When the November 28th Incident broke out, my aunt witnessed the school building in Wusongkou being destroyed by Japanese artillery fire. He feels that it is not enough to rely solely on "saving the country through industry" in the face of strong enemies. 1933 was admitted to the Kuomintang Central Army Military Academy (Whampoa Military Academy) 10 Infantry Division and went to Nanjing for training. After graduation, he served as a trainee officer and second lieutenant platoon leader in the 88th Division of the Kuomintang. Not long after, he took part in the battle of Shanghai and Shanghai. He led the soldiers to the forefront of Zhabei. In an enemy bombing, the dragon was injured in the face and had to leave the team for treatment. This experience left an unforgettable feeling on him. He wrote it as reportage "Zhabei Battle" and "From Offensive to Defensive" and published it under the pseudonym of S.M. in July magazine edited by Hu Feng.
The special correspondent of Evening News has also written many battlefield newsletters, but he can only write them according to the maps, battle reports and news of the headquarters of Sun, the commander of the 88th Division. Luo Fei, a poet of the "July School", said: "During the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu, there were reporters at the front, but few writers dived into the bottom of life, holding weapons and fighting with soldiers."
Aaron wrote not only patriotic enthusiasm, but also the cruelty and true humanity of war. In his later years, Hu Feng wrote in his memoirs: "He (Aaron) gave readers magnificent and tragic events in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, which was one of the faithful records in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War."
The situation in the army disappointed Long. When I was a teenager, my good friend Chen Daosheng was an underground party member. Influenced by him, Long gradually turned to the revolution and the * * * production party.
1938 In July, Hu Feng first saw the dragon in Wuhan. Hu Feng remembers that he is not tall, but his face is firm and sincere, full of passion but not beyond words. They became like-minded friends. Long revealed to Hu Feng his dissatisfaction with the Kuomintang's political system and personnel style, but he was full of trust and hope for the * * * production party.
Under Hu Feng's introduction, Long went to see one of the political secretaries who worked in the Eighth Route Army office at that time. Wu Xiru had a good impression on Aaron, and decided to introduce him to study in Yan 'an, and intended to let him return to the Kuomintang troops after studying and engage in intelligence work and United front work.
1938 165438+ In October, Long left for Yan 'an. In order to hide his eyes and ears, he walked from Hengyang to Xi 'an alone, got in touch with 18 troops, and then entered his "dream kingdom" (in Ayong). I studied in the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University and Yan 'an Anti-Japanese University successively, and felt a completely different atmosphere from the Kuomintang troops. The life there attracted him deeply. He praised the caves as beehives, and the people here were like bees making honey. In the poem Whistle, he wrote:
Yan 'an in January night.
I was sleepy from the front.
Travel through the night.
Tomorrow is the battle of the new red sun.
A few months later, his eyes were injured in a field exercise. Under the arrangement of the organization, he came to Xi 'an for treatment. Before he recovered from his illness, the traffic to Yan 'an was blocked by the Kuomintang.
While chatting with Japanese friends in Xi 'an, Aaron heard that a Japanese signalman had written a reportage about the war of aggression against China. Although he praised the war, as far as his writing attitude is concerned, this is beyond the reach of China writers.
Dragon was deeply moved. He couldn't accept that "great works didn't come from China, but appeared in Japan; Not from War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but from aggression. " In Xi 'an, which was constantly attacked by Japanese air, he began to write Nanjing.
Aaron described the heroic feats of the soldiers who killed the enemy and died, and also described the hardships, despair and struggles of the citizens caught in the war. He wrote about the fierce battles at Zhonghua Gate, Guanghuamen Gate and Zhongshan Gate, as well as many major battles of the China army. He wanted to express "China soldiers' solemn and stirring patriotic feelings and the bright future of finally defeating the enemy" through this work.
He said that the negative impact of World War I on Nanjing began with the fall of Nanjing on the one hand and ended with the fall of Nanjing on the other. The first world war in Xuzhou made China cheer up militarily from the muddy sea of rout and chaos; Wuhan World War I made China gain valuable stability conducive to a protracted war; The dawn of victory has been shining on the banner of China in the first world war in southern Henan and northern Hubei, and the battle in Dongting Lake.
It is precisely because of the frontal battle of the Kuomintang army that Nanjing has no chance of publication after liberation.
Dragon thinks the most important thing is "truth":
"People can't change history, so they can't change the truth, let alone the truth."
"Why do you have to put more red on the red to make it purple-black?"
Hu Feng described the dragon like this: "A warrior and a poet are two incarnations of one god."
