The so-called image is the artistic image created by the objective object through the unique emotional activities of the creative subject. As far as classical poetry is concerned, the "scenery" written by the poet and the "things" sung by the poet are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image" Taking the image of poetry as a breakthrough, multi-dimensional interpretation is one of the keys to appreciate poetry. This paper intends to interpret some common images in classical poetry for reference.
1, fallen flower
Nature is the eternal cognitive object and aesthetic object of human beings. The forms of nature are rich and colorful, and human beings can capture beauty endlessly. Mountains, rivers and plants have temperament. Emotion meets these forms, so images are produced. There are countless excellent poems in the history of China. This paper only wants to capture one of them-poetry with the image of "falling flowers", and briefly talk about it.
Falling flowers is a natural phenomenon and law, but it is endowed with emotion and life in China's ancient poems. To sum up, the image of "falling flowers" has several meanings.
A. First, the fallen flowers are described as natural scenery, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception.
Flowers are flying all over the sky in Spring City (Han Yi's Cold Food) gives people the feeling that the spring breeze is warm and sunny, and all kinds of flowers are dancing in the wind, which is wonderful.
"But now I think of that night, that storm, and I don't know how many flowers were folded" (Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"). With the sound of the storm, flowers fell everywhere, and you can imagine the beauty of spring and the childlike interest of children.
B. first, in the face of falling flowers, sigh: sigh that time flies and the beautiful scenery is no longer there.
"Running water is lighter than spring, and heaven and earth are also." (Li Yu's "Langtaosha") This shows the hatred and helplessness of the country's demise.
"Flowers bloom and fall, flowing water gurgles, a kind of acacia, and two places are idle." (Li Qingzhao's "Pruning Plums") expresses deep depression and faint lovesickness.
"People who bury flowers today are stupid. Who did he know when he was buried? " This is Lin Daiyu's funeral speech in A Dream of Red Mansions. If the flowers have been buried, who will bury them? It means that a person's fate is not as good as falling flowers, which has exhausted the persistent sadness in his heart.
C, there is also the spirit of falling flowers that symbolizes high spirits.
Yu Yue, a candidate for "Flowers Fall in Spring", had a second interview in the Ritual Department during the Qing Dynasty. This poem begins with this sentence, which means hope is on earth.
"A vicious spring water surrounds the flower body, and enchanting flower shadows occupy the spring. If it is blown into snow by the east wind, it is better than being crushed into dust by Nanmo. " (Wang Anshi's "Apricot Flowers in the North") A reclusive poet would rather die in the struggle with the die-hards than compromise and go with the flow.
Step 2 live water
A, because water is soft and cold, it is often compared to moonlight, which is tangible but difficult to grasp.
Things.
"The day makes the night cool like water, sitting and watching the morning glory and weaving stars" (Autumn Evening by Du Mu), the poet's indifference in borrowing water reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times.
B, because the constant shearing of water coincides with endless sadness, poets often use water as a metaphor for sadness.
"Although the water is still flowing, the knife is chopped, and the wine is drowned, the sorrow is still there" (Li Bai's "Secretary of Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou"), which expresses the poet's strong feeling of the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
"How much sorrow can you have, like a river flowing eastward" (South Tang of Ten Countries, Yu Meiren by Li Yu). After experiencing the pain of national subjugation, the poet tasted the bitterness of life. He used "a river of spring water" to express his sadness and hatred, and let readers see that his worries are like spring water, and his grief and indignation are beyond words.
3. "Pound clothes" and "anvil sound"
A, caring about the warmth and coldness of family members and sewing clothes for the whole family is one of the main responsibilities of ancient women. In the repeated mechanical work of beating clothes, they have enough time to miss their relatives far away. The monotonous and long anvil sound helps to get rid of the troubles of the outside world and concentrate on it, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. It is for these reasons that the action of beating clothes and the related sound of cleaning the anvil have become the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry.
