The glass pillow in the water curtain is warm and fragrant. Miss acacia, the room is lukewarm, the incense burner is fragrant, and even the embroidered mandarin ducks are fragrant. Such an environment is unimaginable.
Lotus root is lighter in autumn, and people are better than jagged scissors. The temples are separated by fragrant red, and the Hosta has the upper hand.
"The glass pillow in the water curtain is warm and fragrant, arousing people's dreams, and the mandarin duck brocade" still shows the two characteristics of Gong Rui's Wen Ci, and quotes exquisite famous things such as "crystal curtain", "glass pillow" and "mandarin duck brocade", which gives people an uneven aesthetic feeling. "Lotus roots are lighter in autumn than jagged scissors", which conveys a sense of beauty from the timbre with the words of tongue tip and tooth sound. It is also worth noting that the words "refined water" and "glass" in the first sentence generally give people a cold and hard feeling, while the words "warm fragrance evokes dreams" he immediately undertook are warm and soft, which is a sharp contrast, while the first two sentences and three or four sentences have another contrast. One or two sentences are about the indoor scenery in the boudoir, and in On the River, Wen Feiqing's other poems, Bodhisattva Man, are also written in this way. For example, Cui Jinqiao and Lu Shuangchun's pool are green with fine water lines, and the phoenix is relatively golden, and the peony is raining all night, all of which jump from the decoration on the woman's head to the natural scenery and flowers and plants. Wen Feiqing's characteristic is not to tell you clearly what it is. For example, he also has "Bao Han Little Real Gold"? Sean Temple went to Wushan Wall ",which means that" letter "is a letter on the pillow. The ancient pillow letter material was hard and hollow inside, so it was called "letter". "Baoxin" means that this pillow letter is decorated with fine jade and snails, and "bird" and "Baoxin" are connected together, which probably means that the pillow letter is inlaid with mother-of-pearl into the shape of a bird, plus "gold", giving people a treasure letter with both birds and gold? I'm impressed. This is really complicated. There is no hierarchy in naming famous things. Of course, this is only a possibility. Another possibility is "gold? The "cup" is not an ornament on a treasure letter, but an incense burner. Gu Xun, a poet in the post-Shu Dynasty, said, "Embroidered fragrance breaks gold? I ("The Story of the River Mourn") said that behind that beautiful embroidered curtain, gold? The burning incense in the cup has burned out. What about gold? Obviously refers to the incense burner. Ancient incense burners in China were made of copper, and there were generally two shapes, one of which was an animal shape, as evidenced by Li Qingzhao's word "Cold Fragrant Gold Xi" ("Feng Tai Blows Dawn"). The other is bird-shaped, which some people call "golden duck". Fei Qing's word "gold"? Bi is a bird-shaped incense burner. Then he wrote "Wu Shanbi is in Sean Temple", and there are two possibilities in Sean Temple. One is to hold a pavilion, just like Chenxiang Temple, who accompanied Yang Guifei to admire peony flowers in the Tang Dynasty, is also a castle. Another possibility is that, as mentioned in Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy, Yang and other aristocratic families "take agarwood as the pavilion", which is not a building, but a grid for placing things. "Sean Temple goes to Wushanbi", if you regard Sean Temple as a pavilion and other buildings, that is to say, you stand on Sean Temple overlooking the blue Wu Shan outside, this is an explanation. If Sean Temple is a kind of furniture with exquisite indoor lattice, then "Wushan Wall" is a kind of landscape pattern decorated on this lattice. Next, Wen Feiqing still didn't give a rational explanation, just taking the outdoor scenery like "the willow flowers are as bright as silk, and the postal bridge is in the spring rain" as an example, some people don't like warmth. For example, Li Bingruo's "Xuzhuang Story" said that his words were "a waste of good words and obscure words". What I want to explain now is everything in the universe. Its advantages and disadvantages can be seen from two aspects. People who don't like gentle words say that he is "a waste of kind words and obscure." This is to look at the problem from one angle. Changzhou Poet said that his poems have the metaphor of Qu Sao, and his fourteen poems "Bodhisattva Man" are written like Changmen Fu, but the narrative is upside down. (Zhang Huiyan's Selected Poems) said that the connection between his songs was like the Changmen Fu written to Queen Chen, but he reversed the composition