Li Bai, Poet Fairy, Patriotic Chivalrous Man —— The Story of Li Bai
Go to the countryside with a sword, leave your relatives and travel far.
In 70 1 A.D., Li Bai was born in Broken Leaf City (in present-day Kyrgyzstan) in Duhufu, Anxi. At the age of five, he moved to Sichuan with his family.
Li Bai's father is a businessman. Li Bai's family is rich and he received a good education from an early age. At that time, the mainstream social thought in the Tang Dynasty was Confucianism's "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world", which also left an indelible mark on Li Bai's heart. As early as his youth, Li Bai took "helping the poor and securing the country" as his responsibility, and he was brilliant, hoping to enter the political arena with the help of the emperor.
But the times at that time played a big joke on Li Bai. The Sixth Code of the Tang Dynasty stipulates that businessmen's sons are forbidden to participate in scientific research. From this point of view, it is impossible for Li Bai to realize his ideal of life through the imperial examination. In 724 AD, 24-year-old Li Bai walked out of Bashu with the ambition of "building the world by himself". He is full of confidence in his talent, crossing Chengdu and Xiayuzhou, with a sword like Changhong, and proudly roaming around looking for opportunities.
In 725 AD, Li Bai met a famous Taoist in Jiangling. The name of this Taoist priest is Sima Chengzhen. Sima saw Li Bai and admired him very much. Li Bai was very excited when he said that he was "like a saint". He wrote Fu Dapeng, comparing Dapeng Bird with Tianma and Xiong Jian: "Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars into Wan Li. If the wind stops, it can still lift away the raging water. " Even without the help of the wind, this Dapeng can sweep away the turbulent water with its wings. At that time, Li Bai was deeply influenced by Zhuangzi's Taoist philosophy, and his heart was full of romantic fantasies and grand ambitions.
Li Bai, Poet Fairy, Patriotic Chivalrous Man —— The Story of Li Bai
In 726 AD, 26-year-old Li Bai came to Anzhou (now Anlu County, Hubei Province) to get married and have children. His first wife, Xu, was the granddaughter of Prime Minister Xu. Xu Shi later gave birth to a son and a daughter for Li Bai. In the two years after their marriage, he met Ma, Governor Shi Lijing and later Governor Shi Peimou. He thought that relying on his wife Xu Shijia's political influence and his own talents in Anlu, he could do a lot. But in fact, although the Xu family was prominent in the early Tang Dynasty, times have changed, and there are no descendants in the DPRK. Therefore, Li Bai's marriage choice did not add much chips to his career development. Coupled with his unruly personality and arrogant personality, Li Bai accomplished nothing in Anlu and all his activities failed.
It's a hard journey. Come back.
In 73 1 year, Li Bai set out from Anlu and arrived in Chang 'an in autumn to find a job. During his stay in Chang 'an, Li Bai lived in seclusion and tried to be introduced.
However, at the age of 3 1 year, Li Bai still failed. He wrote the first poem "Difficult Road to Shu" that has been handed down to this day. By writing about the hardships of Shu Dao, he actually wrote about the frustrations of his official career and expressed his feelings.
In 732 AD, Li Bai left Chang 'an to seek immortality. During this period, he and Yuan Danqiu went to Suizhou to visit Hu Ziyang, a famous Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, and also visited Songshan Mountain (located in the west of Henan Province, one of the Five Mountains). Perhaps it was an unintentional move, but his visit to Taoism and seeking immortality won him some fame, which inadvertently reached the ears of Tang Xuanzong at that time and became the beginning of his later call to Beijing.
When Li Bai was 35, it happened that Xuanzong was hunting. He took this opportunity to give the Great Hunting Fu to Xuanzong, and then went to Chang 'an, where he met the princess and the prime minister of the DPRK and the leader of the poetry circle. He Zhangzhi marveled at his talent, saying that he was the reincarnation of Taibai Venus in the sky and called him "fallen fairy". Because of his admiration, Li Bai became more famous. In 736 AD, Li Bai's wife Xu died unfortunately, and he left Chang 'an again. Li Bai, who entered the Xu family because of adoption, traveled abroad all the year round. Previously, his wife was responsible for raising and caring for two children. Now that his wife has passed away, the Xu family is no longer suitable for staying. He hurriedly moved to East Road (Shandong) with his children.
In 742 AD, due to the recommendation of the princess and He, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and appreciated them very much, so he called Li Bai into the palace. Seeing that Li Bai was gentle and handsome, Xuanzong got down from the sedan chair, personally took Li Bai to sit on the Qibao bed and personally prepared soup for him. It can be said that Li Bai received a special reception beyond the specifications. Xuanzong asked some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai answered them with his half-life knowledge and long-term observation of society. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated and immediately summoned Li Bai as a post-Hanlin to accompany the emperor and write poems for his entertainment.
God is always a little silly. Li Bai seems to get what he wants, but in fact, it is not a bright road leading to a brilliant future. Hanlin's summoned position can't realize his ideal of becoming a minister of Zaifu and displaying his political talents. Bai, who is wild and unruly by nature, how can he hope to become a jester like a royal scholar? He is getting more and more tired of life, and he is also frustrated by the imperiousness of eunuchs and the arrogance of consorts. In the palace, Li Bai still adhered to the consistent principle of "striving for self-improvement and refusing to work for others", laughing at the dignitaries and making friends with the princes' personality, thus offending many dignitaries and colleagues. The courtiers around Xuanzong took advantage of Li Bai's weakness and slandered Xuanzong many times. However, in this unfavorable situation, he is even more degenerate, often wandering around restaurants, drunk drafting letters. Once, he got drunk and told Gao Lishi to take off his shoes. What's more, once Xuanzong wanted to summon him, he didn't come. Even so, Li Bai was not killed because of the appreciation of Tang Xuanzong. Finally, he was "repaid" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and then left Chang 'an.
