Poetic eyes
Taste the vivid "poetic eyes" or "unforgettable eyes", such as Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream", "A shower last night, a deep sleep is not necessary. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " The whole word "poetic eye" is "green, fat, red and thin", which is very expressive. Its expressive force is embodied in its vividness and appropriateness. For example, writing leaves with the word "fat" not only means more and more, but also can be associated with moist and bright shapes, which is very accurate and concise; This is also reflected in emotional notes. For example, using the word "thin" to write flowers is not only small, but also can feel pity, and use the whole word to express sentimental emotions. Another example is Jia Dao's "Li Ning lives in seclusion", which says, "There are few neighbors, and the grass path enters an empty garden. /The bird stopped in the tree by the pool and the monk knocked at the door. /color separation across the bridge, moving stones and moving cloud roots. /I will come back here temporarily, and I will live up to my words during the quiet period. " The word "you" in the title is "eye", which is the key to understanding the whole poem. Every couplet in the poem is closely linked with the word "seclusion". The first couplet is about the "seclusion" of residence: living in a corner, no one, quiet grass path and sparse empty garden. Parallel prose and neck couplets describe the "quietness" of the environment: parallel prose is lined with sounds, birds are singing in the trees by the pool, and the old monk gently knocks on the door in the bright moonlight, all of which show the quietness of the environment; Necklace writing from night to day, or from the perspective of the environment, but the vision is much broader, across the bridge, around the boulder, along the way, everywhere quiet, full of wild interest, the poet's inner joy arises spontaneously. Couplets reveal the poet's longing for seclusion. It can be seen that the key to reading poetry lies in grasping "poetic eyes" and "inscribing eyes".
Unscramble thoughts
To analyze the ideological content of poetry and correctly understand the ideological content of ancient poetry, the most fundamental thing is to learn to know people and talk about the world. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "If you want a paper, it is best to take the whole article, the author and his social state into account, which is more conclusive." For example, Li Qingzhao's Dream should be related to the background at that time: Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng were deeply attached to each other, but "Yi Anshu couldn't bear to leave without getting married for a long time" (Liu Yisheng's Song Ci), so we can grasp the question and answer to analyze it, and it is not difficult to understand the sentimental feelings of this word, which loves flowers and cherishes spring. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate ancient poetry, learn to know people and discuss the world, and grasp the tone and theme of poetry as a whole.
allusion
To explore the wonderful use of classical sentences in ancient poetry, allusions are often quoted, and poems are used to attract people's association with rich connotations. To appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the source and significance of allusions and poems, and explore the wonderful use of allusions and poems in ancient poetry. For example, in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow", "After ten miles in the spring breeze, the wheat is green". In other words, Du Mu's poem "Spring Breeze Yangzhou Road Shili" was used. Its application here makes the former prosperity of Yangzhou City in sharp contrast with the present depression, which hurts the memory of the past. Exploring the wonderful use of standardized sentences is the basis of accurately understanding ancient poetry.
Rhetorical device
Appreciating the expressive effect of rhetorical devices, in ancient poetry, due to the need of images and lyricism, various artistic techniques are often used to express it, among which the most important ones are metaphor, arousal, personification, exaggeration, duality, repetition and setting off. If we master the expressive effect of these devices, we can better understand the image of this poem and the author's feelings. How about "Singing Willow"? "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of strands of green silk tapestries hang down. I don't know who cut off the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. " The author abandons the simple and intuitive description method, breaks the traditional thinking of praising things and expressing ambitions, and creates a novel image with unique romantic color for us with strange imagination and clever metaphor. The first sentence uses "Jasper" (referring to a beautiful girl named Jasper in Yuefu's "Jasper Song") as a metaphor, which makes the poem attractive with a brand-new image at the beginning. In the second sentence, willow twigs droop, just like a green ribbon on a girl's body, and wicker is depicted with ribbons, which highlights the characteristics of tenderness and fluttering, vividly portrays the image of spring willow as silk, and gives people a vibrant aesthetic feeling. Ask and answer the last two sentences, and praise Chunliu again with clever metaphors. A "thin" and a "cut" depict the slender, soft, fresh and lovely leaves of the new willow in detail, revealing the author's surprise and admiration. "The spring breeze in February is like scissors". Comparing the spring breeze to the scissors in Jasper's clever hand, it turns the virtual into the real and has a strange imagination. He compared the willow tree to a graceful girl, painted a vibrant spring scene, and showed his praise for the vitality of spring. Therefore, to appreciate ancient poetry, we must understand the rhetorical devices and the specific images it refers to in order to correctly understand and grasp the profound connotation of poetry.
