred years of time and space still amaze us.
Since ancient times, there has been no clear distinction between literati and politicians, but Liu Yuxi, who has been gifted since childhood, has more of a "feeling for family and country." Most of his poems criticize current affairs without losing his fairy spirit. He was deeply loved by the general public. In the 9th year of Zhenyuan (793), he and Liu Zongyuan were ranked Jinshi. Perhaps because he was too arrogant and uninhibited, he offended the powerful officials of the dynasty, so he stayed at home until the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805). ) In the first month of the year, Shunzong came to the throne. This talented and indulgent literary giant really started his political career, initiated the historically famous "Yongzhen" reform, and became the core figure of the reform movement, but it also took a bumpy road. The difficult road of life... Although the reform failed, many suggestions that pointed out the current shortcomings played a role in promoting the development of the Tang Dynasty, and Liu Yuxi played an indispensable role.
In fact, no one, whether they are literati or politicians, can escape the circle of the times, and the same is true for Liu Yuxi. This heroic "prick head" went from "where the peach-growing Taoist priest returned to where Liu Lang returned from his former life." "Come" makes people feel some kind of sad dejection and proud loneliness of his "feeling nostalgic for the past" but "not sad for the spring and autumn". He has been writing poetry all his life, and he has been degrading it, writing, degrading it again, amnestying it, and writing again, but he has never lost himself. Does this persistence and persistence make us reflect on ourselves today?
After the failure of the reform activities, Liu Yuxi was demoted from the supervisory censor to the Lianzhou governor, and then to the Langzhou Sima (supervisory censor: equivalent to the current prosecutor of the Supreme Procuratorate. The governor: is a The top leader of the state is equivalent to the current position of mayor. In the Tang Dynasty, the official position of Sima was to assist the local governor, but it was more of a false name and had no authority.) The residence was reduced to just a place. Next he got a bed and a table. In this case, he wrote the famous poem "Inscription on the Humble Room":
The mountains are not high, but the immortals are famous. Water does not have to be deep. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. Talk and laugh with ru, no contacts STOMATOLOGY. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: What is so shameful?
It is precisely this kind of noble and arrogant moral integrity that does not conform to the secular world that allows the Confucian scholars to talk freely, the incense of Buddhism and the sound of the piano... The leisure life is so beautiful that it makes people wonder whether it is a shabby house or a mansion? I'm afraid only such "heroic" people can feel this way. There were many literati with lofty ideals who were demoted in history, either drinking to drown their sorrows, having a good night in bed, or being depressed. But how many of them did Liu Yuxi have? From beginning to end, he brought full of positive energy!
1. He is optimistic where others are pessimistic
Since ancient times, "autumn" has always seemed to be covered with a layer of "sadness" in the eyes of literati, parting with melancholy and the rustling autumn wind. , miscanthus has become an eternal theme, but Liu Yuxi found a new way, showing an open-minded and optimistic attitude towards life and boldness! This is also the spiritual portrayal of his life. No matter what situation he is in, he faces life with a smile and is unyielding.
Autumn Ci
[Liu Yuxi, Tang Dynasty]
Since ancient times, autumn has been a sad and lonely time, and I say that autumn is better than spring.
A crane lining the clouds in the clear sky brings poetry to the blue sky.
2. The poetic style is natural and the meter is rough
Liu Yuxi’s poems are famous for their clearness and clarity. In addition, he was demoted to the south many times (at that time, the south was a place where folk songs were popular) , so Liu Yuxi often collects folk songs and learns their styles to create poems, such as the light folk song "Egret", which uses metaphors to describe his aloof feelings, and there are also some works that completely imitate folk songs, widely circulated love stories. The poem "Bamboo Branch Ci", the simple, natural, fresh and lovely "Walking on the Dike", "Ta Lyrics", "Lang Tao Sha Ci", "Xisei Mountain Nostalgia", etc., exude a strong flavor of folk song life. In particular, "Zhuzhi Ci" (Part 1) uses the characteristic of multiple homophones in Chinese to cleverly and implicitly express the confusion, anxiety and hope of a young girl.
One of Two Poems on Bamboo Branches
Tang Dynasty · Liu Yuxi
The willows are green and the Qingjiang River is level, and I hear the sound of people stepping on the Langjiang River.
The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. There is no sunshine but there is sunshine.
3. Feeling nostalgic about the past in time
Liu Yuxi has a bold personality and is good at writing satirical poems with political overtones. The famous line in his famous poem "Rewarding Tianle and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" "Thousands of sails passed by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees in front of the diseased trees." has become an eternal masterpiece. Once Liu Yuxi, Yuan Zhen, Wei Yingwu and Bai Juyi got together and agreed that each of the four would compose a nostalgic poem about Jinling. When I read Liu Yuxi's "Nostalgia of the Western Mountains":
When Wang Jun sailed down the boat to Yizhou, the king of Jinling lost his spirit sadly. Qianxun's iron chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone.
Several times in this life, the past has been forgotten, but Yamagata is still pillowed in the cold current. Today is the day when the world is home, so the forts are rustling and the reeds are blooming in autumn. Bai Juyi exclaimed: "Four people explored Longli, Liu has obtained the dragon pearl. The rest are all dragon scales and claws, what's the use?" Liu Shi came out on top!
Liu Yuxi used materialistic ideas to view the rise and fall of history and the iteration of things. His poems were sharp and philosophical, leaving many emotions. This can also be seen in "Stone City".
Five Titles of Jinling·Stone City
[Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty]
The motherland is surrounded by mountains, and the empty city is lonely in the tide.
