This article is a philosophical poem with neat structure and far-reaching implications. Poetry explains what is ideal with vivid language and rich images; Ideal historical significance, personality significance, life significance and so on. Poetry expresses rational thinking about life in rhythmic language, with profound connotation.
Teaching objectives
1, read this poem with emotion.
2. Contact with the reality of life, experience visual language and understand the theme of poetry.
3, combined with personal experience, can motivate themselves, set up lofty ideals, and strive for it.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
Teaching emphasis: read the poem with emotion and understand the main idea of the poem.
Difficulties in teaching: reading images in poetry and experiencing language with examples.
Teaching preparation
Student: Collect famous people who struggle for their ideals and their outstanding deeds.
Teacher:
1, brief introduction of Liushahe, pictures.
2. Prepare the tape of reading the text.
Design concept
This article is a philosophical poem explaining the ideal, with profound content. In the content, it is consistent with the first unit "On the other side of the mountain", and the new course teaching is introduced in combination with "On the other side of the mountain"; Grasp the main characteristics of poetry teaching and highlight reading training; At the same time, let students study independently, discuss in groups and be guided by teachers to cultivate students' team spirit; Guiding them to find examples from social life and life experience, understanding and appreciating the visual language of poetry is helpful to internalize the thoughts of poetry into students' own emotional consciousness.
teaching process
First of all, contact old knowledge to introduce new lessons.
Students, in the first unit, what we feel is the author's vision, experience and thinking about life. Pursuing a better life is our common goal. So, what can make our beautiful life and light up your life? "Leviticus" Tolstoy tells us, "Ideal is the guiding light. Without ideals, there is no firm direction; Without direction, there is no life. " Today, let's walk into the philosophical poem "Ideal" by the famous poet Liushahe. I believe he will make you shine in an instant. (blackboard writing topic)
(This lead-in language is designed according to Ausubel's learning assimilation theory. It uses students' original knowledge network, that is, what they have learned, and also tells the ideal modern poem Beyond the Mountain, which is linked with the new knowledge learned today, so that students can easily develop curiosity and thirst for knowledge on the original basis and enter this class with a proactive attitude. )
Second, the form of reading aloud, the overall perception
1, play the recording tape, and listen to the students:
Requirements: Listen carefully, taste the tone and intonation, grasp the rhythm and rhyme, and make marks in the poem.
2. Read freely and think with questions:
(1) What is the theme of this poem?
(2) What aspects of this poem are written around this theme?
3, collective reading, cooperative exploration:
Classroom communication, clear: the theme of poetry-inspiring people to set up lofty ideals (designed in this way, the purpose is to grasp the main characteristics of poetry teaching, take reading as the starting point, highlight reading training, not only exercise students' reading ability, but also lay the foundation for the next discussion and appreciation. )
Third, read, explore and taste the language.
Divide the students into 5 ~ 6 groups, determine the group leader, and use brainstorming method to solve problems and explore together.
1, the teacher shows the group learning requirements: discuss paragraph by paragraph, think deeply, chew repeatedly and taste the language.
2, the teacher's guidance on learning law:
(1) Let's speak freely and talk about our reading experience.
(2) Pay attention to the celebrity stories collected before class when you understand poetry. And connect with social life and personal experience, these examples will help you understand poetry better.
3. According to each paragraph, the teacher lists the thinking questions, guides the students' discussion ideas, and keeps abreast of the communication.
What are the language features of the 1 segment? Can you write a few sentences according to the structure of this section?
Tip: a, metaphor, thimble. B, imitate writing.
Remind students to pay attention to the structural characteristics of this article.
What do sections 2 and 3 mean? Can you try to give an example?
Hint: a, different historical periods have different ideals, and it is these rising ideals that promote the continuous progress of mankind. It is not difficult to give an example ... B, analyze the role of "pearl chain" and "backbone".
What is the meaning of the third and fourth sentences in the fourth quarter?
Tip: The realization of ideals often goes through many setbacks and failures.
Section 5 tries to figure out the meaning of each sentence and understand the significance of setting up lofty ideals.
Tip: Ideal gives people strength.
What do you mean by "gain" and "sacrifice" in subsections 6 and 7 respectively? What is the ontology of "by-product"? Why do people with ideals become "bitter"
Tip: These two sections are related. "Obtaining" is the joy of striving for the ideal, and it is the joy after the ideal is realized. Personal honor is only a "by-product"; What "sacrifices" is personal interests, and what feels "sour" is the loneliness that is not understood, and a person cries and struggles. A typical example: Lu Xun.
