Flowers are not flowers
Author: Bai Juyi
Flowers are not flowers, fog is not fog.
come at midnight and go at dawn.
it's like a dream of spring, and
it's like going to the clouds without finding a place.
Note:
1. Chaoyun: This is an allusion borrowed from King Xiang of Chu's dream of the goddess of Wushan. Preface to Song Yu's "Gao Tang Fu": My concubine is in the sun of Wushan, the maggot of the high hill, facing the clouds, raining at dusk, facing the sun, and under the balcony.
Translation:
Like a flower is not a flower, like a fog is not a fog,
It comes at midnight and leaves at dawn.
It's like a short and beautiful spring dream when you come, and it's like a cloud in the morning when you leave.
Appreciation:
Bai Juyi's poems are not only famous for their simple language, but also for their artistic conception. This flower is not a flower, but it smells rather hazy, which is indeed a special case in white poetry.
The poem takes the first three words as the title, which is almost untitled. The first two sentences should be read as flowers are not flowers, fog is not fog, which gives people an unpredictable feeling first. Non-flower and non-fog are negative, but they contain a self-evident premise: like flowers, like fog. Therefore, it can be said that these are two clever metaphors. Su Dongpo seems to get a little inspiration from here, and wrote a famous sentence like a flower but not a flower, and no one regrets falling from teaching ("Shui Long Yin"). What Su Ci chanted was willow catkins, but what Bai Shi chanted was not obvious. However, from midnight to dawn, we can see that the metaphor here is flowers and fog, for example, the things sung are fleeting and difficult to last long.
Just looking at midnight and leaving at dawn makes readers suspect that they are talking about dreams. But from the next sentence, it is like a dream of spring, which shows that it is not. The dream turned out to be a match. Here, the word "come" and "go" play a connecting role in sound and emotion, which gives birth to two fresh metaphors. People who come in the middle of the night have a spring dream, which is beautiful but short-lived, so it leads to the question: how long will it last? When you see it in the morning, it's sunny. Although it's beautiful, it's easy to be disillusioned, so it leads to a sigh: it's like going to the clouds without finding a place.
Poetry consists of a series of metaphors, which are called metaphors. They are closely linked, like clouds and water, and naturally written. Repeatedly highlight an unexplained metaphor with a vivid image. There are many examples of how to make good use of metaphors in poems, such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems" (bright moon and bright night), where there is a fight in the south and the morning glory bears the yoke, and "Jade Case", where Yichuan tobacco, the wind and the plums are raining yellow. However, these metaphors are just a part of poetry, and it is rare to use metaphors throughout this poem. Furthermore, in the previous case, the astrology such as Nanji, Beidou and Petunia was used as a comparison, which meant that it was no good to say goodbye to your name. In the latter case, the images of tobacco, wind catkins and plum rains are compared, and the metaphors are all clear. And this poem only sees the metaphor (used as a metaphor) and doesn't know the metaphor, just like a mystery that endures people's thinking. Thus, the artistic conception of the poem will be covered with a hazy color.
even so, the poetry of this poem is not completely obscure and unpredictable. It was compiled by the author in the department of concentrated sentimentality, and there are works with similar emotional appeal in the same department. The first is "Tomb of the True Mother", which reads: Frost destroys peaches, plums and winds, and the true mother was still a teenager when she died. Fat skin and fat hands are not strong, and it is difficult to stay in the world. Difficult to stay, easy to sell, Saibei flower, Jiangnan snow. The other is "Poems on Bamboo Slips", in which it is written that frost kills peach blossoms in February, and they want to marry next year and die this year. Most of the good things are not firm, and the colorful clouds are easy to break and the glass is broken. Both poems are mourning works. The metaphors in their last sentences, especially the flowers in Saibei and the colorful clouds that are easy to break, are almost exactly the same as those in the last two sentences of this poem, and even the sounds and feelings are forced to die. They all show a kind of life. The poem "Flowers Are Not Flowers" is closely compiled after "Poems on Bamboo Slips", which tells readers a piece of news about this poem's return to interest. This poem was written for the same purpose at the same time as "The Songs of Jane".