of Changmen Fu, and the so-called "backward narration" was also true. This statement is purely Zhou's conjecture. As for Zhang Huiyan's "four sentences", Li Sao means "taking clothes for the first time", there is still a well-founded association. As we said just now, the characteristic that evokes people's association is that his narrative tone and feelings are consistent with the tradition of metonymy. His works, such as Zanhua, Looking in the Mirror and Thrushcross, are consistent with the tradition of thinking about female beauty in China's poems. Just because the narrative is not clear, the sudden jump is often used, leaving a lot of gaps and incoherence, so readers can fill these gaps with their own imagination and give readers room to fill and associate. This is the reason why Wenci makes readers have rich associations, and it is also the third feature of Wenci. The other two "Nan Gezi" in the essay wrote: "I fell into a low comb bun, and the lotus roll swept my eyebrows. I have been thinking about you all day. I am tired of the monarch, and when a hundred flowers bloom. " "Golden parrot in hand, embroidered phoenix on the chest, peeking. "It is better to marry and be a mandarin duck." Everyone writes about the love between men and women, which is of course a common feature of pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, because most of the poets at that time were the love between poets and maiko, and the wonder of this feeling lies in its metaphorical association. It is not only the tradition of China's poetry, but also the tradition of western literature, no matter what you admire, whether it is ideal, career, creed or religion. The most specific, distinctive, intense and easily aroused is the lovesickness between men and women, which is the main reason why The Word was originally just a song between banquets with no far-reaching significance and value, but later it was able to draw such a profound and entrusted meaning. All feelings of love, admiration and pursuit are similar to this passion. Western literature also has this tradition, so western poetry often expresses religious feelings with the feelings of men and women. The Song of Songs in the Bible is a love poem. In addition, the warm words suddenly jump, leaving a lot of gaps, giving readers a lot of associative space. This is an important reason why warm language is easy to cause metonymy. Of course, there are many colorful words in the Five Dynasties that are not intended to be metaphors. For example, Zhang Bi wrote "Huanxi Yarn" in "Flower Picking": "The fragrant cars enter Fengcheng at dusk, and the east wind reveals embroidered curtains obliquely. Slowly back, charming eyes smiling. I don't know what the news is, but I have to pretend to be drunk with you and hear it vaguely. It's crazy. " It can't give people any deep association. I have always felt that poetry gives people a sense of life in different sizes. This small print is meaningless to write, but it is too clear. It was a boy who chased a girl into the city in a fragrant car, and the wind blew the curtains of the car. When the girl turned around, he saw her beautiful face, met by chance, didn't have a chance to know her, and pretended to be drunk. At last, she called her "crazy", that's all. This naturally cannot arouse people's association with Qu Zi's Li Sao, because everything is clearly written, and the unknown theory in Wenci coincides with the tradition, which is the beauty of Wenci. Therefore, literary ci must combine several characteristics to get the result that people compare his ci with Qu Sao, because it combines the tradition of Yu Tuo in addition to the blank. Let's go on to see "Bao Han's sparrow gold?" The second half of the word "Bi" reads: "Painting the building is interrupted, and the grass is". On the painting floor, there is a woman who is looking forward to a long trip, but the person she is looking forward to has not come back, and even the news has been broken. The south bank of the Yangtze River is covered with grass. "Grass Jiang Nanan" means that when the grass grows all over the south of the Yangtze River, it means another year has passed. Combined with the story of "Liu Rusi, spring rain comes to the rear axle" in the first half, I clearly remember that when I bid farewell to the rear axle, I once folded the willow and gave it to the other party. Now Liu Rusi, the person I bid farewell to at the rear axle did not come back, which is "painting the building without news". Grass Jiang Nanan also emphasizes the passage of time. It coincides with the tradition of China's poetry. The last two sentences are "Luan mirror and cuttlefish, who knows about it". He also mentioned "Luan mirror" and "cuttlefish". Although the people who