[Full text]
I walked through Jiangnan.
The appearance in the season is like the opening and falling of lotus flowers.
If the east wind does not come, catkins will not fly in March.
Your heart is like a little lonely city.
Like a bluestone street facing the night.
Without a sound, the spring curtain in March can't be lifted.
Your heart is a small closed window.
My dada horseshoe is a beautiful mistake.
I am not a returnee, I am a passer-by. ...
[Simple translation]
"Wrong" describes the changing process of a woman's mood waiting for her return. After a long time, the lotus flowers bloom and fall. Her heart is like a "lonely little city", closed, dull and lifeless. In this "city"-the east wind doesn't come, the catkins don't fly, and the dusk street is deserted. She closed her heart in disappointment. At this time, the pounding of dada's hooves came from the street, which brought new hope to her. But this hope is just a "beautiful mistake". This is not her wish to return home, but just a passer-by.
A Brief Introduction to the Author of Mistakes
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Zheng Chouyu, male, 1933, from Jinan, Shandong. During the Anti-Japanese War, she traveled around the mainland with her mother, and her mother taught her to read ancient poems during her refuge. /kloc-started writing new poems at the age of 0/5. However, he said he didn't copy the legacy of classical poetry at all. Everyone thinks that his poems have the essence of classical poetry, just because he has the emotional appeal of classical poets, but the language of his poems is mainly vernacular, and his life experiences are mainly expressed.
1949 moved to Taiwan Province province with his family. After graduating from Zhongxing University, he published his first book of poetry, Dream, in Taiwan Province Province. Most of his early poems were about caring for society. 1968, 35-year-old Zheng Chouyu was invited to participate in the "International Writing Project" in Iowa, USA. 1972 She obtained a master's degree in creative arts from the University of Iowa and stayed there to teach Chinese. The following year, she transferred to Yale University as a senior lecturer in the East Asian Language Department. She is now a resident poet and senior Chinese tutor at Yale University.
Zheng Chouyu is a major member of the modern poetry club. His poems are graceful and graceful, especially his love poems are fresh and graceful. If Zheng Chouyu's works can arouse people's deepest feelings, it is nothing more than beauty and affection, then the poem Wrong is one of the best, which has established the poet's position and influence in Taiwan's poetry circles.
Relevant Interpretation of Poetry Errors
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On the China of Poetry
When I first read this poem, the first thing I felt was its China. This is an absolute China poem, a poem belonging to China people, which tells an eternal and beautiful story of China. Therefore, although the shell of this poem flaunts the modernism of western learning spreading to the east, there is no doubt that it conveys a deeper traditional consciousness of China.
Most of Zheng's poems take travelers as lyric heroes and are called "prodigal poets". "I grew up in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, so I was exposed to the suffering of China and the wandering life of the people. I wrote these in poems, and some people called me a prodigal son. In fact, what influenced my childhood and youth was more the traditional spirit of benevolence and righteousness. " (The combination of benevolent spirit and prodigal feelings) His poems are probably as well known as Li Houzhu and Li Shangyin in Taiwan Province. One of his poems is the spirit of "benevolence and righteousness" which is bold, frank and open-minded, just like Li Bai; The other is graceful mood, full of twists and turns, touching feelings, shy to speak, just like Li Shangyin. These two qualities fully show the poet's profound classical literature accomplishment. It is this accomplishment that made him avoid the shortcomings of modernist poetry in Taiwan Province Province, and integrated China's traditional consciousness with the expression of western modernism, becoming an out-and-out "China poet in China".
On the theme of poetry
The poem Mistakes can be said to inherit the tradition of China's ancient palace grievances and in my heart forever's poems. In the poem, the protagonist "I" rides a horse and travels far south of the Yangtze River, leaving a woman to live alone in an empty boudoir, waiting for her lover "I" to return day and night. However, the spoony affection of the woman has brought a long and boring wait. Therefore, her heart is "like an isolated city", and there is no "east wind" to deliver news for her, and there is no "catkin" flying all over the sky in spring; Therefore, her heart is a "small window", always paying attention to the "sound" on Qingshi Road, and you can see the colorful spring scenery outside the window without even lifting the curtains. Liu Yuxi's Spring Poem is similar to the above grievances, but it is implicit and profound.
Finally, I came back. Dada's hoof looks beautiful to her, because the lover who has been looking forward to it day and night has come back, but in a blink of an eye, this infinite joy has turned into infinite disappointment. Because "I" was just passing by, not "going home". This "beautiful mistake" played a trick on her, as if God played a trick on her.
