The life consciousness embodied in Qu Yuan's works is mainly manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, time flies, beauty's sense of urgency and cold death consciousness. Facing the changes of the four seasons in nature, it can arouse people's sense of time and life, and the ancient China literati's expression of the feeling of beauty's dying is endless for generations. But no one has felt the urgency or even fear in the face of the fleeting time like Qu Yuan.
Second, the influence of patriotism in Qu Yuan's literary works on later generations
As a great patriot and patriotic poet, Qu Yuan is admired by later generations. His deep and persistent patriotic enthusiasm, his spirit of persisting in ideals, preferring death to surrender, pursuing truth and boldly criticizing reality in political struggle set an example for later writers. There are many poems in Lisao that show Qu Yuan's patriotism.
Jia Yi was relegated to Changsha after the failure of political struggle in the early Han Dynasty. When he passed the Miluo River, he felt that he and Qu Yuan had similar experiences, and wrote a very painful "Mourning Qu Yuan Fu", on the one hand, he mourned Qu Yuan and introduced him as a bosom friend; On the one hand, he studied Qu Yuan's creative spirit and boldly exposed and lashed out at the dark social reality of right and wrong.
Sima Qian, a great historian and writer, admired Qu Yuan even more, and made a biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records, which correctly affirmed Qu Yuan's position in history.
he said: I read Li Sao, Tian Wen, Evocation of Soul and Mourning, and I am saddened by my ambition. When you are in Changsha, you can see Qu Yuan's self-sinking, but you can't help crying and want to see him.
Historical Records is a historical prose work, which entrusts the author's ideal, and is permeated with the author's feelings of distinguishing love from hatred and the spirit of pursuing truth, which is exactly the inheritance of Qu Yuan's great literary spirit.
After the Han Dynasty, Qu Yuan's spirit was further developed in many writers. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, admired Qu Yuan very much. His spirit of despising dignitaries and resisting reality is the inheritance and development of Qu Yuan's spirit.
In addition, poets and writers in China in past dynasties always wrote generous and fierce patriotic poems at the critical moment of national oppression. There are still many writers who, in the dark political era, persisted in their ideals and struggles, did not hide their love and hate, and even sacrificed their lives in political struggles, adding luster to the history of ancient Chinese literature. This great spirit can be traced back to Qu Yuan.
3. Romantic writing techniques
Qu Yuan's romantic writing techniques have a far-reaching influence on later literary creation. In particular, Li Bai, a great romantic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, also consciously studied Qu Yuan's positive romantic creation techniques. Li Bai's poems are also a large number of Luo Zhi myths and legends, historical figures, the sun and the moon, and so on, which constitute a magnificent picture.
Fourth, the creation of new poetic style-Sao style and new poetic style
For Chu Ci works, it not only has some ready-made five-word sentences or seven-word sentences, but also creates and uses a large number of three-word rhythms in addition to the two-word rhythm. The emergence of three-character rhythm is an opportunity for four-character poems to be transformed into five or seven words.
Therefore, it can be said that "Songs of the South" is the earliest poetic work that broke the four-character sentence pattern. Among its various uneven sentence patterns, it includes the embryonic model of five-and seven-character poems, which gives infinite inspiration to future generations. In addition, The Songs of the South created a new poetic style.
This poetic form is more free and varied than the Book of Songs, both in sentence pattern and structure, so it can more effectively shape artistic images and express complex and intense feelings.
As far as sentence patterns are concerned, Chuci is dominated by miscellaneous words, which breaks through the traditional four-character sentence pattern. As far as language description is concerned, Chu Ci is good at rendering and describing, rich in words, and attaches great importance to the aesthetic feeling of external forms, which creates conditions for the emergence of Fu literature in Han Dynasty.
"Songs of the South" also highlights the romantic spirit, which is mainly manifested in the passionate feelings, the pursuit of ideals, the prominence of the lyric hero image, the fantasy of imagination, etc., and creates a magnificent picture through fantasy and myth.
5. Dragon Boat Festival
According to Records of the Historian, Qu Yuan (about 339 BC-about 278 BC) was born in Danyang, Chu (now Zigui, Yichang, Hubei) at the end of the Warring States Period and was a minister of Chu Huaiwang in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qu Yuan's name is Ping, but in fact, his surname is "Mi", not "Qu".
