Keywords: Zhang Jiping's "a night-mooring near maple bridge" Overview
I. Zhang Ji's life
There are always different opinions about the life of Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, but they are mainly concentrated in Zhong Guoben's A Preliminary Study of Poems of Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Huibin's A Revision of Zhang Ji's Life. These two papers mainly come from some poems of Zhang Ji and some collections of his friends, as well as some relatively simple articles about Zhang Ji's life recorded in past dynasties.
In Zhong Guoben's "A Preliminary Study of Poems of Tang Dynasty Poet Zhang Ji", Zhang Ji's life is also discussed in detail.
Zhang Ji's real name is Sun Yi, and there is no biography of "New and Old Tang Shu", so the year of birth and death cannot be tested. There are two different views on his native place in history: one thinks he is from Xiangzhou. For example, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Yi Wenzhi records "Zhang Jishi Volume" and "Xiangzhou People". Since then, Chronicle of Tang Poetry, Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty and Complete Poems of Tang Poetry all hold this view. The second is that he is from Nanyang. For example, Dugu in the Tang Dynasty and the preface to the lawyer of Qingyun Temple in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty (Volume 9 of Piling Collection and Volume 15 of Biography of Yifeng Temple in Yuhang in the Tang Dynasty) are all called "Nanyang Zhangji". Dugu is a contemporary and familiar with him, so his native place should be confirmed by Nanyang, Dengzhou.
Zhang Ji's life experience, Mr. Fu Xuancong made a detailed textual research in the Collection of Poets in Tang Dynasty, which can be basically summarized into three aspects: First, the period of English drama in Chang 'an. Twenty-five articles in Chronicle of Tang Poetry say that he is "the first scholar in Tianbao"; Three legends in Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty: "Yang Jun, assistant minister of Ritual Department in the 12th year of Tianbao". Both of them fully prove that Zhang Ji was admitted to the examination in Tianbao period of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty. At the same time, the poet Liu Changqing wrote a poem "The Covenant of Giving Zhang", which is called "the official position" in the poem, which may be the official title of Zhang Jizhong after he entered the Jinshi.
Second, wuyue's Luoyang tourism. According to Volume 18 of A Record of Britain, Yu Youqing was a record magistrate from the 13th year of Tianbao to the 2nd year of Zhide, and Zhang was in wuyue at this time. After the Anshi Rebellion, Zhang Ji ended his tourism career in wuyue and went to Luoyang in the west, and indirectly reflected the desolate scene after the Anshi Rebellion in his poems such as Subaima Temple and Luoyang Zuo Zuo.
Third, during Hongzhou's tenure in Wuchang. Huang Furan, a contemporary poet, has a poem "Reward". The preface of the poem says, "Take grandchildren, I am old and good, and only serve Wuchang"; At the end of the Dali period, Yuan Wailang, a member of the ancestral department, was assigned to Hongzhou. "As you can see, Zhang Jizeng worked in Wuchang and Hongzhou.
The date of Zhang Ji's death cannot be verified in detail. De Zongjian moved to Suizhou secretariat in his middle age, and Zhang Jizhu died in the last year of Dali.
In Wang Huibin's Revision of Zhang Jiping's Life, he thinks: Zhang Ji is a native of Xiangyang, Xiangzhou, and was appointed to Jiangnan in the thirteenth year of Tianbao; At the beginning of Dali period, Yuan Wailang checked the ancestral department; Dali spent five years in Runzhou with Huangfu Ran, Qi Changqing, Zou and others, and at one time wrote poems to send Zou to Henan to serve Wuchang.
In Liu Changqing's poem "Piling sent Zou to Henan as a judge", it is really debatable that he was a rent-free judge in Hongzhou for four or five years. In July of the third year of Dali, he went to Youzhou with Henan Deputy Marshal. At this time, it was the autumn of 2008, and Huang Furan was still in Luo Jing. There is also a poem "He Fan Shijun Dengrunzhou Tower" in Liu Changqing's collected works, which shows that he was also in Runzhou in the first month of the fifth to sixth year of Dali.