traveled far away are gone forever, although the willow branches are blowing year after year, the spring grass in Jiang Nanan turns green year after year. Although the news is cut off year after year, I still cherish myself with Luan mirror and cuttlefish. The reason why Fei Qing's ci is memorable is that he combines several characteristics. In addition to the above characteristics, I would like to add that there is a tradition and a habit in China's poetry, that is, the environmental background you write and the moral qualifications and feelings of the characters you write should have a mutual foil. For example, in Nineteen Ancient Poems, there are several poems about hating women and thinking about women with the same theme, but the qualifications and feelings of the masters who hate women and think about women are different, so the environment and background they write are also different. The second sentence of the 19th ancient poem: "Grass by the Qing River, willows in the lush garden, Yingying upstairs, bright as a window, delicate hands", this woman is "delicate hands", she stood at the window and showed the public what kind of woman this is? The poem says, "I used to be a housewife, but now I'm a slut. It's hard to keep an empty bed alone." I wrote the image of a woman who was unwilling to be lonely. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" has another poem: "There are tall buildings in the northwest, on the clouds, with sparse windows and pavilions. There is a string song on the floor with a sad voice. Who can sing for it? No one is Qi Liang's wife. Qing merchants were sent with the wind, and the middle song fell, sighing again and again, and generosity was more than sorrow. " What a euphemism, "there are tall buildings in the northwest and clouds on the horizon". All you can hear is the intermittent music coming from the tall building. Is she "as bright as a window" or "as thin as a hand"? A tall building with clouds floating in the sky symbolizes a noble character and qualification. So different backgrounds and different environments show different personalities and qualifications of different characters. Then let's take a look at what kind of environment Wen Feiqing revealed. "Glass pillow in water curtain", crystal and glass are crystal clear, cold and hard, which shows a kind of quality. Here, we need to play Lenovo again. Li Taibai has a poem "Jade Family": "The jade steps are cold and dew, and the silk bottom is wet. She has been wandering there for so long. Behind her closed window, why is she still waiting, looking at the glory of the autumn moon through its crystal glass? "This is a very good poem. Li Taibai often takes us by plane. What he wrote in "Jade Clam" has gone beyond the simple resentment of the lovesick people on the jade steps, which has raised this feeling and made us see a better realm that is higher, more beautiful, more crystal clear, more exquisite and more worthy of pursuing. It is because the jade steps, white dew, crystal curtain, exquisiteness and autumn moon he used all show a bright and crystal-clear quality, and the warm word "in the water curtain" also shows a lonely and cold state. As I said just now, the objects and images quoted by warm words seem unreasonable, but in fact these phenomena are completely meaningful and effective among them. In the first sentence, "glass pillow in water curtain", some books regard "glass" as "coral", and the word "coral" is not as good as "glass". First, the sound is dull, and second, the image is not as good as "glass". Only glass can match the crystal curtain's crystal, transparency, hardness and purity. This sentence not only conveys the crystal curtains and glass pillows that women hang in the boudoir in reality, but also sets off all the lonely and cold feelings and crystal clear and pure characteristics of women through the crystal curtains and glass pillows' crystal clear, hard, pure and cold environment. Even better, this sentence is associated with "warm fragrance evokes dreams". The loneliness and coldness of appearance highlight the lingering warmth of the heart. What is a warm and warm feeling "warmth", what is a fragrant smell "fragrance", what is a delicate and lingering entanglement "teasing", and what is a dream caused by warm fragrance can be imagined. "Yuanyang Brocade" and "Yuanyang Brocade" are the patterns on the brocade, and "Yuanyang Brocade" represents the most perfect and beautiful love. "Brocade" is the texture of the material, which is the most exquisite category of silk fabrics, so he said "Yuanyang Brocade". But it is worth noting that Wen Feiqing did not say what it was, but what it was. Is it a bridal bed? He didn't say anything, but the feelings that the woman missed were