194 1 year, along was ordered to "lurk" in Chongqing. Introduced by Huangpu students, he joined the Kuomintang Military Commission as the main staff officer. Later, he was admitted to the Army University and served as a tactical instructor after graduation. He provided a lot of information for the producers of * * *, but with the death of the parties, this history gradually disappeared.
It was not until 200 1 year that Wang Zeng, who participated in the trial of the case of "Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Group" and is now retired, wrote an article recalling the review of Aaron, which made this history surface.
According to Wang Zengduo's account, in 1942, Aaron asked Lv Yuan, a poet, to bring a bundle of pamphlets to Hu Feng, which contained the establishment, designation and deployment location of the Kuomintang army, and he gave them to the underground party.
The poet Ji recalled this history in more detail in an article:
"1942, Luyuan and I were admitted to Fudan at the same time. One day, after returning to school from Chongqing, Luyuan told me that Shoumei (aunt) asked him to bring a bag of things to Teacher Hu (Hu Feng) and told him seriously that it was something more precious than life. If you lose it, you will lose your life. " He later learned that these "things" were originally printed books and charts compiled and deployed by the Kuomintang army.
Soon, the dragon was suspected by the Kuomintang. He received an anonymous letter, which said, "Be careful what you do reveals your true colors." . The dragon thinks this is a warning from sympathizers who know the inside story. He quit his job, arranged his children in a hurry and fled to Chongqing. Just arrived in Chongqing, wanted orders followed. He left by boat, heading east. As a fugitive, he mingled with many passengers and carefully avoided contact and conversation with others. Since then, he has taken refuge in Hangzhou and Nanjing under the pseudonym "Chen".
From 65438 to 0947, my aunt worked as a temporary worker at the meteorological station. Because she felt unsafe, she immediately resigned due to illness and hid in a friend's house in the military. In order to pretend to be sick, he raised tropical ornamental fish, hermit crabs and flowers, and lived in seclusion.
From his old colleagues, Aaron learned about the Kuomintang's battle plan for Yimeng Mountain area. He was keenly aware of the importance of this information and rushed to Shanghai overnight to inform Hu Feng. Hu Feng passed this information on to Liao Mengxing, the leader of the underground party.
Ji still remembers the scene at that time: one day, he and his aunt were wandering in the downtown area of Xinjiekou and saw many photos of senior Kuomintang generals displayed in the street window of a photo studio. Aunt pointed to the photo of Zhang, the commander of the 74th Division, and whispered, "Wait, there is good news to listen to and good drama to watch." Dragon's words didn't attract his attention at that time. In May of that year, in the Battle of Nanjing, the 74th Division was wiped out, Zhang was killed and Nanjing shook, so Ji remembered it again. Aaron said with a smile: "I learned about the mobilization and operational deployment of this unit from my friends in the military, and I passed it there."
Soon, Hu Feng also conveyed the organization's praise to Aaron in the letter, saying in code: "He seemed very happy to hear what he said to his friend last time and told him that he wanted to hear similar words in the future. This can also be used as a reference for finding a job. "
The organization also gave Aaron an arduous task: do everything possible to use the old relationship to re-enter the Kuomintang military system.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/948, he entered the Institute of Kuomintang Army University under a pseudonym as a lieutenant colonel researcher, and later served as a lieutenant colonel and colonel tactical instructor in the Kuomintang Staff School. He was under surveillance, but he continued to provide information to underground party organizations through Hu Feng and Luo Fei whenever he had the chance.
At that time, my aunt handed over to Qin Shihuang, the underground party, the information about the military transfer, military status and station of Kuomintang troops learned from Cai Chifu, a military school classmate, for five times. From the spring of 1948 to the spring of 1949, he persuaded Cai Chifu to hand over the Kuomintang's information on military arrangements and weapons and equipment to the Shanghai underground party organization through Luo Fei. 100 In the winter of 948, he handed over more than100 military maps of Zhejiang Province provided by Cai Chifu to the eastern Zhejiang guerrilla zone through Fang Ran.
These facts have been found out in the investigation of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary group case, but he is still labeled as the backbone of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary group.
1950 In March, A Long came to Tianjin at the invitation of Lu Dian and was assigned to work in the Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Although he has just entered middle age, his temples are already gray.
Soon after, Aaron published two papers in succession-On Tendency and On Positive and Negative Characters, and put forward his own understanding of the highly sensitive relationship between literature and politics at that time. He opposes the conceptual expression of political content, the argument that you can't write except workers, peasants and soldiers, the myth of positive characters and the uglification of negative characters.
Long didn't expect these two articles to bring him big trouble.