Zhang Duan's time as a scholar was the first, and there is no doubt that the new textual research "Tang Cai Ji" was designated as Tianbao for twelve years.
After Zhang Ji, he worked in Youqing shogunate or Huiji area. As far as the so-called "Taste of the Zuo Zhen Invalides Shogunate" or the word "Ji Hu" in the poem is concerned, Zhang and Dangdang were between the 13th year of Tianding and the 2nd year of Dede.
In the above, Zhang Ji's life is mainly defined from some literature records of the poet, Zhang Ji's poems and some of his travel notes, as well as some articles of Zhang Ji's friends. However, most of the textual research on Zhang Ji is still missing. As a result, many experts and scholars have different positions on him. Because the survey materials are the same and few, there are many identical discussions in most articles. For example, because Zhang Ji lived in Runzhou, Dali for five years, and sang with Huangfu Ran, Liu Changqing, Zou, etc., it would be a bit hasty to revise his life.
Second, an overview of Zhang Ji's poems.
Ji was an outstanding and neglected poet in the colorful Tang Dynasty. In the poetry collections of past dynasties, few poems were chosen as inheritors. What is more regrettable is that so far, there are few works about Zhang Ji and his poems.
As for Zhang Ji's other poems, Zhong Guoben's A Preliminary Study of Zhang Ji's Tang Poems is more detailed. In the whole Tang poetry, there are many poems written by Zhang Jishi, such as those written by Huang Furan and Dou Shuxiang. According to textual research, there are only about 38 poems belonging to Zhang Ji.
Zhang Ji's poetry creation is closely related to his personal experience. In his later years, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty lived a decadent life. Zhang Ji's poems came into being under such a background.
The reality makes it difficult for him to realize his ambition. When he was wandering in a foreign land to serve the country, he wrote down the feelings of "I can't ask the sky, I am also endowed with mystery" and the lonely feelings of "holding Longquan in loneliness and anger".
Some of his poems finally focused on the turbulent society at that time and expressed great concern for the people. For example:
The tiller draws boats from the building, and the spring grass is green. Try going to the Wumen to see the county pavilion. There are some new cigarettes in Qingming. -"The door is that thing."
See you when the white horse is empty and the monument is broken. The autumn wind rises in the rustling hut, and the sound of rain lingers all night. -Subaima Temple. The first part describes the broken scene of barren farmland and rural depression after the Zhan Liu Rebellion in Suzhou. Although the last poem mainly expresses the sadness of traveling, after the Anshi Rebellion, the house of Baima Temple was completely burned down, and the desolate scene of broken walls was everywhere, which is described in detail in this poem. Such as Broken Monument, Cottage, Autumn Wind, Empty Space, Residual Stripping and Sasha Vujacic. Through these words, we can feel the desolation of things being transformed, thus producing a deep feeling of "thinking".
Send judge Zou;
Qilu patrolled the land and used soldiers frequently this year. The woman stopped working in the city, and agriculture abandoned literature to support agriculture.
The emissary of this country went by boat, and the princes held festivals to welcome him. Benevolence helps the gentleman, while pity helps Li Meng.
The fire is still hot and the waves are not flat. We should ask Lu if he is reasonable.
This poem shows great concern for people in troubled times. In particular, "Qilu patrolled the land and used soldiers frequently this year." Reflected the ongoing war at that time. "Women stop squatting, and agricultural waste is cultivated in warm sunshine." It reflects the disaster and pain brought by the war to the people. The reflection of reality is much more profound and true. What is particularly commendable is that this poem shows great concern for the people in turbulent times. He hopes that the incoming Judge Zou will do his best to "help the gentleman with kindness and love the people", that is, help the gentleman with kindness and love the people with kindness. This is a valuable humanitarian spirit.
