Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi.
1. Cao Cao
Cao Cao (155-March 15, 220), whose courtesy name was Mengde, whose last name was Geely, and whose nickname was Amo, was born in Qiao County, Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). )people. He was an outstanding politician, militarist, writer, and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Cao served as the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was later granted the title of King of Wei, laying the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. After his death, his posthumous title was King Wu. After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Taizu.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, internally eliminated the separatist forces such as Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao, and Han Sui, and externally surrendered the Southern Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, etc. , unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand farmland, build water conservancy, reward farmers and mulberry trees, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle the exiled population, and implement "rent modulation", thereby gradually stabilizing the society of the Central Plains. The economy is turning a corner.
Under the rule of Cao Cao, the politics of the Yellow River Basin gradually became clearer, the economy gradually recovered, class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some of the measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of the Han Dynasty had a positive effect. ?
Cao Cao was proficient in the art of war in the military and valued talents. For this reason, he would take the potential members under his command at all costs. In life, he was good at poetry to express his political ambitions and reflect the people of the late Han Dynasty. The suffering life, majestic spirit, generous and sad.
The prose is also clear and neat, which opened up and prospered Jian'an literature and left precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Lu Xun evaluated him as "the ancestor of reforming articles." At the same time, Cao Cao was also good at calligraphy. Zhang Huaiguan of the Tang Dynasty rated Cao Cao's calligraphy as "wonderful" in "Shujuan".
2. Cao Pi
Wei Emperor Cao Pi (winter 187 - June 29, 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was born in Qiao County, Peiguo, Yuzhou (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province) . A famous politician and writer during the Three Kingdoms period, he was the founding emperor of Cao Wei (reigned from 220 to 226). The second son of Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao and the eldest son of his wife, Mrs. Bian.
Cao Pi was well versed in both literature and martial arts since he was a child. He was well-read in classics and biographies, and was familiar with the theories of various schools of thought. In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Cao Pi defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi and was established as the crown prince of Wei.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an (220), Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi succeeded him as prime minister and king of Wei. In the same year, Shouchen ascended the throne and replaced Han with Wei, ending the Han Dynasty's more than 400 years of rule and establishing the Wei state.
During his reign, Cao Pi adopted the opinions of Chen Qun, the Minister of Civil Affairs, and ordered him to formulate the nine-rank Zhongzheng system in the first year of Huangchu (220), which became the main official selection system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
And pacified the separatist forces in Qingzhou and Xuzhou, and finally completed the unification of the north. Externally, the border troubles were suppressed, the Xianbei was repulsed, the relationship with the Xiongnu, Di, Qiang and other foreign barbarians was restored, and the establishment of the Western Regions was resumed.
In the seventh year of Huangchu (226), Cao Pi died of illness in Luoyang at the age of forty. His posthumous title was Emperor Wen, his temple name was Gaozu (as Shizu in Zizhi Tongjian), and he was buried in Shouyang Mausoleum.
Cao Pi was accomplished in poetry, fu, and literature, and was especially good at five-character poetry. Together with his father Cao Cao and his younger brother Cao Zhi, he was also known as the "Three Cao Cao of Jian'an". There are two volumes of "Collection of Emperor Wen of Wei" today.
In addition, Cao Pi wrote "Classics", of which "Thesis" is the first systematic monograph of literary criticism in the history of Chinese literature.
3. Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (192-December 27, 232), courtesy name Zijian, was born in Qiao County, Peiguo (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Wuyang (now Shenxian County, Shandong Province, also known as Juancheng) was the third son of Cao Cao and Queen Wuxuan Bian. He was King Chen during his lifetime and was given the posthumous name "Si" after his death, so he was also called King Chen Si.
Cao Zhi was a famous writer during the Three Kingdoms period. As one of the representatives and masters of Jian'an literature, he was respected as a model of articles during the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. His representative works include "Luo Shen Fu", "White Horse Pian", "Seven Sorrow Poems", etc.
Extended information:
Introduction to San Cao's literary works:
1. Cao Cao
1. "Viewing the Sea"
"Viewing the Sea" is a four-character poem written by Cao Cao, a poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This poem was written by Cao Cao when he was climbing the Jieshi Mountain and looking at the sea. He used a brush full of romantic passion to outline the magnificent scene of the sea swallowing up the sun and the moon and containing everything.
