Untitled
Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .
translate
The opportunity to meet each other is really hard to get, and it is even more difficult to part when we break up. Besides, the weather in late spring, the east wind is about to close, which makes people feel sad.
Spring silkworms don't spin silk when they die, and wax oil like tears can drip dry when candles are burned to ashes.
Women dress up in front of the mirror in the morning, only worrying that the plump bangs will change color and the youthful appearance will disappear. Men can't sleep at night, so they must feel Leng Yue's aggression.
The other party's residence is not far from Penglai Mountain, but there is no road to cross, but it is out of reach. I hope an angel like a bluebird will visit my lover diligently for me.
To annotate ...
⑴ Untitled: Since the Tang Dynasty, some poets often use "untitled" as the title of their poems when they are unwilling to mark the topic that can express the theme.
(2) The east wind has risen, and a hundred flowers are blooming: this refers to the late spring season, when a hundred flowers wither. East wind, spring breeze. Remain, wither.
⑶ silk perfection: silk is homophonic with "thinking", which means "thinking" and contains the meaning of acacia.
(4) wax torch: candle.
5] Tears begin to dry: Tears refer to the burning candle oil, and pun here refers to the tears of lovesickness.
[6] Xiao Jing: Dress in the morning and look in the mirror. Mirror, used as a verb, means to look in the mirror.
(7) Clouds and temples: Women have beautiful hair, which is a metaphor of youth.
Realize: the imaginary world.
Leng Yue: refers to the deepening of the night.
⑽ Pengshan: Penglai Mountain, the legendary sea fairy mountain, refers to fairyland.
⑾ Jade Bird: a mythical messenger to the Queen Mother of the West.
⑿ Diligence: Friendship is sincere and profound.
[13] access (kān): access.
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This poem expresses love psychology in a feminine tone, and contains burning desire and persistence in sadness and pain. The emotional realm is profound and rich.
The first two sentences are about the unfortunate experience of love and the mood of the lyric hero: it is difficult for a pair of lovers to meet each other because of some power. The pain of separation is unbearable for her. The "don't" in the first sentence does not mean that we say goodbye now, but refers to the established forced separation. The word "difficult" is difficult to satisfy, and the other is pain and embarrassment. In previous poems, some sentences, such as "It is easy to meet another day when it is difficult" ("Ge Yanxing") and "It is easy to meet another day when it is difficult" ("Ding Du Hugh"), all emphasize the difficulty of reunion and lament the pain of parting. Li Shangyin went a step further from here, saying that "it's hard to give up and it's painful". The poet used the word "difficult" twice in one sentence, and the appearance of the second word "difficult" gave people a slight sense of suddenness because of repetition, which made the whole poem interlocking and made the parting pain of reunion after a long separation particularly profound and lingering because of the low expression. This lingering modality is hard to understand in the flat narrative of "Don't be easy to get". This lyric hero is already so sad, but facing the scenery in late spring, of course, it makes her sad. In late spring, the east wind is weak, flowers bloom and fall, and the beautiful spring is about to pass away. Human resources are helpless about this, but their misfortune and mental pain are the same as those in front of them. Because beautiful things have been destroyed, isn't this a cause of endless disappointment and regret? The phrase "the east wind rises and a hundred flowers blossom" not only describes the natural environment, but also reflects the poet's state of mind. Things blend with me, and the mind and nature reach a subtle fit. This kind of description that reflects people's situation and feelings with scenery is common in Li Shangyin's works. For example, the first two sentences of "A note to friends in the north on a rainy night" say: "Jun asked that the return date is undecided, and the rain rose in the autumn pool in the evening." The second sentence not only symbolizes that the poet stays in Bashu, but also reflects the boredom of leaving. For example, in "And the East Wind Has Arised, Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom", realism and symbolism are integrated into one, giving feelings a tangible external form, which is usually called the lyrical way of feeling in the scene.