Vagrant poetry occupies a great weight in Zhang Ji's poems. Homesickness and homesickness have also become the themes that Zhang Ji often expresses. For example, thinking has become the theme of Zhang Jishi's poems, such as From Xiganqiao to Guayan Village, Late Huaiyang, Subaima Temple and so on, especially a night-mooring near maple bridge, which are all representative works in this respect. In these poems, the poet's homesickness, frustration and worries about travel are often intertwined, showing the poet's rich and complex inner world.
He thought more about many historical events and figures, and put his feelings and feelings about reality in the process of revisiting history. Therefore, Zhang Ji also wrote many poems about history, such as Experiencing Diaoyutai Mountain, Tomb of Hejian King, Shen Jun Temple in Spring, Huaqing Palace, Jinguyuan and so on.
Among them, the poem named "Yanling Yutai" regrets that he did not meet an emperor who thought and recruited sages like Emperor Guangwu summoned Yan Ziling; The poem "Spring Temple" shows admiration for Chun, who has helped the King of Chu for more than 20 years, and also expresses indignation at his humble position and unreasonable display of talent. In the poem "Offering the King's Tomb in Hejian", he expressed infinite regret for offering the king in Hejian, such as "forgetting the past", "seeking truth from facts", "asking more than 30 questions about Sanyong Palace and Zhao Ce" and "people who are not interested in elegant music have passed away" (Volume of Imperial Clans of Tongzhi, 78 words). His two poems "Jinguyuan" and "Huaqing Palace" satirize the shameful tragedy of Tang Xuanzong's indulgence by comparing the past and present of Jinguyuan and Huaqing Pool. In a word, this part of Zhang Ji's works satirizes the reality while grasping the past, expressing the author's distress that he can't display his talents in this world. This is a precious work in Zhang Ji's poetry.
In Zhang Ji's poems, there are several works of meditation and enlightenment, such as Wen 'an Palace Square Method and Filling the Dome of Fatai Temple in Shanxian County. Although they reflect some of the author's thoughts, they are of little value in general. Gao Zhongwu's Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty, Xin's Biography of Talented Talents in the Tang Dynasty and his poems say that "people have a way" generally refer to such works.
Looking through Zhang Ji's poems, we can easily find that there are some images in Zhang Ji's poems, which endow his poems with a sad color. Such as cold dew, fallen leaves, cold wind, fallen flowers, twilight, lonely city, declining year, cool autumn, cold smoke, sobs, loneliness and residual flowers. Expressing emotion with intention is not only a major feature of Zhang Ji's poems, but also a favorite technique used by poets in past dynasties.
Zhang Ji's poems pay special attention to artistic forms and techniques, and his poetic techniques are neat and round. His quatrains are not only numerous, but also universal. Fang of A Qing Dynasty said: "The seven laws are the most mature." (Zhao Wei Zhan Yan) points out the standardization and neatness of Dali poets' poems, including Zhang Ji. In Zhang Ji's poems, words and sentences are also carefully chosen.
Zhang Ji galloped in the field of ancient poetry because of a a night-mooring near maple bridge, but his other poems were little known. Of course, this is also caused by too little circulation and preservation of his poems. Most of his poems express the feelings of traveling and homesickness; There is also the feeling of historical sites, the rise and fall of history. However, the discussion on the artistic characteristics of his poems is similar, and most articles only talk about the images of poems, such as the blending of scenes and feelings, borrowing scenery to express feelings and so on. These are all about the art of poetry from the perspective of images. Lack of integration of philosophical thinking and literary philosophy, that is, it is only a perceptual thinking. There are many studies on the forms and techniques of poetry, but in this respect, the most studied is A Night's Stay Near Fengqiao, and other poems are relatively few or none.
Third, the summary of night parking near Fengqiao.
When it comes to Zhang Ji, people can't help but think of his a night-mooring near maple bridge, so the comments on a night-mooring near maple bridge are deep or shallow, long or short.
