Biography
Sadura is said to be the transliteration of the Chinese language Sa'dal-Allāh, which means "the blessing of ***", and its word "Tianxi" "I agree. No. Zhizhai, from ***. My grandfather Si Lan Bu Hua and my father Aluch once guarded Yun and Dai. Sadura was born in Yanmen, Daizhou (now northwest of Dai County, Shanxi).
One theory is that he was born in Zhenjiang (now Jiangsu). In his early years, his family was poor, but his talents were outstanding. In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), he became a Jinshi. In July of the first year of Tianli (1328), he served as a general official and was appointed as the Secretary of Zhenjiang Road. During his tenure, he mostly focused on Feng Jiao. Be diligent and self-motivated. In July of the second year of Zhishun (1331), he was transferred to the post of Tai Fushi, the censor of Jiangnan, for three years. During his tenure, he traveled as far as Wu Chu in the south, Jingchu in the west, and Youyan, Shangdu and other places in the north. He sang poems and essays with Zhang Yu, Ni Zan, Ma Jiugao and others, and wrote "Man Jiang Hong·Jinling Nostalgic", "Nian Nu Jiao" ·Climb the Stone City", "Climb the Beigu City Tower", "The Ballad of the Winding Girl" and other famous works.
In August of the second year of Yuan Tong (1334), he was transferred to Zhaomo, Yannansu Government Integrity Bureau (Zhending, now Zhengding, Hebei). He was transferred again early the next year. As a ceremonial officer, he accompanied Bachelor Jixian to worship Tuo Lei in Zhending's shadow hall. He also went to Hejian and Cangzhou to inspect the prison. Later, in the spring of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1336), he traveled south to Fujian and took office as the governor of the Minhai Fujian Daosu Government Integrity Bureau (governing Fuzhou). He passed through Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Pingjiang, Hangzhou, Tonglu, Lanxi, Xianxialing, Chongqing, etc. Poems have been left in An, Jianxi and other scenic spots.
In August of the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1337), he moved to Yannan and Hebei Province to work in the Suzheng Lianfang Bureau. He was promoted to the seventh rank and took office in the winter of that year. So far, he has composed more than 400 poems in his life. Perhaps he died early due to frailty. Regarding Sadura's later years, there are some theories that he lived in seclusion in the martial arts world (Hangzhou), focusing on the mountains and rivers without knowing where he ended up. There are also theories that he served as Fang Guozhen's staff and ended up at the foot of Sikong Mountain and Taibai Mountain in Taihu Lake. Sadura claimed that his "name is in Confucianism" and was deeply influenced by Confucianism. He was an upright and honest official, and his official performance was commendable. He was fond of traveling by nature and was good at writing regular script. His main achievements were in poetry creation. Due to his low official position, the Yuan people ranked him alongside Guan Yunshi, Ma Zuchang, Yu Que, etc. However, later generations highly praised him and ranked him as the top poet of the Yuan generation. Because he traveled north and south as an official, he kept in mind the scenic spots and customs of thousands of miles away. He also used the temperament of a northerner to incorporate the strengths of each family in the previous generation without copying his predecessors. The poems are all prepared in various styles, with strong words and sonorous rhythm, and a clear and clear atmosphere. Poems include "Yanmen Collection" (three, six, eight and twenty volumes), "Sa Tianxi's Poetry Collection" in ten volumes, "Poems Outside the Collection" in one volume (engraved by Mao Jin), "Sa Tianxi's Poems" "Yi Shi" (Japanese edition) and "Ten Scenery Poems of the West Lake". Literary Creation