Peng Xiaolian, the director of the documentary "The Red Sun Storm" about the rightist clique, said that Aaron's views are actually the presentation of Hu Feng's literary thoughts. Hu Feng, a disciple of Lu Xun, helped him fight many wars in his later years. "After Lu Xun's death, Hu Feng and a group of writers around him took Lu Xun's spirit as a model." Peng Xiaolian said, "In their view, Lu Xun represents an ideal intellectual image independent of politics."
As soon as Aaron's article was published, it was severely criticized by People's Daily-"opposing art serving politics" and "distorting and forging Marxism-Leninism". Aaron wrote a letter to the People's Daily with a debate article. In the letter, he did a certain degree of "inspection". Soon, the People's Daily published a review opinion, and the debate article was detained. The criticism of him is not really personal.
In the subsequent ideological transformation and literary rectification movement, Aaron was constantly criticized. His application for joining the party has already passed, but his report to his superiors has been suppressed. 1955 In May, Aaron was arrested and imprisoned, and was secretly detained on charges of being "the backbone of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary group" and "a reactionary officer". The only son, Chen Pei, was entrusted by the Public Security Bureau.
Chen Pei was only 10 years old at that time. More than half a century later, he described the scene to our reporter: "15 In May, many people came to search my father's manuscripts and letters. At that time, my father said that he was an uncle of the publishing house. An uncle of the Public Security Bureau took me out to play. Soon, Wan, the police chief, talked to my father. My father said that I followed the * * * production party all my life. I can't think of saying that I am counter-revolutionary and that Hu Feng is counter-revolutionary. "
On July 1946 and 15, my aunt wrote to Hu Feng in code: "As for the overall situation, everything here is full of optimism. I'll tell you to be optimistic. We can defeat the main force in three months and eliminate it in one year. He once called a meeting of independent battalion commanders and above to give lectures, and his confidence also inspired everyone. At the same time, the mechanical troops here were airlifted to Jinan and the anti-vehicle troops were airlifted to Suiyuan. If you don't do it, it's pus, and you have to discharge it! "
On June 8, 1955, after receiving this letter, I wrote a letter to Lu, Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC: "I think I should take this opportunity to do some articles."
Two days later, People's Daily wrote this letter in the name of editor: "In a letter to Hu Feng, Aaron was' full of optimism' about the counter-revolutionary civil war launched by Chiang Kai-shek nationwide in July 1946; It is believed that the "main force" of the China People's Liberation Army can be broken in three months and destroyed in one year. He also shamelessly boasted about Jiang thief's "lecture", saying that "he is confident" and "makes everyone more encouraged". "Aunt regards the people's revolutionary forces as pustules, thinks that they must be expelled forever, thinks that attacking the people's revolutionary forces must be resolute and thorough, and" don't stop until you do it! " "
Hu Feng explained this point in detail in his explanatory materials: "At that time, during the peace talks and military mediation, Chiang Kai-shek was frantically secretly preparing to launch a civil war. Long is in the Army University, and some of his classmates work in the military field. When they learned the contents of the letter, they were anxious to tell me. In order to prevent the letter from being checked, a disguised tone was used, but the recipient could feel the serious fighting mood at a glance. "
In fact, as early as the initial stage of handling the case, the public security department had fully understood Aaron's innocence and his contribution to the revolution. Zhou Enlai also opposed the characterization of Aaron as a "reactionary officer" and a "Kuomintang spy", but because the top leadership has set the tone, Aaron's fate cannot be changed in the end.
1955, 19-year-old literary youth Lin (formerly known as Goose) was labeled as a member of Hu Feng's counter-revolutionary group for asking Long for writing advice.
1February, 966, after being imprisoned for 10 years, Long began to formally appear in court for trial. He has never "bowed his head and pleaded guilty" on "principle" and has always been regarded as "extremely bad attitude" by interrogators. During the trial, Linxi was forced to testify in court. Long Jian Linxi was also involved and decided to take full responsibility. In the United States, Linxi still clearly remembers the scene at that time:
On the day of sentencing Long, after the judge announced the trial, Long was taken to court. I was only a few steps away from the dragon. His hair was all white, the ever-friendly smile on his face disappeared, his wrinkles became stiff, and his eyes became dignified. He sat on a bench in Xiao Mu, with a small table in front of him, on which stood the indictment against him. I saw a red road painted by a dragon on the indictment, and a pair of glasses beside the indictment. The dragon sat in the dock, as if there was no anger, and even gave people a calm impression, calmer than me.
I spoke according to the official testimony, when the judge asked Aaron, "Do you have any questions about the testimony of Hou Hong Goose?" I'm a little nervous. I think the dragon will argue with the court, because the people in the procuratorate told me in advance that the dragon might plead, and they also told me that if the dragon pleads, you don't have to answer directly, and the court will try to get you out.
