Explanation of the title "Self-mockery": First, "As for the word 'self-mockery' mentioned by Lu Xun, it is just a twist. In fact, Mr. Lu Xun does not need to laugh at himself." Since there is no need to laugh at oneself, then why do we need to "deprecate oneself"? Does Qubi mean that there is no meaning of "self-deprecation"? The question is not clear yet. The second is: "This poem is called self-mockery, but it is actually a satire on the enemy." Then it is mocking the enemy rather than mocking oneself. If there is really no self-mockery, then why bother with the title "Self-mockery"? 3. "Self-mockery is self-mockery. What did Lu Xun mock about himself? He mocked his own experiences, mocked his own situation, that is, mocked the enemy's treatment of himself. "It is self-deprecating, and the object of ridicule in every poem is always oneself." Is ridiculing oneself the same as ridiculing the enemy? Every line of poetry is mocking oneself. Are these two sentences also mocking oneself?
So how should we explain "self-mockery"? The title "self-mockery" has its origin. There is a category in "Selected Works" called "Construction", which includes Dongfang Shuo's "Answering Guests", Yang Xiong's "Explanation of Mocking", and Ban Gu's "Answering Guests". These three titles include mocking and drama. The first article "Answering" "Guest Difficulty" is the answer to ridicule. These three articles all explain the guests' laughing at themselves, which is not "self-deprecation" and is different from "self-deprecation". But "Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Biography" said: "Because of the discussion of setting up a guest to embarrass oneself, one uses one's humble position to comfort oneself." Dongfang Shuo assumed that a guest was mocking him. It was not that there was really a guest mocking him, or that he was mocking him. Laugh at yourself and then answer it yourself. Yang Xiong's "Explanation of Mocking", Ban Gu's "Replying the Guest", and Han Yu's "Jin Xue Jie" are all the same. They all assume that someone is mocking themselves. In fact, they are mocking themselves, and then they answer the questions themselves. Therefore, "Selected Works" calls Dongfang Shuo and three other articles "essays", indicating that the guest who mocked himself was the author's assumption, that is, the author's self-mockery. This type of article is divided into two parts, one part is to ridicule oneself, and the other part is to explain. In fact, it is self-deprecation and self-explanation, but in the form of being a guest, one is mocking oneself and explaining oneself.
Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" was modified from this kind of "explanation of ridicule" article. It removed its formal mockery and self-explanation and adopted its actual self-mockery and self-explanation, which is called " Self-deprecating”. The past "explanation of ridicule" was actually divided into two parts: self-deprecation and self-explanation. Lu Xun's "self-deprecation" was also divided into two parts: self-deprecation and self-explanation. In the past, "Jie Mo" first assumed that the guests asked themselves questions to mock themselves. Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" also first asked questions to mock himself, such as "What do you want when you are handed over to the canopy?" It is actually a question sentence. What else do you ask for? In the past, articles about "explanation of ridicule" all used words that ridiculed oneself, such as Dongfang Shuo said "the lips are rotten and the teeth are falling", Yang Xiong said "the extension of the official", and Ban Gu said "the body is weak and the gate" , Han Yu said, "The postscript stops the trouble after, and it is easy to get blamed." Lu Xun also had similar "self-deprecating", such as "I didn't dare to stand up but I have already met my head", which is similar to the "Hengti Hengmen" who is afraid of meeting, and "he is always in trouble"; he describes himself as "breaking his hat to hide his face", It also belongs to the same category as those described by oneself as "lips rotten and teeth fall off" and "head child teeth chipped". This is the self-deprecating part.
In the past, "Jie Mo" was often written with its own identity. For example, Dongfang Shuo said, "Ji is the same as Fan Li, and Zhonghe is Zixu." "Laughing Phoenix", compared to the Fenghuang, Ban Gu said that "the wall of the He family",
"it lasts for thousands of years but shines brightly". Lu Xun also had a sarcastic remark, that is, "with a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, one bows his head and is willing to be a bully". Its profound meaning has been fully elucidated by Chairman Mao, and it is naturally far beyond that of his predecessors. Therefore, "Self-mockery" contains a self-mockery part, and it is not like the explanation cited above that "self-mockery" is a twist, "a satire on the enemy." Saying that one has good fortune and good fortune, but one does not dare to stand up and cover one's face with one's hat. How is this a "quick pen" and a mockery of the enemy? Isn't saying that one has good luck with good fortune does not mean that one has good luck with good fortune? How can one ridicule the enemy by saying that one has good luck with good fortune? "Self-mockery" also has a self-explanatory part, and not every sentence is self-mockery.