Sadura left us nearly 800 poems in his lifetime, including landscape poems describing scenery, poems describing palace life, some nostalgic for the past and some sad for the present, recounting personal and social injustices. . He is a poet who occupies a certain position in the Yuan Dynasty and even in the entire history of Chinese literature. Because he was born in Daizhou, which was called Yanmen in ancient times, his collection of poems was also named "Yanmen Collection", and he himself was called "Yanmen Talented Scholar". "Yanmen Collection" was first published in eight volumes from the Yuan Dynasty to the Zhizheng Period. It has been lost today. The existing version is the fourteen-volume edition published by Salong in the twelfth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. It is a relatively complete collection and was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 1982. Published "Yanmen Collection" edited by Yin Menglun and Zhu Guangqi. Sadura also wrote an article called "Preface to the Collection of Wuyi Poems", as well as paintings such as "Yanling Diaoyutai" and "Plum Blossom", which are now collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Sadura was erudite, capable of writing, and good at regular script. His literary creation is mainly poetry. The contents of the poems are mainly about traveling in mountains and rivers, retreating to seclusion for leisure, admiring immortals and worshiping Buddha, and responding to social invitations. The ideological value is not high. In poems such as "Send Marshal Guan to the Southern Expedition" and "Send Liu Zhaomo to Guilin", he even supported the rulers in suppressing the revolting people. But some poems involve the dark reality of Yuan Dynasty society and reflect the class oppression at that time. For example, "Datong Station", "Moonlight Night on the Yellow River", "Ballad of the Winding Girl", "Picture of the Weaver Girl", etc., reflect the miserable life of the working people. Wugu's "Early Fate on the Yellow River" describes, on the one hand, the farmer's "smoke from cooking fires in thatched huts, and the autumn rice on the hills. He has not yet tried new things, and government rents are urgently solicited. The two rivers are level with embankments, and thieves worry about them at night." On the other hand, he describes The aristocratic son "fighting cocks in five squares of the city and singing loudly in the highest building" reveals the class contradictions in Yuan Dynasty society with a strong contrasting technique. Some poems boldly satirized the corruption and evil of the ruling class, pointing not only at county magistrates, princes, nobles, and relatives, but also at the supreme ruler. The poem "Records" uses the line "I only knew that the jade seal was handed down three times, but my wandering soul was separated by nine levels. The emperor Wu in the sky also shed tears, and flesh and blood can meet in the world" to expose the Yuanwu Zong's second son Tutemu'er's usurpation of his brother's throne. This incident is not recorded in the official history and is called "the history of poetry". Some poems express the political thoughts of serving the people and working hard to govern, such as the poems "Send to the Yin of Zhu County" and "Send to the Prisoner of Guangxin". "Zhang Zishan of Hunan, the first person to be appointed to impeach the powerful, moved to the left to be the censor of Xitai, worshiped his former position, and always wanted to quit, so he persuaded him with his actions", "Old Sword", "Chen Mirror" and other poems, I hope officials will cherish them People expresses the author's desire to serve the country with the world as his own responsibility. Poems such as "Crossing Juyongguan" and "Painting a Horse" aimed at the Yuan Dynasty rulers' aggressive militarism and expressed the anti-war thought of "men tilling the fields and women weaving, the world will be peaceful, and there will be no war for eternity."
These works are the essence of Sadura's poetry.
There are very few poems written by Sadura before he passed the Jinshi examination. There is a poem "Recounting Memories" that says: "Youth is carrying me away, and the yellow leaves are ruthlessly flying." This roughly reflects this period of his life. mood. He has been to Zhenjiang and traced the Yangtze River up to Hanyang. The poem "Nine Days in the Guest House" says: "We meet during the festive season to do distant business." It seems that he left his hometown to do business, but he was not keen on doing business. He paid special attention to It is a scenic spot of mountains and rivers. He wrote such lyrical poems as "Climbing Beigu Tower with Cao Keming on Qingming Day" and "Visiting Helin Temple on Qingming Day". The scenery is more attractive to him than goods and money. He does not want to spend his life chasing money and profit. In his poem "An Fen" he said: "Pursue peace and happiness and think less about money. It is natural to have no humiliation or honor. In the spring, I just drink wine while admiring the flowers. In winter, I am walking on the snow. The chess game waxes and wanes day after