Teaching purposes
1. Learn narrative poetry to express theme ideas by shaping characters.
2. Understand the evils of feudal patriarchal system and feudal ethics that destroy the happy life of young men and women.
3. Understand the characteristics of compound words with partial meanings, ancient and modern words, and master the usage of "xiang" and "ying" in different contexts.
Teaching ideas
1. The language of this article is close to spoken language, and the annotations are detailed, making it easy for students to read and understand the words. At the same time, the whole poem is quite long, so it is not suitable to be read in class. Therefore, when teaching this article, we can start from the context, analyze the characters, and reveal the theme ideas; use "preview tips" as a breakthrough to organize classroom teaching.
2. The plot of this article has been widely circulated among the people and has been adapted into dramas, movies and other art forms, which has a profound influence. When teaching this article, qualified schools can use audio-visual teaching methods or read relevant materials to deepen their understanding of the text.
Number of teaching hours
2 teaching hours
Teaching focus
Preliminarily understand the whole poem, clarify the context, and grasp the plot of the story.
Teaching process
First teaching hour
1. Arrange preview before class.
1. Use reference books and annotations to eliminate textual obstacles in poems.
2. Read the "Language and Context" section of "Unit Knowledge and Training". Clarify:
① Understand the meaning of the statement in conjunction with the context.
② Form an overall understanding of the context content.
③ Make an in-depth understanding based on the historical background related to the work.
2. Guide students to read the "preview tips".
1. Additional introduction:
"Yuefu" was originally a music institution established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Its duty is to collect folk songs or literati poems to music for the imperial court. The poems it collected and compiled were later called "Yuefu Poems" or simply "Yuefu Poems".
"New Odes of Yutai" was compiled and selected by Xu Ling of the Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. It is the earliest collection of ancient poems after the "Book of Songs" and "Chu Ci".
2. Students read the "preview tips" silently and think about the problem.
① Looking at the development of poetry from the perspective of expression, what is the difference between "The Peacock Flies Southeast" and "The Book of Songs" and "She Jiang"? ("The Book of Songs" and "She Jiang" are lyric poems, and "Peacock Flies Southeast" is a narrative poem.)
②What is the theme of this poem? (See "Preview Tips") How does the author express the theme? (By shaping the characters of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi) From what aspects does the work mainly depict the characters? (Twisted storyline, personalized character dialogue.)
The main difference between narrative poetry and lyric poetry is that in lyric poetry, the author directly uses scenes (or objects) to express emotions. Narrative poetry uses the characters created by the storyline to express the author's thoughts and feelings and express the theme of the poem. Let us follow the clue of narrative poetry to express the theme and read this long narrative poem. Ancient poetry also often combines lyricism with narrative.
3. Interpretation of words. When students read this poem, it is easy for students to have ambiguities in their understanding of the following three categories of words. Teachers need to enlighten and summarize so that students can draw inferences.
1. Different meanings in ancient and modern times.
Students complete Question 4 of "Thinking and Practicing", and the teacher gives guidance.
Clearly: the ancient meaning of this type of word is very different from its current meaning. If the ancient meaning and the modern meaning are confused, ambiguity will arise.
2. The word has multiple meanings.
①Students use the reference book to complete question 5 of "Thinking and Practice".
②The teacher gives guidance and summarizes.
③ Instruct students to find sentences with the word "phase" from the text in addition to "Thinking and Practicing" question 5, and then give them phonetic notation, explanation, and classification.
This type of words has different pronunciations and meanings in different language environments. We can start by analyzing the language environment to determine the meaning and pronunciation of the word.
3. Partial meaning compound words.
Two words with related or opposite meanings are used together as one word. In fact, only the meaning of one word is taken, and the other word is only used as a foil.
Example.
4. Understand the plot of the whole poem and then master the structure.
1. According to the clues of the plot development, divide the whole poem into 5 parts, and give each part a subtitle.
Part 1 (paragraphs 1-2) Lanzhi’s private prosecution begins to reveal contradictions
Part 2 (paragraphs 3-12) The alliance vows to develop and promote contradictions
Part 3 (paragraphs 13-22) Forced to remarry and continue to develop and push forward the conflict
Part 4 (paragraphs 24-32) The climax of the two dying in love and the conflict reaches its peak
Part 5 ( Paragraph 33) The ending of Yuanyang Harmony resolves the conflict
The title can summarize the content, and there is no need to insist on uniformity.