Of course, Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" is very different from the predecessors' "Explanation of Mockery", both in form and content. The predecessors used to ridicule themselves, but Lu Xun only called it "self-mockery". This is a different proposition. The ancients mocked others to express their grievances, and used self-explanation to gain status. This was mainly to ridicule themselves. They did not dare to touch the feudal rulers for their own grievances, and it also had the function of beautifying the feudal rulers. Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" is a revolutionary poem that dares to stab the Kuomintang reactionaries. It shows his contempt for the enemy and his determination to fight to the end for the revolutionary cause. So what's the point of comparing it to the predecessors' "Explanation of Mockery"? This just shows the development of Lu Xun's creation, just like Lu Xun's "My Broken Love" has inherited and developed. Pointing this out will help us understand the title "Self-mockery" and make it more consistent with the reality of the poem.
The second is the explanation of the last couplet: "Hide in the small building and become one, regardless of winter, summer, spring and autumn." One said, "The last two sentences are a satire on those people at that time who only cared about their own comfort and did not care about politics." The second theory is a satire on the fact that the Kuomintang reactionaries moved their capital to Luoyang during the January 28th Incident in 1932, but did not move back to Nanjing until December. The author had not yet moved back when he wrote this poem. Three said, "'Hiding in a small building' once again expresses the idea of ??'trench warfare' that Lu Xun has always advocated. The 'small building' is a bunker fortification and a trench on the front line. Hiding in a small building and taking advantage of the opportunity to attack is for the better." Preserve yourself, attack the enemy, and destroy the enemy." The fourth theory is that "to become a unified nation" means to form a unified nation, to oppose the Chiang Dynasty.
Although the "small building" is small, as an outpost in the struggle against the enemy, it is connected with the entire revolutionary struggle of the proletariat. ”
Let’s look at what the predecessors wrote about “Jie Mo” in the latter part. Dongfang Shuo said, “Although time is not used, there is no one left, and I live alone”; Yang Xiong said: "Loneliness is the only way to stay in a house of virtue." Ban Gu said, "Practice your ambitions carefully and guard your heavenly talismans." They are all about being content with loneliness and being self-sufficient. They are not meant to be ironic. It is inappropriate to ask people about politics. The main thing to be ridiculed is the enemy. It is a matter of education for people who are not interested in politics, not to satirize them. There are similarities in the form of being content with loneliness. Of course, the spirit of the two is completely different. The former is about retreating, while the latter is about fighting.
How to fight by "hiding in a small building"? Is it based on the same method? How can small buildings be used for trench warfare? We only know that when the enemy invades the city and engages in street warfare, they will hide in small buildings and use small buildings as cover to attack the enemy. How did Lu Xun use small buildings to fight in the counter-cultural "encirclement and suppression" campaign? What about building trenches? In the counter-cultural "encirclement and suppression" war, we must use newspapers and periodicals as a fighting position to attack the enemy. Without newspapers and periodicals as a fighting position, how can we attack the enemy even if we hide in small buildings? Lu Xun's trench warfare is When he wrote war essays, he used various pen names to confuse the enemy. When he wrote war essays, he used various ingenious artistic techniques to blind the enemy's eyes. In this way, he concealed himself and attacked the enemy, instead of "hiding in a small cell. Building" to protect oneself and attack the enemy. The third theory may not be consistent with reality. The fourth theory believes that "hiding in a small building" means holding on to one's position, and "unifying" is connected with the entire revolutionary struggle of the proletariat. But the original sentence says " "Hiding in a small building" means becoming unified, that is, hiding in a small building and becoming unified. It is not using the small building as a stronghold and then connecting it with the revolutionary base area to become unified. It is precisely because hiding in a small building that one can unify the world. Corresponding to "Don't care about winter, summer and spring and autumn", no matter what the political climate of the outside world is, it doesn't matter! If the small building is connected with the entire revolutionary struggle of the proletariat, then we must pay close attention to the politics of the outside world. How can we ignore the climate? Therefore, the Four Theory cannot help but go too far.
So what do these two sentences mean? Lu Xun was under the persecution of the reactionaries and was often hiding, so he hid in a small building. I will rule the world regardless of changes in the external political climate. This is "self-mockery", but it is not limited to self-mockery. It is also a satire that the Kuomintang reactionaries only know how to avoid, no matter how dangerous the motherland is. It is both "self-deprecating" and using "self-deprecating" to violently attack the enemy and hit the enemy's vital point. This shows that "self-deprecating" is a revolutionary battle. cooperation.