day, and the fragrance of swallows scents the seal script. Fine smoke. Everything is arranged by heaven, so why worry about inadequate clothing and salary? "The poet Sadura is an optimist. In good times and bad, he remained calm and composed. His attitude and outlook on life affected his poetry creation. Most of his poems reveal his optimistic sentiments of loving life. The first time he entered the officialdom was in Zhenjiang, which he had visited for business. As before, he wandered around the scenic spots, climbed Beigu Tower, visited Helin Temple, visited monks and Taoists, drank wine and wrote poems. He hated the life of a layman. , but to be a poet. He left a large number of landscape poems in his life. One of his poems "Visiting the Mountain Temple with Yang Lian" said: "Healing the sick is strong and synchronized, and looking for quiet and interesting things is not a group. When I meet a monk walking through the bamboo, I can hear it through the forest playing the flute. The mountains are covered with floating clouds, and the streams and wild water are moist. I wander back to the path late at night. "The shadows of the trees and the moon are numerous." "Looking for quiet and interesting things" shows that he enjoys enjoying the mountains and rivers. According to Xu Xiangmei's "Records of Famous Virtues in Two Zhejiang Provinces", when he lived in Hangzhou in his later years, "Every sunny day was beautiful, and he would carry a stick on his shoulder and a ladle hanging on his shoulder. He would walk between the two mountains without borrowing a pair of pedals. There were no human traces in the deep rocks and ravines. There are endless secluded places where you can sit on a mat and wander all day long, and when you feel like it, you can write poems." Compared with Xie Lingyun, the founder of landscape poetry, he loves landscapes even more. No wonder he depicts the mountains and rivers so realistically.
Sadura spent most of his life in the south of the Yangtze River. In the beautiful environment, he followed the example of mountains and rivers and wrote many pleasing poems. However, he served twice as an official in the Hanlin Academy of National History, and gained a little knowledge in the palace. At that time, he was also famous for being good at writing Gongci and Liqing Yuefu. His friend Yang Weizhen said in his "Preface to Bamboo Branch Poems": "Tianxi's poems are graceful and elegant, and he is a model of the family of this dynasty. His palace poems and "Furong Song" are not better than those of Wang Jian and Zhang Ji." Another friend Yu Ji also said Said: "Jinshi Sa Tianxi is the best at emotion, elegant and graceful, and all authors love him." It can be seen that he is also a lyric poet. Such as his "Hibiscus Song":
The Qiujiang River is dim and fragrant with hibiscus, and the daughter of Qiujiang will have her heart broken. The crimson robe protects the warm clouds in spring, and the green sleeves welcome the cool breeze at dusk.
Carp blowing in the waves make the waves white, frost falls in the cave and leaves fly. Where are the lotus collectors who go boating, cherishing the beautiful color of hibiscus.
Elegant and elegant, the image is condensed. It seems ruthless but affectionate, thoughtful but not resentful. It contains the author's mood of wandering around the world without finding his talent. It is deeply inspired by the writing style of Li He and Li Yishan of the Tang Dynasty, and the elegance and clearness of his words. "The carp blows in the waves, and the waves in the river are white, and the frost falls in the cave and leaves fly away." It is implicit but not revealing, and has a lyrical flavor of wandering in life and admiring one's beauty alone. Others such as "Passing Through Jiaxing", "Come Combing Hair", "New Summer Song", "Bridal Chamber Song", etc. all have the same or similar mood. Likewise, the style of his palace poems is also the same. "Zui Qi" says: The moon fills the bed in the willow tower, and the brocade screen and embroidered mattresses are fragrant at night. I don’t know how much spring there is outside, but I have moved the lamp to illuminate the begonias. What is described here is just the emptiness of the women's life in the palace, and the everlasting hatred is reflected in the scenery. Generally speaking, the palace is heaven for the emperor, but hell for the maids. The subject matter of palace life is very narrow. If you cannot identify heaven and hell, the description will not be profound.