2. On the basis of analyzing the development of the plot, let students retell the content of the whole poem.
Requirements: Grasp the main plot and retell it to avoid procrastination.
3. Summarize the content and introduce the plot in the shortest possible words.
Clear: The "preface" at the beginning of the poem is the most summary and concise introduction to the content of the whole poem. (The teacher will explain based on the "Preface")
5. Analyze the content of the text by raising doubts, analyzing doubts, and clarifying doubts, so that students can understand the commonly used expression techniques of Han Yuefu: Fu, Bi, and Xing.
1. The first two sentences of this poem (paragraph 1) are outside the plot. Can they be deleted? Why?
Clearly: cannot be deleted. This is a commonly used rising technique in folk songs. It creates a lingering and loving mood for the whole poem, and also has the function of framing the whole poem and leading to the following.
2.①The second paragraph talks about the age of 13 to 17. Is it too cumbersome to go through it one by one? How does it relate to the development of the plot?
Clear: not cumbersome. This is a presentation technique called "fu".
The writing here is concise and layered, intended to emphasize that Lanzhi has been smart, capable, versatile, and well-educated since she was a child, paving the way for Lanzhi's expulsion later, in order to arouse the sympathy of readers.
②Ask students to find words that use elaboration techniques from the poem.
Clearly: Paragraph 13 is a repetition of the second content, emphasizing that Lanzhi has been smart and well-educated since she was a child, but the narrative angle is changed, making the article appear inconsistent.
Paragraph 9 uses another elaboration to describe Lanzhi's farewell to "Yan Zhuang", which is intended to show Lanzhi's calm, calm and collected character before being expelled from the Jiao family. It not only highlights the "unparalleled exquisiteness in the world", but also provides a strong foundation for the marriage proposal of the son of the prefect below.
③The second paragraph makes a vertical presentation from the perspective of time (13 to 17 years old), while the ninth paragraph makes a horizontal presentation from the perspective of makeup, clothing, and posture. No matter what kind of presentation, it plays a positive role in shaping the characters and advancing the storyline.
The Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Sang" that the students learned in junior high school also uses horizontal elaboration when describing Qin Luofu's beauty.
3. In the poem, Jiao Zhongqing is compared to a rock twice, and Liu Lanzhi is compared to pampas grass. Does it seem cumbersome? How does this relate to the development of the plot?
Clearly: This metaphor comes from Liu Lanzhi’s mouth for the first time, indicating that Liu Lanzhi is loyal to love and will never change her heart. The second time was said by Jiao Zhongqing. He used this metaphor to ask Liu Lanzhi why he changed his original intention. It shows that there are misunderstandings and differences between the characters. These two metaphors are consistent with the development of the storyline and can add fuel to the flames, making the plot twists and turns, vivid and touching.
Summary: Fu, Bi and Xing are commonly used expression techniques in Yuefu poetry. It plays a positive role in promoting the storyline and shaping the characters. Therefore, we should pay attention to it when studying Yuefu poetry.
6. Assignments:
1. Analyze the pronunciation and meaning of the word "自" in different language environments.
2. Tell the story "The Peacock Flies Southeast" to your family.
Second teaching hour
Teaching focus
On the basis of understanding the content of the text, further explore the method of expressing the theme of narrative poetry and the ideological connotation of the work.
Teaching process
1. Combined with the context, understand "Huang Quan *** is a friend".
1. Connect with the context and understand the meaning of "the underworld is a friend".
Clearly: After revealing the conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, Jiao Zhongqing made it clear that he and Lanzhi would "bend their hair and sleep together, and be friends in the underworld", in order to plead with Jiao's mother. It shows Zhongqing's cherishment and loyalty to love.
2. Contact the full text to understand "the underworld is a friend".
Clearly: ①When he begged Jiao’s mother for mercy, Zhongqing expressed his determination to never be separated from Lanzhi: “We share the same pillow with our hair, and we will be friends in the underworld.”