"No."The dragon only said two words, and then he never spoke again. It only took me a few minutes to complete my performance as a "witness". The judge announced that I could leave the court, and the bailiff took me out of the court.
The dragon walked into the court again, not letting him sit down, but letting him stand in front of the judge. Judges and jurors also stood up, and the chief judge standing in the middle read the verdict word for word. The verdict naturally outlined Aaron's "crime" and finally sentenced Aaron to fixed-term imprisonment of 12 years. The judge said to Aaron, "If the defendant refuses to accept the judgment, he can appeal within × days." At this point, the whole court was silent, and everyone was nervously waiting for Long's public statement and Long's final defense.
"I give up the appeal," the dragon's voice was calm. "I am responsible for everything, and it has nothing to do with anyone." After that, he stood up and was escorted out of the court by four bailiffs. He walked between the two galleries of the court. His body is straight, his head is slightly raised, his eyes are straight, and his steps are extremely calm. It's like the first time I saw a dragon.
After the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution", Long found himself suffering from bone marrow tuberculosis. He endured great pain every day and sat with his face facing the wall. He felt that he was dying and wrote a suicide note. He still believes that the party can make a fair ruling on his problems.
1967 March 15, Long died in prison without relatives. The person in charge of handling the body is a police officer named Liu. He sent the dragon's body to the crematorium.
According to the regulations, the ashes of this "death row" without relatives are not preserved, but with the help of the crematorium staff, he found a wooden box to store Aaron's ashes. Outside the wall of an urn parking room, he dug a deep hole and buried the wooden box.
Chen Pei is now retired at home. He spent a lot of time sorting out his father's manuscripts, hoping to write a biography of his father in his lifetime.
His father was only 10 years old when he was arrested. Faced with overwhelming criticism, he once thought that his father was a "counter-revolutionary" and a "Kuomintang spy" and refused to visit the prison. Talking about this past, he can't restrain his sadness so far. 1963, Long was allowed to communicate with him for the first time. However, growing up in a special environment, he was afraid to contact his father and the letter was sent back to prison.
This is a heavy blow to the dragon. Since then, the two have no contact. Even when his aunt was seriously ill, Chen Pei didn't dare to visit his father.
Four months after the trial, Aaron wrote a letter to the judge, telling his final thoughts. Chen Pei showed our reporter a copy of the suicide note.
Interrogators, please convey:
First of all, fundamentally speaking, the case of "Hu Feng counter-revolutionary clique" is completely artificial, fictional and fabricated! (Pay attention to the original text, the same below)
The published "materials" are not only untrue in nature, but also confuse the audience and reverse right and wrong.
On the one hand, it distorts and persecutes each other, on the other hand, it deceives and fools the whole party and the people of the whole country!
So, I think this "case" must be a mistake.
Just like the Brazilian coup authorities! Just like the "Matsukawa incident"! But that's bourgeois regime, that's bourgeois politicians.
If a proletarian party secretly does something similar, it will lose its proletarian flavor, and the slightest proletarian flavor will not be retained, and it will become a fake proletarian party!
Besides, the persecuted people are comrades in politics, not enemies.
Even if we attack the enemy, we must fight with the enemy's own crimes. Don't fabricate charges, make them out of nothing, and don't confuse right and wrong and reverse black and white. ……
Lies don't last. A political party that has always deceived the people has collapsed morally. And the mistakes of cheating will develop and accumulate, from quantitative change to qualitative change, from gradual change to mutation. Through dialectics, we will shoot ourselves in the foot and deny ourselves. It will bear the historical consequences caused by itself, and it is impossible to escape this fate. Just as it is impossible to cover up the truth. ……
Since 1938, I have pursued and loved the party, and my heart is clean and pure. I never dreamed that such an ominous case would happen. Of course, I also look after the overall situation and see the light. But this "case" will always exist like a shadow. I also hope to finally see the truth and facts as the result of the rectification movement of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an 1942, and as the problem solved by Chairman Mao himself.
I have also confessed many times: I can be crushed, but I can never be subdued.
Chen Yimen1June 23, 965
1980, the central government issued a document to completely rehabilitate. On June 23rd, 1982, Tianjin Federation of Literary and Art Circles held a memorial service. Long's works, published before liberation, include Poetry Collection, Reportage Collection, First Strike, Poetry Theory and Man and Poetry. After liberation, before 1955 went to prison, he published Poetry and Reality (three volumes), What is Poetry, Writer's Character and Creation of Characters, etc. After the restoration, there are Untitled edited by Zhou Liangpei, People, Poetry and Reality edited by Luo Luo and Selected Works of weeping willows edited by Lu Xin. Nanjing blood sacrifice also has two versions, Beijing and Ningxia.