This poem uses the form of alternation of three sentences and seven sentences (this is the flexible use of the three-three-seven sentence pattern of folk songs at that time), and it has both rhythmic put in order and intricate beauty, which is very similar to the later poem. Therefore, later generations actually adopted this verse method as the tone of words, and took flowers as the tone name. One of the great changes in the content of the May 7th Poem is that Ci is more inclined to the expression of people's inner mood. At this point, this poem is also similar to the word. It is natural that this kind of poem is like a small word, which appeared in the pen of Bai Juyi, a poet who was engaged in ci writing earlier in the Tang Dynasty. Buy flowers
The imperial city is in the twilight of spring, and it is bustling with cars and horses.
*** When you say peony, go with me to buy flowers.
the price is changeable, and the reward depends directly on the number of flowers.
burning a hundred red flowers, pressing five bundles of elements.
put up a curtain and weave a fence to protect it.
after water is sprinkled and covered with mud, the color remains the same.
every family is accustomed to custom, and everyone is puzzled.
There is a Tian She Weng who occasionally comes to buy a flower shop.
bow your head and sigh alone. This sigh is self-evident.
a cluster of dark flowers is blessed by ten people.
Appreciation of works
① Dark flowers: refers to dark peony. ② Middle-income tax: the tax paid by middle-income families. The tax system in the Tang Dynasty was divided into upper households, middle households and lower households according to the number of people's property. ③ Buying flowers: According to Li Zhao's Supplement to National History, "Peony has been visited in Beijing for more than 3 years. Every spring evening, horses and chariots are crazy, planting for profit, and each book has tens of thousands of people." The original poem is a five-character ancient poem. These two sentences mean that a bunch of colorful peony flowers cost enough to cover the tax paid by ten middle-class families. Sharp reveals that the luxurious and decadent life of "expensive tour in Beijing" is built on the cruel exploitation of working people. The exposure is profound, ironic and pungent, and has profound social significance.
-Quoted from Appreciation of All Poems of Tang Dynasty, tshjj.yeah.net/
Li Zhao, who is at the same time as Bai Juyi, said in Supplement to the History of Tang Dynasty: "The capital has been expensive to visit, and it has been a peony for more than 3 years. Every spring evening, if the horses and chariots are crazy, it is a shame not to spend time playing. Holding gold to call the temples outside the palace and planting them for profit, one book is worth tens of thousands. " This poem reveals some essential aspects of social contradictions through the description of "buying peony flowers in the capital" and shows a theme with profound social significance. The genius of the poet lies in that he found an "Tian She Weng" that others turned a blind eye to from the place where he bought flowers, which triggered his inspiration and completed his original artistic conception.
the whole poem is divided into two paragraphs. "Everyone is lost" above fourteen sentences, writing about your expensive trip to Beijing to buy flowers; In the following six sentences, write Tian She Weng and buy flowers.
at the beginning, use "Emperor City" to point the place and "Spring is dying" to point the time. When "spring is approaching dusk", the countryside is not connected with green and yellow, and farming is doubly busy, while the Chang 'an City where the emperor and his courtiers are located is busy with "buying flowers". "Noisy" belongs to hearing; "Horse-riding degree" belongs to vision. In the form of "noisy", the scenes of men jumping over women, laughing and cheering are displayed at the same time as the pictures of cars and horses filling the streets and swallowing lanes, which is really a combination of sound and sound. The following "* * * peony, buy flowers with each other" is a supplementary description of "noisy". When borrowing a car, people immediately tell each other in unison, and the pen is quite clever.
The scene of writing "Buy Flowers" in these four sentences paves the way for writing "Buy Flowers at a High Price and Carefully Move Flowers" below. Then there are these rich and idle people who drive around and spend money on flowers and flowers. "Burning a hundred red flowers, pressing five bunches of vegetarian food", a red peony with a hundred flowers is worth as much as twenty-five silks, and how expensive it is! Then, it is self-evident that "put a curtain on it, weave a fence next to it, sprinkle water and seal it with mud, and move it to the same color", and its treasure is no different from jewelry.