Fortunately, the focus of Sadura's writing was not limited to the palace. When his eyes moved to the vast land of the motherland, he discovered that the society at that time was a paradise for the rich and a hell for the poor. For example, in his "Spring Evening in the Capital", the poem says: In March, willow flowers are flying in the capital, and Yan Ji has a white horse and a little red carriage. The flags are warm in the general's house, and the spring strings are deep in the prime minister's house. The whitebait in the small sea blows white waves, and the pearl wine on the upper floor blooms with red clouds. Du Ling's guest, Jian Donkey, has broken his hat, and the sun has not yet set when he returns from offering his gifts. The "stringed pipe", "floor" and "jian donkey broken hat" are reflected in each other. Social injustice and personal injustice do not need to be stated clearly, but the intention is very clear. As for his "Ballad of the Winding Girl", "Crossing the Juyong Pass", "Conquering Women's Resentment", "Gaoyou Blocking the Wind", "Picture of the Weaver Girl", "Song of a Hundred Birds", "Early Departure from the Yellow River", "Crossing Huaiyin", etc. , describes social life, has a wide range of themes, and deserves more attention. "The Ballad of the Vandering Girl" writes: On the way, the Vending Girl is abandoned like dirt, and the sky is bleak and sad... People praise the beauty of the gold and jade, but today I am hungry and cry for a long distance. Weeping and weeping all the way down the Yellow River, how do you look on the county magistrate? The prefect of the county in golden belt and purple clothes is drunk and full and does not care about the people's food difficulties. Rumor has it that Guan and Shaanxi are particularly worrisome, as drought and famine are not limited to Southeast Prefecture. The dead fish spit foam and the wild geese cry, when will they stop moaning for food? Faced with this phenomenon, the author criticized "the prefect of the county wearing a golden belt and purple clothes, who is drunk and full and does not care about the people's food difficulties" and scolded "the county magistrate is so handsome." This is a cry for justice. Sadura couldn't stand this kind of injustice, so he hoped that "the big handle will always be in hand, covering everything from east to west, north and south" ("Umbrella"). I hope to get the power to save all the people in the world who are struggling in poverty. But at that time, his wish could not be realized. Sadura's nostalgic works are also quite distinctive.
For example, his "Man Jiang Hong" (formerly mistakenly called Nian Nujiao). "Jinling Nostalgia" is particularly popular:
Six generations have been prosperous, but the spring scenery has gone, and there is no news. Looking at the mountains and rivers in empty space is no longer the past. The new swallows in front of Wang Xietang are familiar to each other at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. Listening to the deep night, loneliness hits the empty city, and the spring tide is urgent. Thinking about the past makes me sad. Nostalgic for the homeland, empty traces. But the smoke is barren and the grass is fading, and the crows are in chaos and the sun is red. The jade trees are singing, the autumn dew is cold, and the rouge wells are broken and weeping in the cold. Up to now, only Jiang Shanqing and Qin Huaibi are the only ones.
This poem was written in the third or fourth year of Zhishun, when he was serving as the censor of various Taoist travels in the south of the Yangtze River. The metabolism of human affairs, from ancient times to the present, is desolate and heroic, full of emotions. But the green mountains will always be there, the green waters will last forever, and a new generation will turn Jinling into a gathering place for talents. Reminiscing about the past is why we think about the present. Sadura's works often express an open-minded and open-minded mind. He traveled between the north and the south throughout his life and had a lot of knowledge about people's customs and customs, which gave some of his poems a strong sense of life and strong appeal. For example, "Huaian Daozhong in Early Summer" says: Fish and shrimp are just coming out of the net, and plums and apricots are already green on the branches. The trees are full of tender trees, the spring rain has stopped, and travelers are passing through the Huaihe River in April. "The fish and shrimp are splashing", "The plums and apricots are green", it is sunny at the beginning of summer, with the word "young", all business is good. It gives people a sense of open-mindedness, optimism, freshness and comfort. The vivid images bring readers into a new realm with a rustic flavor.
In terms of poetry techniques, Sadura inherited some of the techniques of Tang and Song poetry, and has its own characteristics:
① Intercept ordinary fragments of life and create long-lasting charm. artistic conception. For example, the famous "Autumn Poems" and "The Beginning of Spring in the Capital" can bring out specific situations and form interesting "poetry and paintings".
②In-depth, concise and concise. For example, "In a century-old poem, among the wine glasses of the Three Kingdoms", "The scenery of the ages is white at the temples, and the mountains of the Six Dynasties are green", etc. The words are concise and comprehensive, giving readers ample room for imagination.