It depicts the majesty of the motherland's rivers and mountains. It not only depicts the magnificence of the mountains and the sea, but also expresses the poet's enterprising spirit of using the scenery to support his aspirations and having the world in mind. The whole poem has simple language, rich imagination, majestic momentum, desolation and tragic.
2. "The Turtle is Longevity"
"The Turtle is Longevity" is a four-character Yuefu poem written by Cao Cao, a writer and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This poem is part of the group of poems "Step Out" The fourth chapter of "Xia Men Xing".
The author compares himself to an old thousand-mile horse. Although he is old and weak, he still has the ambition to gallop thousands of miles in his chest, showing his strong and positive attitude towards life. It is full of real experiences of life and has a sincere and strong emotional power.
The whole poem is a blend of poetry and philosophy, with novel conception and clear and vigorous language. It integrates philosophical thinking, generous passion and artistic image, and the reasoning, clear aspirations and lyricism are realized in the specific artistic image. A perfect combination.
2. Cao Pi
1. "Dian Lun"
Cao Pi's "Dian Lun" is a treatise on politics and culture. The whole book was probably written in the Song Dynasty It was lost, and only two relatively complete pieces, "Autobiography" and "Essay", remain.
"Dian Lun" is an early literary monograph that appeared in the history of Chinese literary criticism. It is also an important document in the history of literary criticism in the Han and Wei dynasties. It discusses important issues such as the attitude of literary criticism, the writer's personality and the style of his works, the distinction of literary styles, and the value of literature.
The "wen" discussed is an article in a broad sense, including literary works, and involves several very important issues in literary criticism. Although it is somewhat rough, it has played a significant role in the history of literary criticism. The role of opening up the atmosphere.
2. "Two Songs of Yan"
"Two Songs of Yan" is a poem written by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty. It is about a woman missing her husband who is a guest in a distant place. It is romantic. Masterpiece. The language of the whole poem is clear and beautiful, the emotions are euphemistic, and the syllables are harmonious. The emotions of the characters are expressed as lingering, sad, and moving.
This is the oldest complete seven-character poem in the history of Chinese literature. Although it uses rhyme for every sentence and has the shortcoming of monotonous rhyme, it occupies a very important position in the history of the development of Chinese poetry.
3. Cao Zhi
1. "Poetry in Seven Steps"
"Poetry in Seven Steps" is a poem by Cao Zhi, a poet of Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period. This poem uses 萁 and beans, which are born from the same root, to describe brothers with the same father and mother.
Using the fried beans to describe the cruelty of his brother Cao Pi to his brother, Cao Pi expresses his strong dissatisfaction with Cao Pi. It vividly and profoundly reflects the cruel struggle within the feudal ruling group and the poet's own difficult situation. Depressed and angry thoughts and feelings.
2. "Luo Shen Fu"
"Luo Shen Fu" is a famous poem written by Cao Zhi, a writer of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period in China.
This poem fictionalizes the author's encounter with Luo Shen and their longing and love for each other. The image of Luo Shen is extremely beautiful, and the love between man and God is vague and blurry. However, due to the different ways of man and God, they cannot be combined. Finally, he expresses the infinite The feeling of sadness and melancholy.
The whole article can be roughly divided into six paragraphs: the first paragraph, when the author returned from Luoyang to his fiefdom, saw Luo Shen standing on the cliff in a trance; the second paragraph wrote about the beauty of Luo Shen's appearance and clothing; the third paragraph The writer admires Luo Shen for being knowledgeable about etiquette and good at speaking. Although he exchanges gifts with each other, he is worried that the encounter will be hindered.
The fourth paragraph describes the situation and actions of Luo Shen in the future after feeling the sincerity of the "king"; the fifth paragraph describes the arrival of Luo Shen with many followers, but finally left with hatred because of the differences between humans and gods.
The sixth paragraph describes the author's deep affection for Gu Wang after Luo Shen left. The whole poem has gorgeous diction, delicate descriptions, rich imagination, and lingering thoughts, as if there is sustenance.
Baidu Encyclopedia——Sancao