In three or four sentences, it is more tortuous to write the feelings of "seeing each other late" and "inseparable"; The word "silk" in "Spring silkworms must weave until they die" is homophonic with "thinking". You miss each other like silkworms until you die. "And the candle will cry the wick every night" is a metaphor for the endless pain of not being together, as if the candle burned to ashes and the wax tears ran out. I miss you a lot, showing deep attachment, but I will spend my life missing you, but it also shows that there is no time to meet you and there is no hope for the future. Therefore, his pain will accompany him all his life. However, although the future is hopeless, she loves it to death and will be attached to it all her life; Despite the pain, there is only patience. Therefore, in these two sentences, there are both disappointed sadness and pain, as well as lingering and burning persistence and pursuit. Pursuit is hopeless, and we still have to pursue it in hopelessness, so this pursuit is also pessimistic. These feelings seem to circulate endlessly, and it is difficult to find an end. It seems to have formed a multi-faceted solid, and light can't see the whole picture from one angle. The poet successfully expressed such a complicated psychological state with only two metaphors, which shows that his association is very rich. The phrase "Spring Silkworm" is first of all the association between the lingering attachment of human beings and the endless spinning of spring silkworms, and then from the spinning of silkworms to the ending of "death" and then to the unswerving love of human beings. So writing "silk to death" gives this image various metaphorical meanings. "Silkworm should not be old (no, it means' ignoring' here), and it often wears silk day and night. What a pity! When you are exhausted, it is time to be lingering. " The intention is similar to the sentence of "Spring Silkworm" in Untitled. The idea of "how to be tired" of spring silkworms here is a kind of idea of "lingering has its own time", and its future is quite promising. The phrase "spring silkworm" in Untitled is not like this. As far as its pursuit spirit is concerned, its pursuit is hopeless. But there is no hope, the emotional realm is different, and Lenovo is more tortuous. In the Yuefu before Li Shangyin, it was not uncommon to compare burning candles with suffering. For example, "Thinking of you is like a candle, frying in the middle of the night" (Wang Rong's "Gentleman Coming Out"), "Thinking of you is like a candle, frying in tears for a thousand lines" (Chen, same topic) and so on. "Every night the candle will cry the wick away" is also a metaphor of the candle, but it does not simply compare the pain with wax tears. But through "starting from the ashes", it further embodies the painful feeling of life. Lenovo is much more profound and complicated than previous people, and its image is much richer.
The above four sentences focus on revealing inner emotional activities and concretizing unspeakable complex feelings, which are beautifully written. Five or six sentences are translated into extroverted ideas. The first sentence is about yourself, and the second sentence is about imagining each other. "Changing temples" refers to being unable to sleep at night because of painful torture, resulting in the loss of temples and gaunt face, which is what Wu Yun, a poet of the Six Dynasties, said: "Worrying changes temples, crying makes beauty disappear" (Six Poems with Ma Xiaoxi). However, the sentence "Xiao Jing" in Untitled said that when I looked in the mirror in the morning, I was worried about "cloud change" and it was "but worried"-just worried. This vividly describes the spiritual activities of graceful songs, rather than simply describing the fact that youth is consumed by pain. The night is haggard because of pain, and the morning is haggard and painful. The pain at night is because the pursuit of love cannot be realized; The next day I was worried about haggard, hoping to stay young for love. In short, I am haggard with love, but I am depressed with pain. This lingering feeling day and night still shows a painful and persistent heart. The phrase "nocturne" is to put yourself in the other person's shoes and imagine that the other person is as painful as himself. He guessed that the other party would probably suffer from insomnia at night and often sang poems to mourn, but he was so worried that he couldn't get rid of it, so he felt that the environment was getting more and more desolate, the moonlight was cold, and his mood was even more bleak. The hue under the moon is cold, and "feeling cold in the moonlight" reflects psychological desolation through physical coldness. The word "should" is a tone of conjecture and expectation, indicating that all this is my imagination of the other party. The imagination is so vivid that it reflects her eagerness and deep understanding of her lover.
The more concrete you imagine, the deeper you miss, and the more you will ignite the desire to meet. Since there is no hope of meeting each other, I have to ask the messenger to pay tribute to myself. Go and see him yourself. This is the last two sentences. Poems often compare immortal couples. Jade bird is the messenger of a goddess, the Queen Mother of the West. Pengshan is a fairy mountain in myths and legends, so here Pengshan is regarded as the symbol of the other party's residence, and Jade Bird appears as the messenger of the lyric hero. This hope at the end of Messenger has not changed the painful situation of "meeting each other late", but it is hopeless hope, the future is still slim, the poem is over, and the pain and pursuit of the lyric hero will continue.
This poem is full of pain, disappointment, lingering and persistent feelings from beginning to end. Every couplet in the poem is a reflection of this emotional state, but the specific artistic conception of each couplet is different. They repeatedly show the complex emotions throughout the poem from different sides, and at the same time reflect the psychological process with this complex emotion as its content vertically with their close connection. This continuous, implicit and profound lyricism successfully reproduces the deep affection in my heart.
Li Shangyin had similar descriptions in the first, third, fourth and fifth sentences of his previous poetry creation. The poet was inspired, inherited and used for reference by his predecessors. However, he did not simply imitate his predecessors, but took a big step forward with high creativity, transforming the original simple means of expression into more tortuous and vivid, so as to reflect richer and deeper thoughts and feelings. In fact, he has removed the old traces and become a new creation. It can be seen that the poet's rich literary accomplishment and exploration of artistic conception and means of expression are important conditions for the success of this poem.