In ancient Chinese poetry, word refining is an important means for poets to improve their poetry taste. These most concise and vivid words are often the "poetic eye" of a poem and the main theme of the whole poem. Paying attention to word refining can be said to be as old as the history of poetry creation. The folk song of the Southern Dynasties "Mingxia Children's Song": "When walking on the front slope of the horse, stones will hit the horseshoes. I will not hesitate to hit the horseshoes, but I will cherish the horse." The word "play" is full of ink, which is refreshing and is consistent with what later generations called "poetry". Eyes" are no different.
Poets of the Tang and Song Dynasties consciously paid attention to refining their words. Therefore, ancient Chinese poets had a lot of emotions about refining characters. Lao Du "revised new poems and recited them himself"; Meng Jiao "studied at night without rest, chanting about the sorrows of ghosts and gods"; Du Xunhe "the hard-working poets in the world are the poorest people in the world"; Lu Yanrang "reciting a word 'an will break several stems" Jia Dao's "Two sentences are obtained in three years, and one chant brings tears to the eyes." If the calligraphy is well refined, it will become a poetic eye, and even a famous line will be passed down through the ages.
There is also such a famous story about Shiyan. One day during the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and the monk Foyin went to the West Lake to play together. On the wall of a nearby temple, they found a poem "On the Rain in Qujiang" written by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty. When the four of them read the sentence "Lin Hua Yu Rouge", they all got stuck on the last word. It turns out that the last word of this sentence fell off due to mold and mildew over time. So Su Shi and Huang Tingjian discussed what the last word should be.
The four poets competed to complement each other in order to show their talents. The lively Su Dongpo thought about it for a moment and started by saying: "The flowers in the forest are raining and the rouge is moist." The mature and steady Huang Tingjian then added: "The flowers in the forest are raining and the rouge is old." Qin Guan, a weak scholar, guessed: "The flowers are in the forest and the rouge is old." "The rain is tender and the rouge is tender"; finally it was Foyin's turn. He changed the previous three and smiled: "The forest flowers are raining and the rouge is falling." The four people each added a word, but later they found Du Fu's original poem. A comparison revealed that no one was correct! Du's poem was originally "The forest flowers are wet with rouge in the rain, and the water lilies are carried by the wind and grow green."
This anecdote from the poetry garden spread like wildfire and became an interesting talk. A bachelor tasted it carefully and sighed: "Although the four poetic talents did not make up for the 'poetry eye', they gave them their own spiritual outlook: the word 'run' reflects Su Dongpo's 'life' and full of interest; the word 'old' It illustrates the "old" spirit of Huangshan Valley; the word "nen" represents Qin Guan's sick temperament; the word "Luo" symbolizes the miserable life experience of monk Foyin. They are all passed down in one word. '! "
However, it is generally believed that Huang Tingjian, Su Dongpo, Qin Guan and Foyin are not as accurate as Du Fu. The poet's poem "Spring Rain in Qujiang" describes the desolation of Chang'an after the Anshi Rebellion. The "moist" and "tender" colors are bright and inconsistent with the situation; flowers in the rain do not necessarily "fall", nor do they necessarily "age". Du Fu's "wet" character describes the dimness of Chang'an's colors, the depression of its scenes, and the sadness of its mood, making it more authentic and simple!
Qujiang is an important theme in Du Fu's Chang'an poems. Before the Anshi Rebellion, he used the theme of a banquet in Qujiang to satirize Zhu Yang's extravagance and debauchery. During his time in exile, he sneaked into Qujiang to express his profound feelings about the rise and fall of the past and present. After the chaos was over, most of the poems expressed the desolation and loneliness in strong and beautiful sentences, expressing deep sadness and indignation.
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