The epigraph name is Nanxiangzi, which is the name of Tang Jiaofang. Originally monotonous, there are 27 characters, 28 characters and 3 crosses, and the rhyme is flat. The monotony began in Houshu Ouyang Jiong. Feng Yansi in the Southern Tang Dynasty began to be a double tone. Next, I introduced the notes and appreciation of Nanxiangzi for you. I hope you like it!
Original text:
Since the ancient imperial state, it has been lush and buoyant. It's been a dream for 4 years. It's sad, the garments of Jin are ancient dust.
swim around the water. Go to the top floor and go upstairs. Mo Wen, look back. Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
Note:
① Good spirit refers to a kind of spirit that produces emperors, which is a superstitious saying.
② The famous sentence in Li Bai's on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes: "the paths of Wu Palace are crooked with weeds, the garments of Jin are ancient dust." The juxtaposition of the Jin Dynasty and the Wu Palace clearly shows the yearning of later poets for the Jin Dynasty.
③ wanton: arbitrarily and freely.
④ more: again, again, more than once.
⑤ A famous sentence in Poems of Tengwang Pavilion written by Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo: "Where is the emperor in the pavilion now? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself."
Appreciation:
This poem was also written by Wang Anshi when he was a magistrate in Jiangning in his later years. While superficially expressing the feeling of prosperity in the past and decline in the present, he also implied his very complicated state of mind in his poems.
Jinling City has been a state of emperors since ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi wrote a poem "thoughts of old time at west fort mountain": "Wang Rui disembarked from Yizhou and the royal ghost has pined in the city of Nanjing. Chihiro's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river, and a stone fell out. " However, what Wang Anshi saw was very different from what Liu Yuxi saw. Here is a lush and flourishing place with a strong spirit. But that was in the Jin Dynasty. It has been 4 years. In the Jin Dynasty, white clothes beat snow and people dressed in clothes have become ancient tombs. When looking back, how can we look back? The last sentence borrows a famous sentence from Li Bai's on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes, expressing the same feelings of disappointment in the past. Placing one's ideals in the past times is a common way of writing in poetry, so as to show one's dissatisfaction with reality and at the same time make poetry have a "lofty" atmosphere.
The author swam around the river by himself, and then climbed the tall building. "Swimming around the water" is a way to dispel the sadness or injustice in my heart. Here, the author uses this typical action to express the boundless sadness in my heart. Fortunately, this kind of "swimming around the water" is not limited by anything outside, and you can "walk freely" and walk around at will. However, this is a kind of helpless freedom. What Wang Anshi pursues is to implement new laws and realize the desire of strengthening the people and enriching the country. Now, it can only be a "swim around the water", and the voice of lament is on paper. What the ancients described in their poems is often not the prosperity of "reaching for the best will help the world", but the adversity of "being poor will be immune to it", but in the end, their hearts are still tied by the desire of "reaching for the best". Therefore, when reading such poems, we should see that behind the author's superficial leisure, there is endless desolation and eager expectation. "Climbing to the next floor" contains the cultural code of "Climbing to the top with a long mind" and "Climbing to the top with sorrow" in ancient China. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties, when Wang Can wrote "Ode to the Building", this action was endowed with the feeling of missing the old country.
at heron lodge, written by Wang Zhihuan in the Tang Dynasty, interprets this typical action and scene from the philosophy of life. Here, does the author miss his old country (capital) or "but you widen your view three hundred miles"? Through the above superficial leisure and inner anxiety, we can see that what he misses is to return to his old country and rebuild his great career; Through the recollection of the past, we can know that the author's psychology at this time is to give up the idea of missing the old country, but to pay attention to the pursuit of the past and to think about the past in a cultural sense; We can also conclude that the author wants to "climb high and look far", and the "far" here is not in space, but in time, which shows the author's unique interest and unique embrace.
Chen Yinque, a master of Chinese studies, once said, "Poetry is not good if there is only one explanation." A really good poem can stimulate readers to think in many ways and even paradoxically, to combine with their own life experience, and to think about the choice of life and even the human situation while thinking about poetry. "Going upstairs" means not going up to the top of the building and then going up, but going up the building again and again. The past is long gone. Don't ask me what I'm thinking. When I look back, I can only see the Yangtze River outside the window, flowing eastward day and night. The conclusion is also a poem from the Tang Dynasty. The author of Wang Bo's "Poem of Tengwang Pavilion" has a special embrace here: it can be understood that history is ruthless, just like the water flowing eastward, and it has been moving forward. Perhaps everything that human beings have done is just a moment's stay in this water, which has no great significance; It can also be understood that no matter what happens to me at present, everything I do, like the Yangtze River, is an eternal existence; Or contact the previous sentence of the original poem of Tengwang Pavilion: "Where is the emperor in the pavilion now?" The rhetorical question asked today's emperor "where is it now" and expressed his desire to return to the court. But it seems that everything doesn't matter, just like the Yangtze River water, which keeps flowing and flowing.