conveyed through these images and the adverbials and predictions that connected them. The next sentence, "Ruyan Liu on the river, geese flying in the waning moon", is a leap of warm words, and the transition between them should be filled by readers, which is why the poem that died under that sentence can't arouse people's appreciation and emotion. Ruyan Liu on the River, rationally explained, may be a dream, but the word is full of beauty in emotional consciousness and arouses us. The warm friendship inside the curtain is like this, and the bleak scenery outside the curtain is like that, "Ruyan Liu on the river, the wild geese flying in the waning moon". The feeling of these two sentences does not need a rational explanation, but lies in the contrast between the two groups of images. Not only that; The two images of "Liu" and "Yan" can also give people many associations. "Willow" often reminds people of parting. According to legend, the word "Qin Yi E" written by Li Bai once said that "the willow leaves fall every year, and Baling is sad and dead". The obscurity of "Ruyan Liu" itself means subtle feelings and plays the role of "the willow is like silk, and the postal bridge is in the spring rain". Therefore, "Ruyan Liu on the River" is full of feelings of parting. As for the "wild goose", the ancients thought it could deliver letters, and people often lined up in flight. Li Qingzhao's poem "Pruning Plums" also reminds people of people far away. In addition, the keynote of warm words is: "glass pillow in water curtain, warm fragrance arouses dreams, mandarin duck brocade". The rhymes of the two sentences are both consonants, and the distant sound effects convey the feeling of dreaming in a dream, which is difficult to explain accurately and can only be understood by the feelings of the soul. And the last two sentences, "Ruyan Liu on the river, wild geese flying in the waning moon", both end with two rhymes, which has a very light and sad feeling. So this word not only has a good image, but also has a good voice. Moreover, not only is the first half well written, but the life of a poem is complete, so it is more beneficial to link the second half. [Next Page]
The second half of the poem is "lotus roots are light in autumn". Lotus root silk is a kind of clothing, which is extremely fine, soft and light. "Lotus-root silk shirt" and "Lotus-root silk skirt" are often used in ancient poetry, but Wen Feiqing did not make it clear, but only quoted the characteristics of texture. "Autumn color" is a color. From the perspective of nature, when the autumn wind blows, the color characteristics of nature turn from green to yellow. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Xifeng often asks people to take materials of one color or another from the wardrobe, including Qiu Xiangse's. My intuition should be a soft color between yellow and green. Recently I saw an anthology of words, which mentioned that the color of "lotus root silk" is pink. I don't quite understand this explanation, and I don't know why I think lotus root silk is colored and pink. According to my experience, it is impossible to mix "lotus root silk" and "autumn color" into pink, so it should be "lotus root silk" as the material and "autumn color" as the color. Lotus root silk is such a soft material, autumn color is such a gentle tone, and "light autumn color" is a faint autumn color. This sentence did not say lotus root silk skirt or lotus root silk shirt. No matter what it is, as long as it is the material of lotus root silk and the color of autumn, the person wearing "autumn lotus root silk" should be a beautiful and gentle figure, whether it is a shirt or a skirt. What do you mean by "people win?" The Chronicle of Jingchu records that ancient women "Japanese cut the ribbon and people won". Ancient superstitions in China predicted the biological good or bad luck of the next year according to the weather in the first few days of the first month after the Spring Festival. A chicken, two dogs, three pigs, four sheep, five cows, six horses and seven people. The fine weather on the seventh day indicates the prosperity and peace of the population, so the seventh day of the first month is called People's Day. On Human Day, women in boudoir cut colorful materials into various patterns, made colorful banners and pinned them on their heads, which is called "success". "Uneven" is the appearance of irregular height, and there are many tricks to show that people win. What is more noteworthy is the feelings of cherishing people revealed in the sentence "people win uneven scissors difference". The ancients often wrote poems about loving people and cherishing people, while Cen Can wrote Du Fu's poems, saying that "people and heaven send poems