The old moon on the east side of Huai River, I still come across the female wall late at night.
4. Poems, poems, and essays
Liu Yuxi’s landscape poems reveal an open scene that is half virtual and half real, showing the poet’s broad-minded and majestic style, such as “Underwater The clouds in the distant mountains are like snow, and the grass on the flat shore beside the bridge is like smoke" ("The Fable Play of Wagyu Xianggong after a drunken trip to Nanzhuang, presented to Lotte and Jianshi"), "The wild grass is fragrant on the red brocade ground, and the gossamer is dazzling the blue sky" ("Spring Book") Dongluo Bai twenty-two Yang eighty-two concubines"). Another example is "Looking at Dongting". In the author's writing, Dongting Lake and Junshan Mountain have become an exquisite treasure of arts and crafts, which also reflects the poet's magnificent and extraordinary ideological magnanimity.
Looking at the Dongting
[Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty]
The lake and the moon are harmonious, and there is no windshield on the lake surface that has not been polished.
Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting in the distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
In addition to poetry, Liu Yuxi’s poetry and fu creations should not be underestimated. In his book "History of Fu", Ma Jigao evaluated the writers of poetry and fu in the Mid-Tang Dynasty, ranking Liu Zongyuan first, followed by Han Yu and Liu Yuxi. In fact, Liu Yuxi himself was quite confident in the level of his writing. In his "Autobiography of Zi Liuzi", he said: "Heaven and the director will not let you use it." The "director" here refers to I am good at writing, and of course this "writing" also includes poetry. Among Liu Yuxi's eleven poems and poems, "Autumn Sound Fu" is the most highly praised by later generations. Since most of Liu Yuxi's poems and poems were written during the period when he was demoted, the lack of appreciation for talents has become an important theme in his poems and poems. Resentment is his main emotional sustenance. At the same time, the Confucian thought of benefiting the world is also throughout. In addition, in addition to works that reflect the sorrow of being relegated, his poems also include "Pingping Fu" written for the imperial examination, "Shanyang City Fu" that nostalgic for the past and the present, "Sad Past Fu" that mourns the death, and "Shang Ping Fu" that describes scenery and customs. "Chu Wang Fu". As an important litterateur and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi had high achievements in poetry, so Liu Yuxi's poetry creation must be influenced by his poetry creation. Many of the scenes and emotional contents described in his poems also appear in his poems.
Here is a special note: Liu Yuxi’s articles have the greatest achievement in exposition. In today's terms, it means having certain materialist ideas.
5. The wandering ambitions in his later years are better than Jin Jian
If Liu Yuxi is a literati poet in the field of literature, then he is also a lowly guest or victim in the political arena. In the first year of Yamato , Liu Yuxi was appointed Shangshu of the Eastern Capital. (Shang Shu: Responsible for the work of the six departments of officials, households, etiquette, military, punishment, and work). The following year, he returned to the court and served as the chief guest doctor (Lang Zhong: in charge of the reception of ethnic minorities and foreign guests), and wrote "Revisiting Xuandu Guanquatrains", which is also It was this poem that Liu Yuxi might have posted to his "moments", which aroused the emperor's dissatisfaction. He slapped the table and said: "Demoted! Demoted again! Demoted further!" He was demoted until he was the guest of the crown prince, secretary and supervisor of the branch in Dongdu. of sinecure. Liu Yuxi, who has entered his later years, has not changed his "axis" and is strong and optimistic. He has written many philosophical papers, the most important of which are the three "Tian Lun" that echo Liu Zongyuan's "Tian Shuo". Including outings with great writers Bai Juyi, Pei Du, Wei Zhuang, etc. to compose poems, leaving behind excellent works such as "Ruluo Collection". He died of illness in Luoyang in the second year of Huichang (842) at the age of seventy-one. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Minister of Household Affairs and was buried in Xingyang, Henan. (Today's Xingyang, Zhengzhou)
6. The sincere friendship that can be seen from the sun and the moon is moving
The cheerful and open-minded Liu Yuxi filled the poetry of life and fighting spirit with his strong will, and was repeatedly attacked. But always remain unyielding and face life with a smile. He and Liu Zongyuan's heartfelt correspondence left the world so touched and remembered... Even today, a thousand years later, this "deep friendship" can still be learned from the sun and the moon!
When Liu Yuxi was demoted again because of "Playing for Gentlemen Who Watch Flowers", his family had an eighty-year-old mother. At this time, Liu Zongyuan was also demoted not long ago, and he wrote to the court "Yibao Yiliu" to avoid being dismissed Liu Yuxi's old mother suffered from the long journey and long journey, but Liu Zongyuan's personality was of the depressive type. After the blow, she became depressed and unhappy, and suffered from illness and died in a foreign country. Liu Yuxi was shocked to hear that "it was like a mad disease", and then came to the Liu family to take care of the funeral, and wrote sadly "The Heavy Injury to Liu Yicao in Hengyang" expresses his grief and brings his best friend's young son back to his side to raise him carefully and bring him up to adulthood.
The official career is full of twists and turns, but friendship is warm. The friendship between gentlemen "Liu Liu" and "Liu Liu" proves that true friendship is: mutual support and mutual strength when the spring breeze is triumphant; never leaving when the world is falling. ,Life and death.
Finally, I would like to add the following sentence: Liu Yuxi, also known as Mengde, was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty and a native of Luoyang, Henan. Therefore, I am proud to be a native of Henan! (Special thanks to the literature, personal opinions can be ignored~~)
2017. A tribute to the 68th birthday of the great motherland