②In Under the pressure of Jiao's mother - "Be careful not to keep her when you send her away!" Zhongqing expressed his firm belief: "If you send this woman away now, you will never get her again!"
③ Under Jiao's mother's pressure, Under pressure, Zhongqing still did not change his original intention, and still had a glimmer of hope for a happy life: "When I return soon, I will welcome you."
④ On the way to bid farewell to Lanzhi, Zhongqing still vowed: "I will return soon, and I swear that God will not fail me!"
⑤After learning the news that Lanzhi had remarried, the glimmer of hope was gone, and he resolutely said: "I am going to hell alone!"
⑥ Lanzhi is dead, what’s the point of living? So he - "hang himself on the southeast branch."
It can be seen that Jiao Zhongqing has always pursued a happy love life. All subsequent activities originated from "the underworld is a friend". It is conceivable that when he said this sentence, Jiao Zhongqing had already determined his purpose: if love is shattered, he will fight with death!
3. Combined with the historical background of the work, we can further understand "The Underworld is a Friend".
The story takes place in "Jian'an at the end of Han Dynasty". The background at that time was: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and only respected Confucianism." The Confucian ethical code gradually took over the dominant position and developed to a fairly complete and rigorous level.
In terms of the marriage system, there are clear rules and precepts such as "seven outs", "all parents in the world".
"Everyone in the world has their own parents." This is the root cause of the tragedy of Jiao and Liu. In the atmosphere of this era, under the pressure of Jiao's mother, Jiao Zhongqing dared to stand on Lanzhi's side and expressed his resolute attitude of "wedding hair and sharing the same bed with Lanzhi, and being friends in the underworld", which is really commendable. Faced with the feudal patriarchal system and feudal ethics stipulated by Confucianism, the flag of resistance raised by Jiao Zhongqing was undoubtedly a flash of lightning in the long night!
Summary: The more fully you understand the context, the richer the depth and breadth of your language understanding will be. Then, the higher our level of reading comprehension of the work will be.
2. Analyze the character image.
1. This is a long narrative poem. What two main characters are created? (Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi) From the above analysis of language and context, can we tell what kind of person Jiao Zhongqing is? (Loyal to love, passionate pursuit of a happy life, full of rebellious spirit towards feudal ethics and feudal patriarchal autocracy)
2. Try to analyze the image of Liu Lanzhi.
Liu Lanzhi is a smart, kind, labor-loving, emotional, and loyal person. She was fearless in the face of the tyranny and cruelty of feudal patriarchy. She is one of the glorious female images in Chinese classical literature.
3. Realism requires portraying typical characters in typical environments, so as to achieve the purpose of reflecting the essence of life. What kind of social reality can we see from Jiao and Liu? (Students discuss and then summarize.)
4. Students summarize the central idea of ??the poem. (Confirms the "preview tips")
3. Discuss the excellent traditions of ancient Chinese poetry.
If the folk songs in "The Book of Songs" are the source of my country's realistic poetry tradition, Qu Yuan's "She Jiang" has a strong romantic color. So, which category does "Peacock Flies Southeast" belong to?
Clearly: This poem is full of romanticism with a peacock getting up after losing its partner and ending with a mandarin duck flying together. In the middle, the love tragedy of Jiao and Liu is narrated, which mostly uses realistic description techniques. Looking at the whole text, the author combines the beginning, middle and tradition well to form a perfect artistic whole. This is a masterpiece that combines realism and romanticism.
4. Try to compare the three texts learned in this unit.
Clearly:
5. Summarize the issues that should be paid attention to when studying narrative poetry.
Narrative poems and lyric poems express their themes in different ways, and the learning methods should also be different.
Clearly:
1. Use annotations and reference books to eliminate textual obstacles in the poem.
2. Pay attention to language and context.
3. Understand the theme expressed by the image.
4. Appreciate the excellent tradition of ancient poetry.
6. Assignments:
1. Analyze the image of Brother Liu in Jiao’s mother and the typical significance of the character.
2. Analyze the personalized language characteristics and complete question 2 of "Thinking and Practice".
3. Use your imagination to expand paragraphs 9 to 12 with the title "Cherishing the Farewell".