to the thatched cottage, so they are homesick", so the word "people and heaven" is the place where the whole poem reveals the news. We can also associate the word "man wins" with the sentence "geese fly to the waning moon" There is a poem by Xue Daoheng in Sui Dynasty: "People return to geese, and think before flowers". The geese fly back, but people haven't come back yet, so these two sentences reveal the feeling of being pregnant. Moreover, both "Light Autumn" and "Staggered Scissors" use several sounds made by the tip of the tongue rubbing teeth to express that euphemistic and unforgettable memory. The following sentence "The sideburns are red, and the Hosta has the upper hand". "Red" refers to flowers, but flowers are a rational explanation. Fei Qing wrote "red" without the word "red". Fragrance is the smell of flowers, and red is the color of flowers, all of which are direct feelings, so "red" is a flower, a flower inserted in a woman's head. It should be noted that the same writing about Zanhua is different from Wang Guowei's saying, "From now on, I will never dream of repaying kindness again, and I will sit and enjoy Byakki Smoker in Zanhua." This sentence is clear, profound and full of deep feelings. Every word has its weight, and Wen Feiqing only wrote "Look at the mirror before the flowers are spent", "Love the mirror flowers" and "Burn the incense on the temples", which is useless even to praise the flowers. But the image of "red on the temple" is not clear, because there are two possibilities for the word "red on the temple". One is separated by red flowers in the middle of the temples, and the other is separated by red on the temples on both sides. But it doesn't matter whether the flowers are in the middle or on both sides. The important thing is that the flowers are written here to illustrate the beautiful feelings of the woman. Writing like Fei Qing is not completely without origin. Because in the evolution of literary history, there must be its process and trend, but the great genius is a few steps ahead of ordinary people, but it must be based on the past course and will never be a blank before, so we must not forget its traditional background when reading works. The style of literature is from simple and straightforward to complex and changeable, which is the inevitable trend of literary development. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there was a tendency to pay attention to direct feelings and emotional narration in poetry. Li He's poems "Painting osmanthus trees with autumn fragrance, thirty-six palaces with native flowers", "Osmanthus fragrans" and "Native Peanut Moss" are all written from sensibility without rational explanation. Like Li Shangyin's poem "Jinse", there are four lines in the middle: "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, cuckoo crowing in the spring of the emperor. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-like green sea, and the blue fields breathe their jade at the sun. "There is no rational explanation for one word and one image. This is a trend. Wen Feiqing is such a successful writer. This way of emphasizing perceptual intuition rather than rational explanation is successful and unsuccessful. Wen Feiqing completed the role of communication in a direct sense, which coincided with the cultural tradition and provided rich metaphorical associations, so he was successful. The last sentence "Hosta has the upper hand" sounds unreasonable. In fact, the word "wind" is wonderful. If we only say "people win the uneven scissors" and only say "fragrant red on the temples", then "people win" and "fragrant red" are dull, but adding the word "wind" will make them look energetic. Xin Jiaxuan wrote two sentences in his first poem: "Spring is back, look at the spring banners curled up on the beauty's head." Xin Jiaxuan is a great poet. He can express his feelings with very vivid images. The grass is not green, the trees are not green, and the flowers are not red. However, Xin Jiaxuan saw the arrival of spring from the beauty's head. It's fluttering. Wei Zhuang has a poem "Huanxi Yarn", which says that "Xiao Qing dresses up as a cold food festival, willow balls curl up in the air, and the blinds in front of the painting hall go straight out". That is to say, the beauty wears good clothes at the dawn of late spring, and the catkin clouds fly down obliquely and curl up in the flowers on the woman's head. By this time, she had walked from the curtains in the hall to the front of the hall. This last sentence can be used as a footnote for warm words. "The sideburns are red, and the Hosta has the upper hand", which means that this woman is in action, and the flowers on her head and graceful victory are swaying in the spring breeze.