The above is only an objective description, and it is not until "everyone is puzzled" that the author's tendency is revealed; However, the exact meaning of "ignorance" remains to be further clarified. Some of Bai Juyi's satirical poems often make sense and comment abstractly at the end. This poem avoids this situation. When he witnessed these fanatical flower buyers spending money like water, and gave out the feeling that "everyone is obsessed", he suddenly found a "Tian She Weng" who came to buy flowers occasionally from the hungry and cold countryside, saw him bow his head and heard him sigh. This extremely bright and strong contrast reveals the essence of social life at that time. The poet lost no time in taking a close-up shot of "bowing his head and sighing alone", and dug out all the subtext from the expression of "bowing his head" and the sound of "sighing": just buying a bunch of "burning hundreds of red" dark flowers will squander the tax grain of ten middle-class families! This epigram makes readers suddenly realize that the "Tian She Weng" who looks after flowers is actually the one who pays for them! By extension, these "noble" flower buyers, food, clothing, housing and transportation, do not all come from the "taxes" squeezed from the working people! With the help of "Tian She Weng", the poet sharply reflected the contradiction between exploitation and exploitation. It is very valuable to dare to write people's voices with your own poetry creation. Tung flower
Bai Juyi Tung flower
Spring season is frequent, and Qingming Tung originates.
in this gorge, tung blossoms in October?
what is the physical change? Belief is the best thing to do.
the earth's atmosphere is counter-friendly, but the weather is killing.
a strong plant is hard to seize.
when the weather is uneven, the glory and withering will be good.
I'm human in the north, and I can't tolerate the heat in the south.
when you live a long life, you can have a good time.
Appreciation
Bai Juyi Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a Han nationality, was born in Xinzheng (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou), Henan Province. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, a famous and far-reaching poet and writer in the history of China literature. His poems have a wide range of themes, various forms, simple and popular language, and are known as poets and poets. Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. There is a collection of Bai's Changqing handed down from generation to generation, and the representative poems are Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Trip and so on. The memorial hall of Bai Juyi's former residence is located in the suburb of Luoyang. Baiyuan (Bai Juyi's Tomb) is located at Pipa Peak in the south of Luoyang. Answer "Tung Flower"
Bai Juyi answers "Tung Flower"
There are many luxuriant mountains and trees, so the tung is unique and graceful. The leaves are heavy and the clouds are blue, and the flowers are purple Xia Ying.
It was March, with warm spring and sunny days in Shan Yu. The night is shallow to the moon, and the fragrance is light with the wind.
there are many merchants who travel, while those who live know Li Meng. No one appreciates love, and there is a guest alone.
Climb the flowers with your hands and stand upright. There is no place for pity, and death wants to raise its voice.
cut it into a piano of the son of heaven and carved it into an ancient human figure. The cloud treats me as a tool and recommends it to Mu Qing.
sincerity is a gentleman's heart, but I'm afraid it's not a grass feeling. Hu loves his China and hurts his life.
it's better to have no gods than an old turtle with a gut. The cock cut off his tail and was unwilling to sacrifice.
this is a good color, and the flowers are purple and Ye Qingqing. It is appropriate to follow the nature of heaven and earth and endure the punishment of knife and axe.
I miss Li Ding five times and get into Jiuchong City. When the monarch is planted in the main hall, the flowers and leaves give birth to light crystals.
the upper part is opposite to the mid-moon laurel, and the lower part is the front part. Pan-blowing incense burner smoke, hidden axe algae screen.
spread green shade for the monarch, and be the shade of summer. Heavy green ground, peaches and plums dare not fight.
send a clear rhyme for you, and the wind will come like knocking on Qiong. Zheng Wei didn't listen to the loud voices.
thanks to your patronage, you don't just spit out fragrance. Help the monarch to make a spring order, and blossom in Enigmatic.
thanks to your rain and dew, you are not only proud. No kidding, Jie Ye Feng brothers.
thanks to your years of service, it is not wholly owned. Grow tall branches for the monarch, and the phoenix will sing above.
long live the Ming emperor, and he will live as long as a mountain. Once again, ten thousand people will be Thai, and the Thai order will be flat.
how can this be useful? You are stuck in the rock. Time goes by, and you sit alone and wither.
please write your name on the tung branch for the rest of the question. When I have power, I will move to offer Danting.