In section 8, you can illustrate that "ideals make honest people unhappy;" The meaning of "ideal makes unhappy people live"? What is a "capitalized person"?
The teacher suggested giving examples, such as "Jiang Jie". Then guide the students to give more examples to deepen their understanding.
Section 9 is related to section 8, which puts the ideal meaning of life in the front, and section 9 cuts in from the opposite side. Even "sinners" and "prodigals" have changed themselves because of their ideals, let alone ordinary people.
What's the difference between the two sections: 10 and 1 1?
Tip: What should I do if the ideal of 10 is misinterpreted and defiled from the passive side? Section 1 1 describes the consequences of some people voluntarily giving up their ideals.
Section 12 summarizes the whole poem and encourages people to set up their ideals and fight for them.
The design of this link focuses on the independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods advocated by the new curriculum standard, and pays attention to the guidance of learning methods, so that students can follow the rules and taste the joy of success through their own efforts. At the same time, the application of examples also transforms the ideas of the text into emotional consciousness that students can understand, and also trains students' oral expression ability, which breaks through the key and difficult points of teaching in relaxed communication.
Fourth, expand and pay attention to your own experience.
1, reading experience:
After reading the philosophical ideal of Liushahe, I believe you must have your own views and experiences. Try to combine your own actual situation and talk about how to set up lofty ideals and work hard for them.
2. Rhetoric training:
This poem uses a lot of metaphors, which are appropriate and vivid, making abstract things vivid. Try to imitate the text and write a few words, which must be vividly expressed (the design of this process), reflecting the consolidation and migration of knowledge; The timely exchange of learning experience exercises students' oral communication ability)
V. Teacher's Summary
Today, we read and appreciated this poem, mastered its basic structure, understood its main content, experienced its vivid language, and talked deeply about our learning experience. Let us remember Tolstoy's famous words, set up lofty ideals, take this as a guiding light and work hard to realize him. I hope everyone can become a noble person with ideals.
Six, homework design
1, complete the "Discussion Contact".
2. Organize the learning experience into a 300-word essay.
Cooperative exploration and interpretation of poetry 1 ~ 7
1. Name the students and let them read separately. Thinking:
(1) What are the four metaphors in section 1?
(2) The second section says that different times have different ideals, and ideals are contemporary, right? Besides, what does this mean?
(3) What is the meaning of Section 3? What's the connection with the second part?
(4) What is the focus of the fourth verse?
(5) How to summarize the general idea of Section 5?
(6) How to understand the meaning of Section 6 "Ideal is both an acquisition and a sacrifice"?
(7) Why do you say, "If an ideal brings you honor,/it is only a by-product"? Why "bring more misunderstood loneliness"? How can there be laughter in loneliness? Why is there bitterness in laughter?
Discuss and communicate in sections, with teacher's guidance:
(1) In section 1, four metaphors, from stone to fire, from fire to light, and from light to road, are connected in series, which is also called "thimble" in rhetoric: that is, the last part of the previous sentence (word or sentence) is used as the beginning of the latter sentence, making the sentence coherent, compact, vivid and smooth. The first two metaphors pave the way for the third, and the poetry mainly lies in the latter two metaphors. "Dawn" refers to the ideal state. This section mainly says that ideal is the way forward.
(2) Ideals are epochal and hierarchical. In the first and third lines of this section, there are only two periods with semicolons at the end of the sentence. These two sentences are said from two angles. Hunger and cold, food and clothing, civilization, from living conditions, from chaos, stability from social order.
(3) The meaning of Section 3 is summarized as follows: The ideals of human beings from generation to generation have promoted the development of history.
The second section says that the gradual improvement of human understanding, from warmth to civilization, from stability to prosperity, is historic; The third section looks at human ideals from a historical perspective and compares them to pearls. The human ideal is like a pearl chain. The third section is based on the second section to further expand and deepen, pointing out the role of ideals in the development of human history.
(4) The poetic focus is on the last two sentences. "Ideal is a compass, guiding the ship" means that ideal makes people clear the direction. The fourth sentence of section 1 says that "ideal is the way to lead you to dawn", and the dawn will surely come, and this ideal will inevitably come true. Section 4 talks about another situation, that is, the realization of the ideal often goes through many setbacks and failures, or it is not as close as expected. At first, we underestimated the long-term nature, and later we realized its arduousness and long-term nature.
