The uncle is humble, the state is jealous1. Bo Ye held the title of Shu and was the forerunner of the king2. From the east of Bo, the head is like a flying canopy. Is there no anointing? Who is suitable for Rong 4! It's raining, it's raining, and the sun is rising 5. I would like to speak to Sibo and be willing to suffer from the disease 6! How can I get the weeds and talk about the back of the tree? I would like to say Sibo. Makes me heartbroken8! Notes: 1. Bo: The title of the eldest brother is also the title used by wives in the Zhou Dynasty to their husbands, which is equivalent to the current elder brother and eldest brother. 朅 (sound cut qie): a mighty look. Jie (yinjie jié): Tongjie, a person with outstanding intelligence. 2. Shu (yin Shu shū): an ancient bamboo or wooden weapon, one or two feet long, with a shuttle but no blade. Pioneer: that is, vanguard, vanguard. 3. Peng: herbaceous plant. The leaves are slender and scattered, and the stems are dry and easy to break, whirling in the wind. 4. Mu: wash your hair. One theory refers to rice juice, which ancient people used to wash their hair. Suitable: Just say but. One talks about joy and joy. Appearance: modify appearance. 5. Gaogao (pronounced gǎo): describes the appearance of light. 6. Wish: I miss you so much. A state of contemplation. 7. Hemerocallis (pronounced xuān): Same as Hemerocallis fulva, commonly known as forget-me-not grass. The ancients believed that this grass can make people forget their sorrows. Back: Gutongbei. One said it refers to a small clay basin. 8. 痗 (pronounced mei mèi, also pronounced regret huǐ): sadness, sadness. Translation: Brother, you are so mighty, the hero of our country. The elder brother held the ban and charged into battle for the king. Ever since my brother went to the East, my hair has become as messy as swaying fluffy grass. It’s not that there is no hair oil. Who cares about modifying their appearance? Hope it rains, hope it rains, the sun will shine brightly. I think about my brother so much that it gives me a headache. Where can I find forgetwort? Plant it to the north. Thinking about my brother makes me heartbroken and sad. Boy Xi: The woman misses her husband, Boy Xi, who is on an expedition in the army, and the country is Jie Xi. Bo also died and became the king's pioneer. From the east of Bo, the head is like a flying canopy. Is there no anointing? Who can tolerate it! It rains, it rains, and the sun rises. I wish to speak to Sibo and be willing to be ill. How can I get the weed? Behind the tree of words. I would like to say Sibo. Makes me heartbroken. Translation: My brother is so brave. There are many heroes in our country. My brother holds a stick in his hand and serves as the vanguard in the king's battles. Going from my brother to the east, my hair was matted. If there is any shortage of balm or balm, who should I beautify? It seems like I am looking forward to rain every day, and the sun is like a brazier every day. If I only think about my brother, why not have an unbearable headache? Where to find forgetwort? Move it to Beitang for me. I only think about my brother, and I am so sick that I can't let go. Note 1. Bo: Or a man’s cousin. A woman can also call her lover "uncle" or "uncle". "朅(cowardly)": See the notes of "Shuo Ren". 2. Jie (jié): Its original meaning is outstanding appearance, and its extended meaning is Yingjie. 3. Shu (shu): the name of the weapon, a staff, one or two feet long, made of bamboo. 4. Forerunner: guiding from the front. 5. Peng: the name of grass. There are dozens of branches on a stem of fluffy grass. There are immature branches on the branches and densely arranged thin leaves. The back of the branch is often broken near the root, and is swept up and whirled by the wind, so it is called "flying canopy". This sentence means that the hair is more messy than the hair. 6. Cream: refers to the oil that moisturizes hair. 7. Shi (Di dí): Joy. Who is suitable for appearance: Who are you trying to please by modifying your appearance? 8. Gaogao: bright appearance. The above two sentences mean that when I look forward to rain, I think: Let it rain! Let it rain! The sun appears again, which is a metaphor for hoping that the husband will come home but the husband does not come back. 9. Wish words: Still "wish to be true", meditating on the appearance. 10. Disease: Still "painful". Willing to suffer from the first illness: Even though I have a headache, I am willing to do so. 11. Xuan (Xuan xuān): forget. Trichosanthes: It is an imaginary grass that makes people forget. Later generations called Hemerocallis fulva the same pronunciation as "萱". 12. Tree: verb, plant. Back: Ancient Chinese characters have the same character as "北". The "back" here refers to the Beitang, or back court, which is under the northern steps of the back room. The above two sentences mean that there is no weed in the world for me to plant in Beitang? In other words, it is impossible to forget what is on your mind. 13. 痗 (mei, also pronounced as regret huǐ): illness, sadness. War destroys many things, but the first thing it destroys is the family life of soldiers themselves. Before the soldiers reach the battlefield, their wives are already left in loneliness and fear. Their remembrance is not ordinary remembrance, it is always full of uneasiness and worry. Waiting for their husbands to return from the war has almost become the only meaningful content in their lives. However, war is always inevitable. No matter how necessary an ongoing war is and whether it can be judged as "just," the group engaged in the war and its leaders must always encourage the members of the group to make the greatest efforts and the greatest effort for it. sacrifice. The country gives honor to soldiers, making them think that their efforts and sacrifices are worth it; this honor will also affect their families-especially their wives, making them think that the destruction of family life and their own pain are valuable and meaningful. of. Therefore, poems about wives who miss their husbands who serve in the army usually contain two aspects: being proud of their husbands - this pride comes from the country and the rewards from the group; missing and worrying about their husbands - this emotion comes from personal feelings. heart. "Bo Xi" is a typical poem of this kind. At the beginning of the poem, we see a woman describing her husband with pride. "Bo" is originally the first among brothers, that is, the eldest. Here it is used as the wife's name for her husband (so we translate it as "eldest brother"), with a sense of intimacy in the tone. ——This situation is still common in modern ballads.