If you want to help your whole life, the rest of your life is not too late.
In the summer of 744 AD, Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met the poet Du Fu. The two met briefly and then met. In autumn, they arrived in Kaifeng as promised, seeking immortality and preventing ancient times. In winter, Li Bai and Du Fu broke up, and Li Bai went to the Amethyst Palace in qi zhou (now Jinan) and became a monk. The following year, Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Shandong.
Li Bai, Poet Fairy, Patriotic Chivalrous Man —— The Story of Li Bai
In 749 AD, 49-year-old Li Bai remarried in Liangyuan (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). His second wife, the imperial clan, was the granddaughter of a prime minister, and his grandfather, Zong Chuke, was the prime minister, but he was a villain in the political history of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai still hopes that the identity of his wife's descendants will bring convenience to his career.
In 755 AD, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai took Zongnan to avoid the rebellion and lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. During this period, Li Bai's children were still in East Road (Shandong), and he sent public servants to look for them, but there was no result. Later, Li Lin, the sixteenth son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, sent an envoy Wei Zichun to ask Li Bai to go down the mountain. Li Bai also wanted to make some military contributions to pacify the Anshi rebellion by joining the army, so as to gain greater fame in the future, so he took his sword into the military camp. That year, he was 57.
Li Bai never imagined that Li Lin would rise up and rebel. After Li Lin was defeated in 757 AD, Li Bai was also implicated and imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang). His wife went over the mountains to save her husband. Finally, Li Bai was finally rescued by his friends, and was only punished by exile Yelang (now the border area of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan). In 759 AD, Tang Suzong granted amnesty to the whole world, and Li Bai was also pardoned. Li Bai also regarded this pardon as an important opportunity. At this time, the Tang Dynasty was in an Anshi rebellion. Li Bai believes that he can still serve his country.
In 762 AD, in Dongzhen, Li Guangbi, who was involved in pacifying the Anshi Rebellion, was near the Huaihe River. Li Bai went to kill the enemy when he heard the news, regardless of his age of 6 1. He hoped to try his best to save the country from peril in his later years, but he was seriously ill on the way, so he had no choice but to return and finally took refuge in his uncle, Li, a famous seal writer in the Tang Dynasty. On his deathbed, Li Bai gave the manuscript to Li and asked him to compile it.
Sing a dying song and die.
In 762 AD, Li Bai wrote a dying song and died. Buried in Longshan, dangtu county, Maanshan City, Anhui Province. His descendants accomplished nothing and were penniless. After Li Bai's death, Li carefully compiled Li Bai's poems into Caotang Collection (volume 10) and made a preface for it (now lost).
He wrote in "The Song of Dying" that when a big fly came, it shook on all sides, and the sky would fall and the earth would fall. The rest of the wind can inspire the world, and Fusang hanging on my left sleeve. Later generations got the news and passed it on. Zhong Ni is dead. Who else can cry for my death? The poet compared himself to Dapeng all his life. Indeed, he is a Dapeng flying towards the ideal. When he was young, he thought he could soar. However, now this Dapeng is old. Although he struggled to fly, his wings were broken in mid-air ... When the poet came to the end of his life, he recalled his endless sadness. He doesn't know whether his ideal, his personality, his struggle and his sadness will be understood.
Regarding the death of Li Bai, the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty has only a brief narrative, saying that Li Bai "died drunk in Xuancheng because of excessive drinking"; There is also a folklore that Li Bai got drunk on the Dangtu River and drowned because he jumped into the water to catch the moon, which is very in line with the poet's character and very romantic.
The life of "Poet Fairy" is full of legend. As an official in imperial academy, he has the opportunity to realize his ideal of "securing the country and helping the poor". Therefore, he is a Confucian scholar. He used to be a Taoist, and he was a sage like type. Of course, he is also a chivalrous man who sends ships, fights swords all over the world and travels around three mountains and five lakes. No matter what role he used to be, I hope he can make contributions, worship and make a name for himself.
As a poet with flesh and blood, Li Bai's political means are naive because of his keener emotional experience and more unruly emotional expression than ordinary people. He didn't go directly to the official position and help the world, nor did he retire from his official career calmly. Instead, I struggled painfully all my life between being an official and retiring, interacting with setbacks and frustrations. He felt sad and angry when he failed in his work and went home discontentedly. When he was called to Beijing and was about to be appreciated by the monarch, he got carried away ... It was the poet's political failure that in turn prompted him to "speak out". Li Bai put his sincerity to the country and compassion for the people into his ambition and anguish.
In his time, Li Bai could not realize the ideal and value of making contributions as a poet. His ideal of achieving worldly fame and pursuing free personality cannot be unified, which is his fate of striving hard anyway. However, the drift from place to place, poverty and illness did not make him give up his ambition of "serving the country by himself" or give in to any powerful family. The patriotic feelings and independent personality of the poet represent the conscience and character of intellectuals of that era and are the most precious spiritual heritage left to us.
Precautions:
Dan Qiusheng: Yuan Danqiu was one of the famous Taoist priests and a famous hermit in Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty. Li Bai has been in contact with him for 22 years, and because he knew the "heroine" in Taoism at that time-Princess Yu Zhen, the sister of Xuanzong. There are as many poems written to him in The Complete Works of Li Taibai as 1 1.
Visit a high-ranking person for a certain purpose. The purpose of Li Bai's activities is to get a chance to enter the body.