(5) "Ideal makes you observe life with a smile", that is, ideal makes people optimistic. "Ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate", which means that ideal makes people full of fighting spirit and indomitable struggle. "Ideal makes you forget your early white hair; /Ideal makes your head white and naive. "That is to say, ideal makes the elderly full of vitality. The general idea of this poem can be summarized as "Ideal gives strength".
(6) The poet's "ideal" is a lofty social ideal, an ideal of social progress and the interests of most people. Setting up ideals, having faith, and having the happiness to fight for ideals are the gains, and all these are based on sacrificing personal interests. He wants to sacrifice his personal interests and abandon his golden dream, so it is another kind of sacrifice.
(7) The ideal pursues social food and clothing, civilization, stability and prosperity, not personal honor. The ideal has come true, and the society gives you honor, which is just a by-product of the ideal.
People with lofty ideals are misunderstood, which is common in history. The ideal is to change the status quo. In the eyes of people who have not yet realized, it is a big violation of the Tao. If we avoid and oppose, the strugglers will be lonely.
A man with lofty ideals who struggles for his ideals enjoys the joy of struggle despite his loneliness, so he has a "smile in loneliness". However, he was misunderstood and treated as an alien, so there was bitterness in his laughter.
Summary: Two or three paragraphs of the poem are similar in general idea and can be summarized by "ideal historical significance". Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7 are similar and can be summarized by "ideal personality meaning".
Students should read and recite the first seven sections.
Five, say the ideal, expand and extend.
The poet made many metaphors about ideals, which are colorful and far-reaching. Teenagers in the flower season are full of longing for the future, and colorful ideal brushes outline a magnificent blueprint for life. Please imitate poetry and summarize and praise your ideals with beautiful words.
Teacher example:
Ideal is the eye of the lighthouse on the vast sea.
Ideal is the arm of a road sign at a crossroads.
The ideal is to drive away the burning flame on a cold night.
(1) What is the central meaning of Section 8?
(2) What does section 9 mean? What does this have to do with the last section?
(3) What are the meanings of "ideal defiled" and "ideal pickpocketed" in section10?
(4) What is the connection between paragraph11and the above? Why do you say "disgusting" when you praise the merits of that year? "Curse the immediate environment", why do you say "ridiculous"?
(5) What is the metaphor of "ideal flowering" in section12? Why don't you finally pay attention to "taking photos at night" and say "the spring scenery on the road is just right, and the sun is shining high in the sky"?
Discuss and communicate in sections, with teacher's guidance:
(1) Section 8 is divided into two big sentences, and the upper and lower clauses of each big sentence are separated by semicolons. This section talks about the significance of ideals to life. Ideal makes the unfortunate people live and makes the ordinary people great. The so-called "capitalized people" are real people, noble people and great people.
(2) Section 9 says that anyone can set up an ideal, even a sinner. Once he sets up an ideal, he can get a new life; Even a prodigal son, once he has set up an ideal, "the prodigal son will never change his money." It is pointed out that ideals play a great role in the human soul. "Ideal is immortal grass", which means that when a sinner sets up an ideal, he restores his conscience and the soul of a normal person, and he can turn over a new leaf. "Ideal is a loving mother", which means that ideal can guide the prodigal son on the right track.
(3) Understanding the ideals of "defilement" and "pickpocketing" should be related to the historical background of the ten-year catastrophe. The Gang of Four distorted Marxism-Leninism, propagated false Marxism-Leninism, and destroyed and defiled their production ideal. Because of their abuse and defilement, some people's beliefs have been shaken, that is, their ideals have been pickpocketed. Ideal is pickpocketed. On my own side, because I am not persistent enough, I say that I want to get it back, be vigilant, "be careful in the future" and regard my ideal as my life.
(4) The previous section said "pickpocketing" and this section said "lost". The former is passive and the latter is active, which is hierarchical. Comparing Section 8, "Ordinary people are great because of their ideals" and "Heroes are mediocre because they lose their ideals", the contrast is very obvious. Positive and negative contrast highlights the importance of ideals to life.
It's disgusting to brag about your exploits in those days, instead of making new achievements, eating old money and lying on the credit book for fame and fortune. It is ridiculous to "curse the immediate environment" without trying to change it.
(5) The phrase "ideal blossom" means that today's ideal flower is tomorrow's sweet fruit, and today's ideal bud is tomorrow's abundance. Set up ideals and make unremitting efforts, and there will be fruitful results.