Why is this husband worthy of pride? On the one hand, he looks majestic and is a hero of the country. At the same time, because he is very brave, he serves as the vanguard of the king (from this, the status of "bo" is considered to be a warrior in the aristocratic class). The main source of pride is probably the latter point. If the "uncle", although tall and heroic, shrinks back when a war breaks out, the wife has nothing to openly boast about. ——In fact, the glory that ordinary people know is the glory that society recognizes. Individuals do not have much ability to make independent judgments in this regard. Turning to the second chapter, it is written that since the husband went off to war, the wife no longer dressed herself up at home, letting her hair - the most decorative part of a woman's body - become as messy as a patch of grass. This later became the most typical expression method in ancient Chinese love poems, such as "Since the king came out, the bright mirror and darkness cannot be cured" (Xu Qian's "Shisi"), "I am tired and combing my clothes all day long" (Liu Yong's "Ding Fengbo"), "Get up and comb your hair in a leisurely manner" (Li Qingzhao's "Reminiscences of Playing the Flute on the Phoenix Stage") and so on, there are too many to mention. This temporary destruction of a woman's beauty shows her closedness to the opposite sex, which also shows her loyalty to her husband. However, as a military wife, this move has further implications. In ancient times, women were not allowed to go to the battlefield, so a wife's loyalty to her husband who joined the army indirectly expressed her loyalty to the country - this was not only an individual behavior, but also a requirement of the group - the country. Just imagine, suppose a soldier is risking his life to fight on the front line, but his wife is dressing up in the rear all day long, going from house to house, even if there is no foul play, can he feel at ease? This is not only dangerous for the family, but also extremely detrimental to the country. Therefore, society especially needs to encourage military wives to show complete fidelity to their husbands. No matter who wrote this poem (it may be a woman's self-narration, or it may be written by someone else), this way of writing meets the above requirements. Later, in Du Fu's "Wedding Farewell", a bride said to her husband who was serving in the army that "I will no longer wear roux" and that she would "wash off the red makeup as a king" so that he could go to the battlefield with peace of mind, which is in the same vein as this article. However, although the heroine in the poem can be regarded as "understanding the righteousness" and she is very proud of her husband for being "a pioneer for the king", her long-term expectations still bring her great pain. For ancient women, the entire content of life and the only source of happiness was the family; if the family was destroyed, their lives would be completely destroyed. As for the husband who is waiting to join the army, this is different from the ordinary separation and lovesickness - there is a deep fear behind it. Pan Yue's "Ode to a Widow" uses this poem as an allusion, saying: "The poet sighs, but only wants to speak but feels distressed... The glory and splendor are beginning to flourish, and the beloved suddenly points to his back." It is revealed in the poem. It is not written from the front, but it is indeed hidden under the words, the fear that the husband will not come back in the end. Knowing this, we can truly understand the heroine's expectations, disappointments, and insurmountable pain described in chapters three and four. She even hopes that she can "forget her worries" because this "worry" has made her unbearable. Poems must have real feelings, otherwise they cannot move people; but poets' feelings cannot be expressed freely, as they are often restricted by social concepts. Take "Bo Xi" as an example. If you only write about the wife being proud of her husband for serving the country, it will make people feel unnatural - or at least unreasonable. On the contrary, if you only write about the wife's expectations for her husband, it will make people feel unnatural. It even developed into aversion to war (this is by no means impossible in fact), but it did not meet the requirements of the society at that time. So in the end it became what we read: strong feelings for loved ones softened by a sense of responsibility, with deep pain and sorrow, but no fierce resentment. Since the social background involved in this poem has existed for a long time in Chinese history, its emotional expression has become a model for similar types of poetry in later generations. Regarding the title of this article, the "Preface to Mao's Poems" explains: "It is also a time of assassination. It is said that a gentleman performs services and is a pioneer for the king. He does not rebel when the time comes (the same as "return")." This means: Ideal politics should not use The people of the country engaged in excessive military service, which destroyed their family life. The actual so-called "thorn" has no basis in the poem, but the Confucian political ideals expressed by the author are in line with the wishes of the heroine in the poem.