How to improve the ability of Chinese poetry in primary schools

Ancient poetry is the essence of China's traditional culture and a bright pearl in the world's cultural and artistic treasure house. In the "Nine-year Compulsory Education Full-time Primary School Chinese Teaching Outline" promulgated in 2000, it is clearly pointed out that the teaching goal of ancient poetry in primary schools is to recite at least 150 excellent poems. The number of reciting ancient poems in junior grades is more than 30 per academic year, about 30 in middle grades and more than 20 in senior grades. 200 1 The new Chinese curriculum standard for primary schools proposes to recite 50 excellent poems in the first phase, 50 poems in the second phase and 60 poems in the third phase. Moreover, there are 70 "recommendations for reciting ancient poems" in its appendix. It can be seen that the new curriculum standard affirms and improves the status of ancient poetry teaching in primary schools. The ancient poems in primary school Chinese textbooks are well known to women and children, and they are all excellent works of ancient poems. So, how to guide students to read these ancient poems? First, the first time I read a poem, I know that the author's poem has been read a hundred times, and its meaning is self-evident, and its feelings are self-evident. There are many ways to read ancient poems, which can be divided into self-reading, pair reading and group reading, as well as silent reading and audio reading. Reading more can help students grasp the inner rhythm of poetry. Rhythm is the life of ancient poetry, and the process of reading poetry is also the process of appreciating poetry. Students feel the whole in reading, gain some insights in reading, cultivate a sense of language in reading and be influenced by emotions in reading. If they read too much, they will naturally become chanting and become the root of their hearts.

In the whole process of reciting poems, due to the differences between modern Chinese and ancient Chinese, students should be guided to read every word correctly and pronounce every word correctly. For example, "Letter from Home" "Teenagers leave home, old people return, and the local accent remains unchanged." Now "Shuai" is pronounced, but the ancient sound should be "Cui", which can better rhyme and better reflect the rhythmic beauty of ancient poetry; For example, Du Mu's Mountain Walk: "There are people in the depths of white clouds." In ancient times, Xia. I should have read it, but now reading xi4 is not harmonious and rhymes in Chinese Pinyin. When dealing with this problem, I will let students read it by themselves, read it several times more, and experience the rhyming beauty of ancient poems. Students naturally choose to read ancient sounds.

Second, read the text intensively and understand poetry. After reading the ancient poetry, you must understand the meaning of this poem. In Chinese textbooks, ancient poems will be annotated, and words that are difficult to understand will be translated. At this time, I mostly hope that students will take the form of group cooperation or individual speech, so that students can explore slowly, sentence by sentence, and the teacher will give appropriate guidance. Students can also be encouraged to look it up by themselves with the help of the ancient Chinese dictionary. This is of great help to students' autonomous learning ability.

Third, learn poetry and experience emotion.

(1) Understanding the background: There are many ancient poems of different authors, backgrounds and emotions among the ancient poems in primary schools. Take the theme of "Farewell" as an example. There is Li Bai's "Gift for Wang Lun". Wang Lun sent his friend away with a song, and Li Bai used a pool to express his friend's deep affection for him. There is Li Bai's "Sending Bowls to Yanling", which writes that Li Bai sends friends with his eyes and uses the water of the Yangtze River as a metaphor for endless feelings between friends; There is Wang Wei's "Send Yuan to Twenty Shores Xi", in which Wang Wei sends wine to his friends, and expresses his sadness at their parting through rain, willow and wine. All these vividly express the author's reluctance to his friends. For another example, Fan Chengda's April in the Country, Four Seasons' Pastoral Fun and Zhang's Fisherman's Song, etc., describe beautiful rural scenery for us and express our praise for nature and working people. It is also a landscape poem, but the difference is that Li Bai's Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain not only describes the beautiful scenery of Jingting Mountain, but also expresses the poet's extremely lonely mood with words such as "doing", "loneliness" and "only". From the background information, we know that Li Bai was brilliant and ambitious when he was young, but the court was dark and the world was cold. Long-term wandering life makes him feel bitter and lonely, so when reading aloud, read out his depressed and lonely mood.

(2) Cultivation of imagination: Aristotle said: "Imagination is the source of discovering and inventing all creative activities." Without imagination, there is no creation, and being good at creation must be good at imagination. The importance of imagination to a person can be seen. Ancient poetry has the characteristics of conciseness, short length and rich meaning. Students should fully understand the artistic conception and implication of the poem, and rely on their own imagination to supplement their understanding, association, supplement, creation and conception of the picture in the poem. For example, after learning the ancient poem "The Fisherman is on the River", please imagine that fishermen risked their lives to salvage delicious bass on the rolling river, which made people feel sympathy and pity for the fishermen.

(3) The necessity of extracurricular expansion from the simplest poem "Goose, Goose, Goose, Think about Xiang Tiange. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. I will guide students to understand this poem through painting. I collected some pictures of the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and under the exclamation of the magical charm of nature, I guided students to understand why poets are obsessed with the south of the Yangtze River, so as to read out their praise for the south of the Yangtze River. Farewell Poems I ask students to tell stories and tell their feelings when they leave their friends, so as to realize the feelings of parting between friends ... Although ancient poems are far away from us, the feelings and feelings of the ancients are all contained in this short and pithy poem, which means a long time. Only the poems close to our hearts are eternal famous sentences, and only by comparing them with our own lives can we better understand poetry.

In a word, classical poetry is the crystallization of the splendid culture of our great nation for 5,000 years and is our precious wealth. A nation without tradition is sad, and a nation with tradition but not knowing how to cherish it is sad. Excellent ancient poetry is an important resource for primary education, and its beautiful poetry, profound connotation, lofty artistic conception, circulating sentences and exquisite language are inexhaustible treasures for us. Only when we Chinese teachers attach importance to the teaching of ancient poetry, constantly enrich ourselves, improve our literary literacy, correctly grasp the emotions of works, and take effective scientific measures to stimulate students' interest and emotions in learning, can we make students love ancient poetry, love the excellent culture of the motherland, guide students to discover the beauty of ancient poetry, appreciate the beauty of ancient poetry, and enjoy aesthetic experience, thus enriching children's humanistic literacy!