"The small kitchen tube is falling, and the clothes are shining on the bright moon at night." (Li Bai's "Dressing")
"If you are tired of smashing clothes, you will find that the wall is deep." (Du Fu's rags)
"In the shadow of Hong Fei, beyond the anvil, always go to the Jade Pass." (Song Yan Dao Ji's Youth Journey)
B, the state of dressing under the moon, the sound of the wind sending the anvil, not only reminds women of their own pain, but also easily touches the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images.
Du Fu's Autumn Flourishing expresses his yearning for his hometown in exile with the anvil sound of Baidicheng.
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia was gloomy.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears on another day, but she was alone in her hometown.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
C, classical poetry shows the image of the anvil beating, and also shapes this image. It not only infects and touches the homesick women and vagrants in the situation, but even ordinary poets often like to use this sound as the background music of their poems to express various complex emotions:
"The deep courtyard is quiet, the small courtyard is empty, the cold anvil is intermittent, and the wind is intermittent. But people can't sleep at night, and the sound of the moon reaches the curtain. " (The Prayer of Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Ten Kingdoms)
"The alleys in autumn are clean, the lights are white, and the hall is cool at night. No one will know about it, and the whole city will be drunk. " (Lin Jingxi's Nightmare)
4.goose
It is said that Hongyan can deliver books. Li Yu said in Qingpingle: "Wild geese come without evidence." In spring, geese fly from the south to the north. When the hero saw the geese flying south, he suddenly gave birth to a glimmer of hope. Maybe these geese will bring news from the south of the country. But after waiting for a long time, the geese flew by and there was no news, leaving only deeper disappointment.
In the ancient culture of China, the image of the wild goose is often extended to the corresponding images such as "array", "goose sequence" and "flying geese", emphasizing the significance of the group and * * * Qi Fei.
"Goose coming": refers to the geese coming in sequence. In the Book of Songs, when Zheng Fengshu went to the field, there was a poem "Two clothes on board, a wild goose flying together".
Preface to Wild Goose: Preface to Flying Goose. Du Fu's poem "Tianchi": "Autumn geese preface, Wan Li fish school" is even more used to describe brothers.
There is also "strict array": geese fly in formation. Jiao Yanshou's "Lin Yi Er Fu Wind" in Han Dynasty: "Nine geese are in formation, and the females are not alone." These poems all emphasize the relationship between geese and geese. The so-called "broken rainbow" is a lonely goose alone. Liu Yong's "Music of Movements" has such words: "Tears are condensed, and there is nothing to say.
5.azaleas
Also known as Du Yu, Zigui and Shu Bird, it is said that Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers, lived in seclusion in the mountains, and turned his soul into a cuckoo after his death.
A, because its voice is imitated by ordinary people as "it is better to go home" and its voice is miserable, the cuckoo in ancient poetry is often a symbol of desolation and sadness, and poets often use it to express homesickness and homesickness.
"When the flowers are gone, I heard that the dragon crossed the five streams" (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved the dragon to go"), and the poet expressed his feelings of parting in the bleak natural scenery through the scene before him.
"Xiangjiang River sounds sad at dusk, and people who kill pedestrians return to the ship" ("Jianzhou defected to He Jingzhao Gong")
B, it is said that when cuckoo crows, deep red blood will flow out of its mouth, so cuckoo crows are often used to express the desolation of the environment.
"Cuckoo's blood cries, ape's sobs" (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
"Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, and he doesn't believe in the east wind, so he can't call it back" (Wang Ling's farewell to spring)
"jathyapple, there is the melancholy sound of cuckoo again, worrying about the empty mountain" (Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu")
"In the residual photo of Wu Hua, a bird of Shu, I can't bear to see the residual wall" (Nian Nujiao by Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty)
C, it is also useful to compare loyalty with cuckoo crying blood.
"From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a crow with blood" (Wen Tianxiang's Jinling Post in the Southern Song Dynasty)
6. partridge
A, its cry is imitated by ordinary people as "You can't live without your brother", which is easy to remind people of a hard journey, full of sadness and parting.
"The setting sun is boundless in autumn, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the Partridges")
"When the river is full of worries in the evening, the partridges are heard in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man's Book Building a Wall in Jiangxi")
B, the partridge's cry can also be used to gently persuade people not to travel far to express their feelings of missing.