deepen one's understanding
Understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry is the artistic realm of the work and the harmonious unity of the author's thoughts, feelings and life prospects. Understanding the artistic conception of ancient poetry is the highest state of appreciation, which can make the appreciator enjoy beauty, cultivate emotion and purify the soul, thus actively and consciously creating and broadening the artistic realm of ancient poetry. Understanding artistic conception should pay attention to comparison, innovation and association. For example, Lu You's "Buzuwang" and Fan Chengda's "first frost Small Horn Plum" are all based on imaginary writing, taking plum as a metaphor to express people's feelings, but their artistic conception is different. From the environmental point of view, Lu Ci chose the stormy dusk, which highlighted the bitterness of the environment and laid the "lonely" image of plum blossom. The mode words choose a moonlit environment after snow for plum blossom, which sets off the lonely image of plum blossom. Judging from the author's emotional sustenance, Lu Ci, after writing the lonely image of plum blossom, has deepened the subjective spirit of plum blossom, which does not invite pets, flatters, bears the wind and rain alone and bears the fox's sorrow alone with two meanings of "loneliness" and "as always". "If you don't want to fight for spring, everyone is jealous." According to the characteristics of plum blossom, the author gave birth to the spiritual realm of plum blossom. She doesn't pursue the opening in spring, in order not to compete with flowers, flowers, flowers, and flowers, giving plum a noble sentiment of not seeking glory. "As always" further praised the noble and strong character of Meihua, and always kept moral integrity. "Dispersed", "turned into mud" and "ground into dust" gradually assumed the tragic fate of plum blossoms, and fell out of the preciousness of "only fragrance remains". The author uses Yongmei to express his ambition, and the individuality of flower products is integrated. Plum blossoms in typical ci do not have the multi-level features of plum blossoms in Lu ci. The poet expresses the charm of plum blossom with "winning without arrogance and losing with grace": the beauty is extreme, and the sadness is extreme. The image of plum blossom contrasts with the image of a person leaning on the painting floor, rendering melancholy. The image of plum blossom is both sad and touching. Once compared, the artistic conception of the two words is full of depth. Appreciation of ancient poetry is a creative and complicated spiritual activity. "Not only writers are creating, but readers are also creating. They are creative partners, and readers are often more like poets than poets. " (Ibsen) Therefore, a true understanding must be based on a thorough understanding of ancient poetry. Such as: Wang Zhihuan's "Heron House", the mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. "The average person's understanding of this poem only stays on the successful description of the magnificent scenery of nature, and of course it is far from appreciation. Some readers can further see that this poem is not limited to the description of magnificent scenery, but injected with the poet's high-spirited passion. However, this is still not the "poetic ignorance" and significance of this poem. Readers with strong appreciation ability can see the sublimation of this poem from sensibility to rationality through magnificent pictures and open artistic conception, and understand the intriguing philosophy contained in this poem: only by climbing high can you see far, success lies in pursuit, and career is endless. It can be seen that without a thorough understanding of the work, there can be no real appreciation. " Experienced people read books with two eyes, one eye sees the words on the paper, and the other eye sees the back of the paper. Goethe's famous saying tells the true meaning of appreciation of ancient poetry.