The Book of Songs is the beginning of China's ancient poetry. This is the earliest collection of poems. It collected poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (1 1 century to the 6th century), with a total of * * * 31/,among which 6 poems were filled, that is, only the title had no content.
Six poems known as Sheng (Nanxun,? Baihua, Huashu, Youkang, Chongwu, Friendship) reflects the social outlook of about 500 years from the beginning of the week to the weekend. The author of The Book of Songs is anonymous, and most of them cannot be verified. Collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius.
In the pre-Qin period, the Book of Songs was called "The Book of Songs", or it was called "The Book of Songs 300" by integers. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode.
"Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. "Ya" is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into "? Xiaoya and? Elegance; Ode is a musical song used by Zhou and noble ancestral temples for sacrifice, which is divided into? Zhou Song? Truffles and truffles? Ode to Shang Dynasty.
Confucius once summarized the purpose of the Book of Songs as "innocence" and educated his disciples to read the Book of Songs as their standard of speech and action. Among the pre-Qin philosophers, many people quoted the Book of Songs.
2. Song of the South
Songs of Chu is a collection of Chu literature in the Warring States Period. Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty and Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The original collection of * * * poems by Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Huainan Xiaoshan, Dong Fangshuo, Wang Bo, Liu Xiang and others 16, and later Wang Yi added his own "Jiu Si" to 17.
In the first edition of Songs of the South 16, Qu Yuan's works account for the vast majority, and * * * has collected more than 20 songs in 8 volumes. Including Li Sao, Nine Songs (1 1), Tianxiang, Nine Chapters (9), Yuan You, Buju, Fisherman, Evocation and so on.
The other eight volumes are Song Yu's Nine Debates, Jing Cha's Great Tactics, Jia Yi's History of the Han Dynasty, Zhao's The Hermit in Huainan Mountain, Seven Words, Yan Jidao's Mourning for the Time, Wang Bo's Nine Feelings and Liu Xiang's Nine Sighs.
On this basis, Zhu compiled Notes on Songs of the South, and added Jia Yi's Fu on Pengniao and Fu on Hanging Qu Yuan. Delete seven admonitions, Jiu Si, nine sighs and other works.
Zhu believes that these works lack true thoughts and feelings. He also classified Qu Yuan's works as Li Sao, and other works as Continued Li Sao, which were compiled into 8 volumes according to the original chapter sequence.
3. Han Yuefu
Han Yuefu is a new style of poetry after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and it is another masterpiece of ancient folk songs. Han Yuefu was adopted by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty. In the folk songs of Han Yuefu, women's works occupy an important position.
It uses popular language to construct works close to life, from miscellaneous words to five words, uses narrative writing methods to portray characters in detail, shapes characters with distinctive personality and complete story, highlights ideological connotation and pays attention to describing typical details.
Opening up a new stage of the development of narrative poetry is an important stage of the development of China's five-character poem style. Different from The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu initiated a new style of poetic realism.
It has a far-reaching influence on the healthy development of poetry in later generations, and has a very high position in the history of literature, which can keep pace with the Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
4. New Yuefu
The concept of "new Yuefu" was first put forward by Bai Juyi, who once sorted out more than 50 poems such as "Beauty wins happiness" and "Setting a topic for something" written when he left. Compared with the ancient Yuefu, the new Yuefu is characterized by using new themes, while the ancient Yuefu follows the old themes.
Often the content is limited and the topic is inconsistent. New Yuefu writes current affairs with new themes, so it is also called "New Yuefu". In content, New Yuefu highlights "writing articles in time, writing poems and things".
In the combination of poetry and music, the new Yuefu no longer takes freehand brushwork as the standard. The new Yuefu movement had a great influence at that time because of the tradition initiated by Du Fu and the creation of a group of talented poets, and a large number of new Yuefu poems emerged.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty witnessed social unrest and political corruption, and people of insight witnessed increasingly serious social problems, hoping to save the declining national situation through political improvement and the promotion of national spirit.
This thought was reflected in the literary world, and the ancient prose movement and the new Yuefu movement appeared. The poet inherited Du Fu's social realism style and tried to reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and the disadvantages of social reality in his poems.
However, this type of creation is bound to touch powerful people, so it is not smooth in promoting the atmosphere. However, such a spirit of caring for the country and the people is commendable in both literary history and humanitarian care.
5. "Bo".
Manuscript of Jane Heather: The complete works of Lu You's poems, with 85 volumes and 9344 poems, are named to commemorate the life in Shu. Lu You wrote many poems in his life, and today there are more than 9,000 poems.
Among them, Guan Shanyue, The Book of Wrath, The Farmer's Sigh and For the Children are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. His poems express political aspirations, reflect people's sufferings, and criticize the humiliating surrender of the ruling clique in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a bold style.
He showed a strong patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity and sang the strongest voice of that era. The basic characteristics of Lu You's poetry creation are realism and romanticism.
His poems have lofty artistic conception and great spirit; The colors are magnificent and the gestures are myriad. Many patriots and progressives in later generations have drawn spiritual strength from his works.