According to legend, Qu Yuan advocated the promotion of talents and empowerment, made Qiang Bing rich, and urged the joint efforts against Qin, which was strongly opposed by Zi Lan and others. Qu Yuan was ousted from his post, driven out of the capital and exiled to the Yuan and Xiang river basins.
during his exile, he wrote poems such as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Jiu Ge, which were concerned about his country and people. In 278 BC, Qin Jun invaded Kyoto, Chu. When Qu Yuan saw his motherland being invaded, his heart ached, but he couldn't bear to give up his motherland. On May 5th, after writing his last poem "Huai Sha", he threw himself into the Miluo River and wrote a magnificent patriotic movement with his own life.
when qu yuan jumped into the river, the local people immediately rowed for help. In order to mourn, people rowed on the rivers, and then it gradually developed into a dragon boat race.
People were afraid that fish in the river would eat his body, so they went home to bring rice balls and threw them into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from ruining Qu Yuan's body. Later, it became a custom to eat zongzi.
Extended information:
The influence of The Songs of the South on later generations
Like the Yellow River basin, the Yangtze River basin has been pregnant with ancient culture for a long time. After the rise of Chu people, they became the representatives of this regional culture. At the latest in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Chu people had relations with the northern regime; By the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was said that Kuaixiong had been a "scholar-king", and later Xiong Yi was crowned as a king in Chu (Historical Records of Chu Family).
This should be understood as the Zhou Dynasty's recognition that Chu people actually controlled Jianghan area. By the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chu had developed rapidly and annexed many large and small countries in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, becoming a force that could compete with the whole Central Plains.
Chu Zhuangwang was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. At one time, he had the ambition to take the Central Plains to the north. During the Warring States Period, Chu further swallowed wuyue, and its power reached Hanzhong in the west and the sea in the east. Among the warring states, the territory was the largest and the population was the largest.
At one time, there was a saying that "the Emperor of Qin was horizontal and the King of Chu was vertical", which meant that Qin and Chu were most likely to unify the whole country. Finally, Chu was destroyed by Qin. But the anti-Qin uprising in Chu became the main force to overthrow the Qin dynasty.
the establishment of the Han dynasty, in a sense, can be considered as the victory of the Chu people. Qin and Han unified, and finally completed the integration of North and South cultures, thus forming a great "Han nationality".
in the process of its development, the Chu nationality has been communicating with the culture of the Central Plains. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the main cultural classics in the north, such as Poems, Books, Rites and Music, have also become the objects of learning by the nobles of Chu.
There are many examples in Zuo Zhuan that Chu people recited or quoted the Book of Songs. On the other hand, Chu culture has always maintained its own strong characteristics, which is obviously different from the Central Plains culture, so Chu people have long been regarded as barbaric aliens by the Central Plains countries.
The Chu people themselves, when unwilling to recognize the authority of the Zhou royal family, often call themselves: "I am a barbarian."
to sum up, it should be said that Chu culture and Central Plains culture have their own characteristics and strengths in terms of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. If only in the field of art, the achievements of Chu culture are high. Literature is an aspect of art in a broad sense.
The Ci of Chu that we want to discuss is not only a wonderful flower on the soil of Chu culture, but also represents the brilliant achievements of Chu culture. The general characteristics of Chu culture, especially Chu art, such as strong individual consciousness, intense and turbulent emotions, fantastic and gorgeous expressions, etc., are also presented in Chu ci.
In addition to the factors of Chu culture itself, other factors have also played a certain role in the form of Chu Ci. As mentioned above, after the Spring and Autumn Period, the nobles of Chu were quite familiar with the Book of Songs, which became part of their cultural accomplishment.
Quyuan's Ode to Orange in Nine Chapters uses four-character sentences and the word "Xi" at the end of every other sentence, which can be regarded as the infiltration of the style of The Book of Songs into the style of Chu Ci. In the Warring States period, strategists were very active in lobbying.
