Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" has five poems in one poem, and this is the third of them. On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral labor and the idea of ??retreating to the mountains and forests; but comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has a special connotation.
At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass. These two sentences are written about planting beans under the Nanshan Mountains. The grass is very lush but the bean seedlings are sparse. The sentence starts very plainly, like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very friendly. Although the author aspired to the countryside, the results of his labor were not satisfactory when he first returned. The crops were not growing well and there were not as many bean sprouts as there was grass. On the one hand, this is because the land is barren and barren, overgrown with weeds, vast and sparsely populated, and difficult to eradicate; on the other hand, it also shows that he is not good at labor. A feudal scholar-bureaucrat, a county magistrate who has just left his official position, has neither farming experience nor farming experience. Ability, planting poor crops is also a logical necessity. He is not very satisfied with the situation of "the grass is full of beans and the bean sprouts are sparse", but he is not excessive, which is in line with his always "responsible and contented" character. Xiao Tong said that he was straightforward and did not pretend to be pretentious. He once drank with people, no matter whether they were high or low. If he got drunk first, he would say to the guest: "I'm drunk and want to sleep. You can go!" The poet is so open-minded
I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight. In order to prevent the bean fields from becoming barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the evening under the moonlight. Although it is very hard, he does not complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "Returning to Hoe with Moon Lotus". "Morning Xing" means getting up early; "Bringing the Moon" means returning home late, showing his hard work when the sun rises and resting when the sun goes down. "Clearing Wasteland and Dirty" writes about the difficulties of reclaiming wasteland after he returned to farming. Although he worked for a long time every day, from sunrise to moonrise, and his body was very tired, the poet did not complain at all. Instead, he wrote about his lightness after work in a leisurely style of "returning from the hoe with a moon load". Tao's poems are both plain and full of interest. The interest of Tao's poems comes from freehand brushwork. "Returning from hoeing with a moon load", although the poet returning from labor is alone, he is accompanied by a bright moon. Under the moonlight, the poet carries a hoe on his shoulder and walks through the waist-deep grass. What a beautiful picture of returning to farming on a moonlit night! It is filled with the poet's joyful mood and pride of retreat. We seem to see the poet carrying his hoe contentedly, humming verses, and strolling home after the moon rises over the hills. At this time, people, the moon, and the natural environment form a harmonious unity. The poet's spiritual comfort is purified into a sublime natural beauty, spiritual beauty, and poetic beauty through artistic brushstrokes, creating a beautiful and quiet artistic conception and leisurely life. A complacent image. The sentence "bringing the moon" can be said to be a stroke of genius. It turns hard work into joy, turns sleepiness into relaxation, and has the power of enlightenment. . "Growing beans at the foot of the Nanshan Mountain" is a plain sentence, and "returning home with a lotus in the moonlight" is a beautiful sentence; the first sentence is true, and the second sentence is false. The whole poem complements each other with plainness and beauty, real scene and virtual scene, soft and perfect.
The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes. It's not enough to regret the stain on your clothes, but your wishes are fulfilled. The road is narrow, the grass is long, and the evening dew sticks to your clothes, but what's the pity if your clothes get wet? These two sentences further describe the desolation of the countryside and the difficulty of returning to farming. The above six sentences describe farming life, they are real and simple, as if they are in your eyes. The sentence "It is not enough to cherish the clothes stained" seems to be plain, but this plainness exactly reflects the last sentence "But the wish will be true", making the "Wish will be true" fully emphasized. The "wish" here also implies not to lose yourself in the dirty real world. It has both the Confucian idea of ??keeping oneself clean, living in poverty and enjoying life, and the Taoist idea of ??returning to nature and following nature, and the two are often integrated into one. The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Beans are planted at the foot of the southern mountain" and "Evening dew touches my clothes" are as simple as being spoken casually without any modification. This natural and plain verse is integrated into the mellow artistic conception of the whole poem, which elevates the spoken language to poetry, harmoniously unifying the plainness of the spoken language and the mellowness of the poetry, forming the plain and mellow artistic characteristics of Tao's poetry.
This five-character poem mainly uses the technique of "fu" to express thoughts and feelings through narrative. There is no description of scenery, atmosphere, or use of metaphors. It is almost entirely narrated, only A little discussion at the end to clarify its main point. The whole poem describes the truth and comes from the heart, so "Houshan Poetry Talk" says: "Yuan Ming does not write poetry, but writes about the wonders in his heart." "Zanghai Poetry Talk" says: "Zi You narrates Tao's poems, 'Wai Ku' "Zhonggao, the quality is solid and plump, and the fat is solid and plump", which is the meaning of the narrative. "Japanese scholar Kondo Gensui said that this poem is "the best of the five ancients." Tao's poetry has been so praised by Chinese and foreign poetry critics, which shows its artistic power to conquer people's hearts.