"There are Jiangnan guests in the banquet, so don't sing partridges against the east wind" (Zheng Gu's "The Singer at the Banquet"), which expresses the poet's homesickness caused by the so-called Jiangnan guests' reluctance to sing partridges.
7.swallow
Swallows become a symbol of love because they fly together.
"The falling flower is independent, and the swift flies in pairs" (Song Yan Dao Ji's "Fairy by the River"). The poet compares the sadness of "independence" with the music scene of "flying in pairs", that is, when the swallow flies in pairs, he thinks that he is alone, and his beloved is not around, so he feels bitter about loneliness.
B, because swallows have the habit of clinging to their nests, they become the sustenance of expressing current events and personnel metabolism in classical poems.
Liu Yuxi's "Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people in the old days" (Wuyi Lane) not only hinted at the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also revealed the poet's infinite feelings in the face of changes in the past and the present.
"Reed flowers grow old with me everywhere, who will fly next to the swallows in my hometown" (Jin Lingjun by Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty)
8, chilling
Lu Yun, a native of the Jin Dynasty, praised cicadas for their five virtues in the preface to a cold cicada: a cockroach on its head is a literary talent; Only drink dew, lofty; It is honest not to eat whole grains; Not building a nest is frugal; It is commendable to keep the season in line with the climate.
Cicada often becomes the carrier of the poet's self-esteem, and Qiu Chan's life is at stake. After the autumn rain, the cicada gave a few intermittent groans. So cicada has become synonymous with sadness.
"The cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south think." The poet was excited by the smell of cicada, and used a chilling metaphor to express his deep homesickness in prison.
"Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees!" (Li Shangyin's "cicadas"), the dawn is about to break, and cicadas are hoarse, while the tree it lives in (referring to the expected person) is still green and seems completely indifferent to the groans of cicadas. The poet gave away the cicada as a curtain, looking aggrieved.
"Cold cicadas wail, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to dry." (Song's "Rain Bell") does not directly describe parting, and the feeling of "sadness" is full of readers' hearts, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting emotions.
"The autumn wind is cool, and cicadas are singing around me." ("White Horse is Wang Biao" by Cao Zhi.
9, the moon
A, the moon in ancient poems is often synonymous with homesickness and the carrier of acacia.
"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking)
"He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! . "(Du Fu's Moonlight Remembers Brothers)
"I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall into tonight." (Don Wang Jian's "Fifteen Nights Looking at the Moon and Sending Du Langzhong")
"The moon, now round at sea, is the end of the world." (Don Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking Far")
"Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?" (Wang Anshi boating in Guazhou)
"It is estimated that every year, the heartbroken land, moonlit night, short pine hills." (Su Shi's Jiangchengzi)
B, the bright moon often contains the sadness of border people.
"The sand is like snow before returning to Lefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost." Don Yili's Listening to Shouxiang Wall Flute at Night.
"The moon was bright in Qin, closed in Han, and the Long March did not return." (Out of the Fortress by Tang Wang Changling) is tragic.
C sometimes the bright moon also contains the eternity of time and space.
"The ancients said, if people are running water today, they will look at the bright moon." (Li Bai's "Drinking Poison to Quench Thirst") shows the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time to the fullest.
D, because the moon is characterized by shining all over the world, with a circle and a gap, the full moon can mean that relatives and friends get together and everything is fine; The absence of the moon can mean the separation of relatives and friends, and things are not satisfactory.
"People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." (Su Shi's "Water Tune Songs") This is the truth.
"Hate you not on the river in January, north and south, east and west, north and south, only inseparable. Hating you is like a month on the river, temporarily full of loss, temporarily full of loss, when can we be together? " (Lu Song Ben Zhong's "Mulberry Picking") These two characteristics of the moon refer to personnel.
10, ship
A. There are many images in China's classical poems to express the sense of wandering, such as duckweed, Erigeron, and lonely goose, and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this sense of wandering.
The ancients often said that "rowing is tired" and "land and water go hand in hand", which shows the important position of "boat" in ancient transportation. When people travel and shop in a foreign land, they are more likely to cause infinite reverie. Poems written on boats or poems written on boats have become a spectacular tribe.