They "want to play with lips and kisses, so they compete for beautiful words and move people." "The aftermath is spreading to the literary garden, and the flowery sentences are beyond the simple style of The Poetry." -This section of Lu Xun's Outline of the History of Chinese Literature correctly points out the influence of the gorgeous and extravagant rhetoric of strategists in the Warring States on the formation of Chu Ci.
Chu ci is the product of Chu culture, specifically, it can't be separated from the creation of the great poet Qu Yuan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan
Baidu Encyclopedia-Songs of the South
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dragon Boat Festival
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Briefly describe Qu Yuan's influence on later generations.
Qu Yuan's Li Sao is the first and longest lyric poem in the history of Chinese literature, with more than 37 sentences and more than 124 words. The first half is the poet's life feeling, and the second half describes a series of dreamland such as wandering in the sky in a mythical way. The whole poem runs through the romantic spirit of resisting reality with ideals, blending myth, imagination, history and nature, and pinning the poet's feelings with one after another, such as fragrant grass and beautiful women. The imagination is rich and strange, and the scene is confusing, which constitutes a magnificent picture, expressing the poet's exploration of the future road. "The road is long, Xiu Yuan is Xi, and I will search up and down." If the Book of Songs started the realistic atmosphere and entered the vast Yuan Ye of China literature with a steady inner step, then the "Songs of the Chu" represented by Qu Yuan created a romantic literary tradition and a personalized writing method, wandering among the mountains of China literature with an ethereal figure.
5 Zan 22 Browse 219-5-14
Qu Yuan's influence on later literature
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of romantic literature in China, and is known as "the ancestor of Chinese poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci and Fu". He is the founder and representative author of "Chu Ci", which opened up the tradition of "vanilla beauty". The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. His main works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. The Songs of the South, written by him, is the source of China's romantic literature, and is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry. Qu Yuan's works, after the Chu people established Guanzhong, the capital of the Han Dynasty, had a greater influence. With the continuous learning and development of "Chu Ci", the literature in the north gradually became Chu. The new five-and seven-character poems are all related to Chu Sao. Fu writers in Han Dynasty are all influenced by Chu Ci. After Han Dynasty, "Shao Sao" works have been written in all dynasties. Authors often use Qu Yuan's poems to express their own obstacles, and even use Qu Yuan's experiences as metaphors, which is the direct development of Qu Yuan's literature. In addition, poems, songs, words, songs, dramas, Qin ci, Daqu, scripts, etc. with Qu Yuan's life story as the theme, such as Qu Yuan's portrait, Nine Songs, Jiu Wen Tu, etc., are also difficult to count. Therefore, Lu Xun called Qu Yuan's works "outstanding" and "its influence on later articles was even above the Three Hundred Articles (The Book of Songs)" (Lu Xun's Outline of the History of Chinese Literature). Guo Moruo, a famous poet, once wrote Ode to Thunder and Electricity for him to commemorate his deeds. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called "Songs of the South" and "The Book of Songs" together. "Feng and Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.
19 Zan 2,896 Browse 218-5-23
Qu Yuan's influence on later literature
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of romantic literature in China, and is known as "the ancestor of Chinese poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci Fu". He is the founder and representative author of "Chu Ci", which opened up the tradition of "vanilla beauty". The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. His main works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. The Songs of the South, written by him, is the source of China's romantic literature, and is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry. Qu Yuan's works, after the Chu people established Guanzhong, the capital of the Han Dynasty, had a greater influence. With the continuous learning and development of "Chu Ci", the literature in the north gradually became Chu. The new five-and seven-character poems are all related to Chu Sao. Fu writers in Han Dynasty are all influenced by Chu Ci. After Han Dynasty, "Shao Sao" works have been written in all dynasties. Authors often use Qu Yuan's poems to express their own obstacles, and even use Qu Yuan's experiences as metaphors, which is the direct development of Qu Yuan's literature. In addition, poems, songs, words, songs, dramas, Qin ci, Daqu, scripts, etc. with Qu Yuan's life story as the theme, such as Qu Yuan's portrait, Nine Songs, Jiu Wen Tu, etc., are also difficult to count. Therefore, Lu Xun called Qu Yuan's works "resounding and magnificent words, outstanding for a lifetime"