③Good at creation and vivid image. Sentences such as "Yunsun brought out the Nanji to winnow, Yue Jie came to the Big Dipper to measure", "A mountain rises like a dragon into the clouds, and a mountain turns into the flow of the Yangtze River" and other sentences, turning silence into movement, turning inanimate life into life, making The image is novel and flowing.
④ I also use the "synaesthesia" technique to connect visual images, auditory images, olfactory images, etc. and compare them with each other. For example, "The sound of the city sounds like the sea is covered with red mist, and the flowers bloom and the sky turns into colorful clouds." Selected Works Poems
Palace Ci
Late at night the palace carriage came out to build the seal, and the purple-clad team came out with two or three lines. Silver stirrups pass by the stone fence, and you can see the frost on the hibiscus leaves.
Dusk falls in Fujian City
There is no snow in Lingnan in the early spring, and flowers are sold on the streets in the twelfth lunar month. New Year's Eve is approaching for people in Haiguo, and the city is full of camellias wet with light rain.
Mrs. Stone
Dangerous and independent facing the riverside, with no one around and no water as a neighbor. The green temples have been lazily combed into a bun for thousands of years, but the beauty will not change for thousands of years.
The snow is turned into greasy powder and spreads by the wind, and the dew turns into rouge and evens out every day. There is no precious mirror in front of Mo Dao's face, and a bright moon shines on his wife.
Umbrella
Open like a wheel, close like a bundle, cut paper and mix with ointment to protect the autumn bamboo; The lotus leaves shadow the pavilion in the sun, and the banana trees rustle in the rain.
It is sunny but cloudy and sunny, and the two heavens are clear. But the big handle is always in hand, covering everything from east to west, north and south.
Send someone to live in Longxiang Temple with a smile
No one knows the hermit in the south of the Yangtze River, but his fame spreads nine times in one day. The ground is wet and I hate watching the rain in Tianzhu. When the moon is bright, I listen to the Jingyang bell.
The fragrant clothes keep the spring musk deer warm, and the clouds in the stone bowl are cold and the dragon sleeps at night. On what day will the Prime Minister accompany me with my stick? I will pick hibiscus on the river in the autumn wind.
Song of Yan Ji
The daughter of Yan Jing is sixteen or seventeen years old, her face is like flowers and her eyes are as red as lacquer. The fragrance of orchids fills the road, and the horse dust flies, and the green armband whip is dripping with beauty.
The spring breeze is swaying the spring heart, and the brocade zither and silver candle are high and deep. The embroidered quilt is not warm, the brocade mandarin duck dream, the purple curtain hangs down and the foggy sky sinks.
Who cherishes the passing of the fragrant years? Like water, spring sleepy people are tired of washing up. At night, the light rain moistens the street, and the courtyard is full of poplar flowers.
Passing Jiaxing
Three mountains and a sea of ??clouds for thousands of miles, ten cattail sails hanging smoke and water. A passer-by in Wuzhong misses home, and the paintings of boats in Jiangnan look like houses.
The reed buds are short and cut through the blue sand, and the carp on the bow are blowing the waves. Wu Ji is rowing into the city, the drizzle is slightly cold and the green gauze is growing.
No one can continue my song in the water. The cold moon on the river blows the purple bamboo. The spring breeze sings the song of a partridge, and the flowers fall and the orioles sing all over the green city.
The Ballad of the Concubine
When the concubine is abandoned like dirt, a gloomy and sad wind rises in the sky. Wild foxes can be seen in the deserted village in the morning, and ghosts howling in the dilapidated houses at dusk.
People praise the color of the golden wall, but today they cry for a long time due to hunger. Weeping and weeping all over the Yellow River, the county magistrate He Eryan.
The prefect of the county with a gold belt and purple clothes, drunk and full, does not care about the people's food difficulties. Rumor has it that Guan and Shaanxi are particularly worrisome, as drought and famine are not limited to Southeast Prefecture.
The dead fish spit foam and the wild geese cry, moaning for food. When will they stop?
Five poems about going to Beijing
There are piles of mountain sand in Daye, and there are towers everywhere with white sand. Pedestrians avoid the fragrant grass in the forbidden area and head towards the winding road.