"The spring scenery on the road is just right, and the sun is shining in the sky" symbolizes a good situation. In the new historical period, it is the best opportunity for the people of China to realize their beautiful ideals.
Summary: Poems 8, 9, 10, 1 1 have similar general ideas and can be summarized as "the ideal meaning of life". It can be seen that the whole poem mainly praises the ideal significance, from historical significance to personality significance and life significance. The first section always talks about the meaning of ideals, and the last section encourages people to set up ideals and fight for them.
3. Students collectively read the whole poem and recite it.
4. Complete the sentence according to the example.
Example (1): In the age of hunger and cold, the ideal is food and clothing;
In the era of food and clothing, ideal is civilization.
Completion: In the well-off era, the ideal is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;
In peacetime, the ideal is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Example (2): Ideal is both acquisition and sacrifice.
Completion time: the time is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Third, contrast extension.
Ask the students to talk about the inner connection between ideal and the other side of the mountain, and find the poem with the same connotation in the two poems.
Students exchange answers, and the teacher makes it clear:
The internal relationship between the two poems is that they have the same theme and both express their respective ideal meanings.
On the other side of the mountain: "Yes, I was disappointed again and again/when I climbed to the top of the mountain that tempted me/but I regained my confidence again and again and went forward bravely."
Ideal: "But the ideal is sometimes the arc of the kiss of the sea and the sky,/out of reach, tormenting your enterprising heart." "Ideals make you stubbornly resist fate."
The above poems all say that the road to the ideal realm is long, and disappointment again and again is torture.
On the other side of the mountain: "People, please believe that-/after climbing countless mountains/after overcoming disappointment again and again/you will eventually climb to the top of this mountain/and on the other side of this mountain, the sea/a brand-new world/illuminates your eyes in an instant ..."
"Ideal": "Ideal blossoms, peaches and plums should bear sweet fruits; /Ideal bud, Populus euphratica will have shade. "
The above poem says that the realization of ideals brings people a beautiful new life.
Sixth, the class summary
"The sea is wide and the fish jumps, and the sky is high and birds fly." All those romantic figures who made great achievements in history showed extraordinary lofty aspirations when they were young. "Heroes have been teenagers since ancient times." Zhou Enlai, a great man, studied hard for the rise of China and finally made a difference. Just as the poem says, "Spring is just on the road, and the sun is shining high in the sky", I hope students can plug in their ideal wings and draw a beautiful arc in the blue sky.
3. The following anthropomorphic stories all have certain philosophies. Please choose the one you are interested in, and use it as a clue to write a poem about "understanding life".
(1) Bird: Even if the cage is gold, it is better not to have it.
(2) Shrimp: Haha! Why are you all walking backwards? Wow!
(3) Woodpecker: Sincere love is often cruel love.
(4) Epiphyllum: Do people say that I am beautiful because my life is short?
(5) Magnifier: In my eyes, sesame is watermelon.
(6) convex lens: only by uniting forces can we succeed.
(7) Lock: In the eyes of robbers, I don't exist.
(8) Rainbow: My seven-color brilliance comes from the most ordinary sunshine.
(9) Windows: My principle is to open when it should be opened and close when it should be closed.
(10) Mirror: Only those who look up to me will be in my heart.
The famous motto about "ideal":
1. Only those who set great goals for themselves and work hard for them are happy people.
Kalinin
2. I never take comfort and happiness as the purpose of life-this ethical basis, I call it the ideal of pigsty.
-Einstein
3. The ideal of life is for the ideal life. -Zhang Wentian
If a person doesn't have a clear sailing goal, any wind direction is not downwind for him. -Montaigne (France)
Ideals are like stars, we can never reach them, but we can sail according to their positions like sailors.
-Schlitz
6. Ideal can't be conquered by reality, and the spark of hope shines in the dark sky. -Ba Jin
7. Ideal is a kind of power! -romain rolland
8. People who have no ideal in life are poor. -Turgenev
9. If we don't have ideals, our minds will be at a loss; If we don't work, how can our ideals be realized? -Chen Yi
10. People need ideals, but they need to conform to natural human ideals, not supernatural ideals. -Lenin
1 1. Ideal is needed, and it is our direction. Reality has a future guided by ideals; On the other hand, the ideal can only be realized through realistic efforts. Zhou Enlai
12. The happiest thing in the world is to fight for the ideal. -Socrates