In Zhang Ji's poems, the poet's homesickness, frustration and travel worries are all vividly expressed. For example, a night berth near Fengqiao: "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, passenger ships are ringing at midnight. " This poem was written when the poet wandered about Wu. The poet combined the sunset, the crow's crow, the falling autumn frost and the lights on the fishing boat. These autumn scenery on the river naturally create a sleepless atmosphere for those who are worried about the boat. The bell of Hanshan Temple reaches the boat in the middle of the night, which makes the people who are worried about the boat feel lonely. At that time, the poet had no official and was white, but he didn't want to live in seclusion, hoping to make suggestions for the court and save the people in from the mire. However, in the dark ages, it is difficult for poets to get what they want. When he wanders around Hanshan Temple for one night, he will be full of emotions and thoughts, and with the stirring of the bells of Hanshan Temple, he will create a night berth near Fengqiao, which will be a masterpiece forever. Zhong Guoben's view in "A Preliminary Study of Poems by Zhang Ji, a Poet in Tang Dynasty" is that the worries expressed in the poems are related to his thoughts of worrying about the country and the people. His thought reflects the sharp contradiction between his ideal and reality, and reveals the grievances and injustices of intellectuals who are determined not to be employed in feudal society, which has certain cognitive value.
"The setting moon shakes the cold mountain bell-a poetic description of Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge", which is an article with a bit of prose flavor. Author Lu Jiaming understands the poet's emotional world from his wasted life. From the social background, we can understand the poet's sadness and loneliness. In the poetry of a night-mooring near maple bridge, the author mainly transforms the poet's vicissitudes into a picture of aesthetic consciousness by means of "borrowing scenery", and its poetry should be discussed from the transformation of vision and hearing. In poetry, the observation scenes of different colors, such as distance, height, movement, warmth and coldness, spread out in a layered way, sublimated the poet's thoughts and feelings, and had an aesthetic and imaginative impact on readers.
In the article "Singing with Charm and Artistic Conception", Ding Shu still appreciates poetry from the perspective of music. Using the vividness of words, the charm of songs, the accompaniment of songs and the melody of voices to analyze the harmony of poetic scenes conforms to the requirements of the charm and artistic conception of songs. The difference between this article and other articles is that it is enjoyed by music.
Jin Xinxin analyzed and compared Jiangfeng, Hanshan Temple, Qiao Feng and Yuhuo in a night-mooring near maple bridge. Starting with the artistic conception, color and poet's emotion of poetry, this paper analyzes the proper combination of words and scenery. Jin Xinxin also looks for the fusion of these words from the poet's background and life.
Generally speaking, scholars' research on Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge is mainly carried out from two aspects: several scenic words in the poem and the poet's emotion, all of which demonstrate the role of artistic conception in poetry, especially in the poet's emotion. There are also some articles that are studied from the words in poetry. That is, why this word is used instead of other words, where are the sources of these words, what is the relationship between these words and the poet's mood, and so on. There are many methods to discuss a night-mooring near maple bridge from the aesthetic point of view, such as aesthetic consciousness, but there are few or no methods to analyze poetry from the philosophical point of view, especially using modern and contemporary western philosophical theories. Not to mention Zhang Ji's poems, even China's ancient poems are rare.
References:
(1) Zhong Guoben's A Preliminary Study on the Poetry of Tang Dynasty Poet Zhang Ji, Journal of Liaocheng Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), No.5, 2000.
(2) Wang Huibin's revision of Zhang Jiping's Life, Journal of Huainan Teachers College, Vol.4, No.4, 2002 (No.4 16).
(3) Notes on textual research of Jin Xinxin's Night Sleeping by Fengqiao Journal of west anhui university No.6, 19, June 2003.
(4) Ding Shu also sang Ode to Charm and Artistic Conception in Shenzhen University.
(5) Lu Jiaming's "Falling Moon Rocks the Cold Mountain Bell-Poetic Description of Zhang Ji's Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge", Journal of Suzhou Institute of Education, Vol.22,No. 1, March 2005.