Wine for worshiping the Tianma is sprinkled on the plains, and the grass is fragrant when the wind blows from the sand. White horses like clouds are heading northwest, purple camels and silver urns are given to the kings.
The cows and sheep are scattered under the setting sun, and the wild grass is fragrant and sweet. The wind and sand are like snow on the first day of the new year, and every family has felt curtains under their tents.
Zi Saifeng has a strong bow, and the king and grandson are hunting on the battlefield.
Calling the eagle's waist, the arrow came back late, and immediately there were two white wolves hanging upside down.
The cold hits the purple sweater at the fifth watch, and I wake up from the east window and still enjoy the wine. The sun is not clear outside, and the city is filled with wet fog like Jiangnan.
Listening to the flute on an autumn night
Who is playing the flute? Outside the autumn wind, the moonlight is cold in front of Beigu Mountain.
There are also guests from the south of the Yangtze River who have not returned and wander around all night leaning against the railings. Lyrics
Hundred-Character Order · Climb the Stone City
On the Stone City, looking at the low sky and Wu Chu, there is nothing in my eyes. Pointing out the six dynasty-shaped resorts, only the green mountains are like walls.
The sun is blocked by flags, clouds and oars, and the bones are as white as snow. From north to south of the Yangtze River, how many heroes are wasting away.
Lonely in the summer palace, the east wind drives the chariot road, and the grass grows every year. In the uninhabited pine path at sunset, ghost fires rise and fall.
In front of the singing and dancing bottles, in the prosperous dream, green hair secretly changes. Sad for all eternity, Qinhuai is a bright moon.
Magnolia Slow·Xuzhou Nostalgia (also known as Pengcheng Nostalgia)
Xuzhou in ancient times was victorious, but there were only a few heroes. Think of the iron armor with heavy eyes, the sweat and blood of birds, and the empty jade tent.
Chu Ge’s eight thousand soldiers dispersed, but Menghun was expected to be unable to reach Jiangdong. The Yellow River is like a belt in the sky, and the chaotic mountains are turning into clouds and dragons.
The autumn wind blows from the Han Dynasty Mausoleum, and grains of millet fill Guanzhong. The horse stage is deserted, the thrushes are far away, and the swallow tower is empty.
A hundred years of life is like mail, and you can drink a thousand minutes in one drink. Looking back at the deserted city and the setting sun, I lean on the column to see off the flying dragon.
Number of sets
Nanlu Yizhihua
*** Cuju
The red face is set against the clouds, and the jade hairpin is spread across the swallow. The moon's curved eyebrows are covered with green, and the clouds and temples are piled with cicadas. The beautiful Chanjuan, after all, she just sang and danced in front of the flower banquet, and studied to become Qi Yuntian
Xia Yuan. After eating and tea in front of the exhausted green window, I chose the flowers inside the whitewashed wall as the sun goes by.
Liangzhou Su Luo shirt with hanging colorful sleeves, low jade bamboo shoots, brocade stockings lined with black and boots with golden lotus. Occupy an official position and stand up, others will envy you. Like a plain girl flying from the Moon Palace, she is even a fairy blown away by the wind. The pomegranate skirt is fluttering with dew, and the fragrant dust is rolling with embroidered ribbons. The fan and crutches are not tilted when playing in conjunction, and the mandarin duck buckle is light and easy when kicking. For the general part, use a d-shirt to wipe the knees, for the handsome part, use the Buddhist sleeves to touch the clothes, and for the upturned part, use the shawl on the temples. Suddenly, he gasped with laughter.
The sleeves of the human world are slender and the waist is tired, the richer the charm, the softer it becomes. Luopa is fragrant, pink and sweaty, and the flowers are falling.
Epilogue If Tao fulfills his wish to cherish the jade and care for the fragrance in the bridal chamber, he will match the breeze and the bright moon in the Cui Pavilion for the banquet, and six pieces of fragrant skin will be used as marriage partners. Tea
Beside the shelf, in front of the Rose Cave, I will teach you how to be reunited in the end, not even half a step away.