Single-emotion type
This type of question expresses a relatively single emotion. The scope of appreciation can be the entire poem or part of the poem. For example, question 9 of the 2016 National New Curriculum Standard Paper I:
Jinling looks at the Han River
Li Bai
The Han River flows back thousands of miles and is made into a nine-dragon plate.
Cui Wei flew swiftly across China.
After the fall of the Six Emperors, Sanwu was insignificant.
I, the king, am in chaos, and I hang my bow to the public.
Today I am the young master, and I will stop fishing in Canglang.
Note: The meaning of these two sentences is that today the young master no longer needs to fish, because there are no giant fish in the rivers and seas, which is a metaphor for the fact that there are no giant bandits that harm the country. Mr. Ren is a legendary figure in "Zhuangzi". He used a large hook and a lot of bait to catch a huge fish.
9. What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed by the allusion of Mr. Ren in the poem?
One of the tips for appreciation is to use annotations to understand the poet's emotions
Annotations are a prompt, or a hint, and are a way for the proposer to reduce the difficulty of the proposition. . Making good use of the information provided by test question annotations is a problem-solving technique.
Analyzing the emotions in allusions, in terms of the purpose expressed, they can be divided into two types. One is to borrow classics to express aspirations, and the other is to borrow classics to renovate.
"Borrowing allusions to express aspirations" means using allusions to express the poet's own emotions through the past and present. Such questions often require candidates to analyze the poet's allusion skills and the thoughts and feelings expressed in the poem.
The above example requires analyzing the emotions expressed by the allusion to "Ren Gongzi" in the poem. At first glance, it seems difficult, but upon closer inspection, it is not difficult to find the mystery of the solution. The secret here is to "skilfully use the annotations to understand the poet's emotions." The annotation to the test question says that the two sentences "Today Mr. Ren will stop his fishing rod in Canglang" are based on the legendary figure Mr. Ren in Zhuangzi. Mr. Ren no longer needs to fish because there are no giant fish in the rivers and seas; this metaphor means that the world is unified and there are no giant bandits that harm the country. The first eight lines of the poem are a historical review derived from the scenery in front of us: The Yangtze River stretches and twists and flows for thousands of miles. It is divided into nine tributaries just like nine giant dragons. The overflowing river once flooded China, and its waves were turbulent and swift. Since the six dynasties of emperors (the Three Kingdoms of Wu, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen all had their capitals in Nanjing, known as the Six Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties in history), the Three Wu Dynasties have lost their former glory and cannot be praised. The wise king of our dynasty (Tang Dynasty) unified the world, and he ruled with his hands hanging down his clothes. Therefore, today's "Master Ren" no longer needs to go fishing in the sea and can stop fishing. After reading the whole poem, and then focusing on the allusions that have been annotated, it is not difficult to understand the emotions expressed in the last two sentences: one is a praise of the king of the Tang Dynasty, and the other is a self-portrait of "Ren Gongzi" to express the useless role of the hero. of loss.
Answer 9. ① The author refers to the absence of giant fish in the water to refer to the absence of giant bandits in the world, expressing his praise for the Tang Dynasty’s unification of the world and its great achievements in creating a prosperous age; ② The author compares himself to Mr. Ren and feels that there are no giants in the peaceful and prosperous age. Given the opportunity to display his talents, there is inevitably a hint of disappointment that the hero has no place to play.
Look at "Borrowing and Renovating" again. That is to borrow allusions and find new meanings, often in the opposite direction.
For example, question 9 of Volume I of the 2013 National New Curriculum Standard:
Magpie Bridge Immortal
Lu You
The lanterns are sweeping, the saddles are carved Chi She, who remembers his heroic deeds? Drunkards were granted titles one by one and went to work alone as fishermen on the riverside.
The light boat is eight feet tall and has three low awnings, occupying Duanping Island in the misty rain. Jinghu Zhuyuan belongs to idlers, so why should you give it to me!
Note Jinghu: Jianhu, in today’s Shaoxing, Zhejiang. In the early Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, He Zhizhang asked to return to his hometown of Kuaiji to become a Taoist priest, and Xuanzong issued an edict to grant him a corner of Jinghu Lake.
9. The end of the poem borrows He Zhizhang’s story. What is the purpose of this? Please give a brief analysis.
To appreciate this poem and answer the test questions, you must first grasp the content of the entire poem, and then start with the annotations to accurately understand Lu You's anger and injustice. This poem was written by Lu You when he was leisurely living in his hometown of Shanyin (Shaoxing). Kang Jin's long-cherished wish has not been fulfilled and he is living idle. Lu You's heart is filled with deep loneliness, anger, injustice and helpless loss. The poem "Going alone to be a fisherman by the river" expresses this kind of complaint about having no choice but to live in seclusion. The last two sentences of Xia Que are borrowed from the story of He Zhizhang (see the notes after the words), and they are used in the opposite sense. He Zhizhang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, returned to his hometown in old age. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once ordered him to give him a corner of Jinghu Lake as a sign of compassion. Lu You borrowed this story to create a new meaning: Since the officials (emperors) have left me idle, this Jinghu Fengyue belongs to idlers, so does it still need to be given by your officials? Xuanzong ordered to grant Jinghu Lake, but He Zhizhang did not refuse it, but Lu Youyou said that Jinghu Lake Fengyue belongs to me and does not need to be rewarded by others. The disdain and injustice shown in it are passionate and generous; the arrogance and high demeanor are admirable.
Answer 9. Used to implicitly express disdain and indignation towards the ruler.
Since the emperor put "me" in idleness, Jinghu Fengyue was originally an idle person, so why do I need your emperor's favor? Besides, the world is so big that there is no place for me, an idle person, so who cares about your emperor’s gift!