Perhaps, some people will understand the "I" in the poem as the sorrow of the prodigal son's homelessness, and this understanding is not unreasonable. In that turbulent era, the mentality of people in Taiwan Province Province was wandering, waiting to have a place one day. They are just a passer-by on the island of Taiwan Province Province, thinking that one day they can return to their hometown to reunite with their relatives. However, due to political reasons, their wishes could not be realized, resulting in a sense of loss and melancholy. However, if we try to compare Zheng Chouyu's other poems with errors, it is not difficult to find strong circumstantial evidence. For example, in Zheng Chouyu's Little Three, lines such as "I think loneliness and waiting are good for women" and "Because I am not the kind of person who often goes home" all show the theme that women stay in the boudoir and wait for the protagonist to return. In another poem, The Slave Outside the Window, "I am the God of the South, with my bare arms wrapped in a gauze-like night. Therefore, the star hanging on my wrist is my slave. " It also reveals the bleak mood of women waiting for men to return in the long and lonely years.
On the characteristics of poetry
To sum up, the characteristics of poetry mainly include the following points:
(1) It is clear but not obvious, hidden but not gloomy, and euphemistically expresses the feeling of leaving. (2) The images in poetry are very traditional and China. Images such as Dongfeng, Catkin, Qingshi Street, Window Fan and Spring Curtain create unique emotional artistic conception, try their best to render strong melancholy, and show the depression of long-lost relatives and the melancholy of not being together in a tortuous way. (3) This poem is deeply influenced by China's classical poetry. It inherits the tradition of China's ancient palace grievances and funeral march's poems, but only expresses this theme in modern language. (4) Short and unique, light and clear, beautiful and sad, "comparable to Song poetry". (5) Metaphor is a novel, fresh and weak woman who goes to Qiu Lai day after day in the spring and stays alone, looking haggard. The poet refers to the decline of women's beauty by "the opening and falling of lotus flowers"; Describe women's claustrophobic inner world with Little Lonely City and Windows Closed.
[On the Artistic Skills of Poetry]
Mistake has nine lines and 94 words. The whole article is not long, but its artistic skills are not only praised, but also recited orally. Structurally, it implies two clues: vertical and horizontal. The obvious vertical line is from large view to small view, with distinct layers. The first two sentences are set in the vast south of the Yangtze River, then the camera moves to the small town, then to the streets, curtains and window leaves, and finally falls on the horseshoe, breaking the silence ahead. This kind of writing is quite similar to the spatial processing of the big scene from "There are no birds in a hundred mountains" to the small scene where fishermen fish alone in the middle of the river in Jiang Xue by Liu Zongyuan, which pushes the poem to a climax. Judging from the horizontal line, the first two sentences should be the end. It is precisely because "I" walked from Jiangnan to that woman's place and didn't go in. The woman's expectation of "face like lotus" became disheartened. The last two sentences should have been "I'm not a passer-by, just a passer-by", so "my horseshoe is a beautiful mistake". Here the poet used a small inversion sentence. This arrangement has created an uneven level of structure, which is more poetic and shines brightly in disharmony.
Another touching feature of this poem is the beauty of its language, especially the number of "beautiful mistakes". This sentence is inherently contradictory. The horseshoe of Dada sings the deep heart of women's hope for reunion, so it is beautiful. However, the horseshoe just passed in front and didn't stop for her expectation. This is a mistake. This ups and downs, back and forth reversal scene, has produced a high degree of drama, but also formed a refreshing ups and downs. If it is associated with the China nature of this poem, it is similar to the artistic conception expressed by William Wang, "A glass of glowing wine urges you to drink the pipa at once".
At the same time, Zheng Chouyu also used the images in China's traditional classical poems, such as lotus flowers, catkins, horseshoes and spring flowers, especially the image of "East Wind" in Untitled by Li Shangyin, which was based on After I have known her for a long time, but it is even longer. The meaning of "the east wind rises and a hundred flowers blossom" once again shows the most fundamental nature of China in Zheng Chouyu. Yang Mu's long article in The Legend of Zheng Chouyu said: "In modern times, there have been some foreign poets in China who wrote their' sense of modernity' with strange and bad China literature, but Zheng Chouyu is a China poet in China. He wrote with good China characters, which is accurate in image, gorgeous in voice and absolutely modern." He emphasized the sinicization of Zheng Chouyu's poetry language, thus reflecting Chinese thoughts and feelings.
Pure writing is another advantage of this poem. When talking about the skills of writing poetry, Zheng Chouyu said: "When writing poetry, you should be loyal to yourself, not bluffing. If you are not sure about yourself, it is disloyal. " Therefore, Zheng Chouyu's Wrong emphasizes purity and neatness, freshness and lightness, and does not play word games or make up words, trying to express the poet's most faithful feelings with the most faithful words. This is a true and sincere poem. Mistake still touches the heartstrings of countless readers. The most important factor is not to win with words, but to impress people with its inner feelings. This kind of emotion is not disguised or carved, which makes the scene harmonious and consistent in the poem and has endless artistic appeal.