Original poem:
Taohuawu Taohuaan, Taohuaan Taohuaxian; Peach Fairy cultivates peach trees, picks them and drinks them.
When I wake up, I just sit in front of the flowers, and when I am drunk, I come to sleep under the flowers; Half awake and half drunk day after day, flowers bloom year after year.
I would rather die of old age than bow before horses and chariots; Cars, dust and horses are interesting, and hops are poor.
If wealth is better than poverty, one is in the ground and the other is in the sky; If poverty is compared to horses and chariots, he will drive me away every day.
Others laugh that I am too crazy, and I laugh that others can't see through it; There are no graves of Hao Jie in Wuling, no flowers, no wine, and no hoes to plow the fields.
Tang Yin (1470~ 1523) was born in Wuxian (now Jiangsu), a small merchant family in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Tang Yin was a typical scholar in ancient China. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. His paintings are as famous as Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Chou Ying, and he is called "Ming Si Jia". He also sang with Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, and was known as "four gifted scholars in Wuzhong". According to the biographical records of Ming History, Tang Yin was "intelligent by nature" and knew a lot about history, but he was "addicted to drinking with Zhang Ling and didn't care about other affairs". Persuaded by Zhu Yunming, he won the first place in the provincial examination at the age of 29 in the eleventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), so many people called him "Tang Jieyuan". The following year, Tang Yin went to Beijing to take the exam. Just as he was full of ambition and bent on winning the first prize, he was accidentally involved in a fraud case in the imperial examination hall. Although he was imprisoned for one year, he completely ruined his career and was sent to Zhejiang to be a small official. Tang Yin was ashamed of not taking office. After returning home, he became a dissolute man. He lived by selling literature and ink all his life and died at the age of 54.
Taohuawu, located in the north of Suzhou, was once a villa decorated with official seals in the Song Dynasty, and was later abandoned as a vegetable garden, which was occupied by Tang Yin. Built in the second year of Zheng De (1507), it was renamed as "Master of Peach Blossom Temple". That year, he was 38. Tang Yin spent most of his later life living in seclusion here, making friends and reciting poems. Song of the Peach Blossom Temple is his most famous poem, a work of self-criticism, self-condemnation and self-warning.
"Taohuawu Taohuaan, Taohuaan Taohuaxian. The peach fairy breeds peach trees and picks them for drinking. " The first four lines, like a long "push" lens, suddenly present the fairy in a painting to the readers from far and near. In just four lines, six "peach blossoms" are used repeatedly, stacked repeatedly, linked back and forth, and colorful, and soon a world of flowers is piled up, which makes people fall into their own situation. The unhurried tone and speed of speech increase the reader's intimacy and curiosity: what kind of fairy life does this peach blossom fairy lead? In the next four lines, a beautiful picture of "drunken lying in the greenhouse" is unfolded: "When you wake up, you just sit in front of the flowers, and when you are drunk, you will come to sleep under the flowers. Half awake and half drunk day after day, flowers bloom every year. " You see how carefree and happy the Peach Blossom Fairy is. She enjoys flowers in drunkenness every year. Here, flowers and wine are not completely foreign things that poets are worried about, but just a part of their lives, or they have become independent individuals, and flowers, wine and people are integrated into a harmonious whole. The above words can be described as the author's own situation, vivid, vivid and meaningful. Tang Yin, a student who once fantasized that "Tian Shelang is the royal palace at dusk", disappeared, and so did the romantic wit who let life slip past him in the fireworks Liuxiang. After several years of debauchery, Tang Yin finally chose to escape from downtown, chose this paradise for himself, married Shen Shi, and began a relatively peaceful seclusion. Although there is no way to enter the official career, after all, I have something to support and live up to my prime of life. The beautiful scenery is easy to imagine, and I can sing a poem.
"I hope I die of old age. I don't want to bow in front of the car." This sentence, which connects the preceding with the following, expresses the poet's interest: it is better to be happy and carefree in the wine room than to work hard for prosperity. "Cars, dust, Ma Gui, wine and flowers are poor." If you compare wealth with the poor, one is in peace and the other is in heaven. ""Car dust trail "is only the taste of the rich, while flowers and wine are destined to become attached to the poor. If measured by money and material things, the lives of these two kinds of people are very different, but from another angle, those rich people have to be nervous all the time and walk on thin ice carefully, while the so-called poor people can have more leisure and fun, but live more naturally, truly, easily and happily. The above six lines are all comparative descriptions, and the feelings are unfolding in a fierce collision. In each sentence, because of rhyme, the former is tight and the latter is loose, which fully shows the poet's arrogant personality and his detachment and liberation from being born in the world.
However, the real meaning is not understood by everyone. Don't you see "people laugh at me for being crazy"? And "I", however, disagreed: "I laughed at others and I can't see it." Don't you see that kings and princes who used to be all-powerful and rich are now? Not only is the body gone, but the situation has also fallen. Even the flowers and wine they despised before their death can't be counted on, and even the tombs are not guaranteed. If they know it in heaven, they can only watch the farmers plow the fields where they are buried. "I don't look at Hao Jie's tomb in Wuling. There are no flowers, no wine and no hoes!" A word came to an abrupt end, and the aftertaste remained.
The whole poem has distinct levels, simple and euphemistic language, and is almost a folk monologue. However, it is this kind of monologue that contains infinite artistic tension and gives people endless aesthetic enjoyment and strong sense of identity. It deserves to be the best in Tang Yin's poems. This also coincides with Han Yu's "the voice of peace is weak, and the voice of sorrow and joy is wonderful;" Happy words are hard to write, and poor words are easy to write well "("net talk about singing and poem preface ").
The two most prominent and impressive images in this poem are "flowers" and "wine". Peach Blossom was first seen in literary works, and Yao Tao, originally written in The Book of Songs Nan Zhou, was intended to express a free and unrestrained emotion. As soon as Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden came out, peach blossoms were more used to express their secluded feelings. In ancient times, peach also had the meaning of exorcising ghosts and evil spirits. "Peach" is homophonic with "escape" because of its meaning of avoiding the world. In Tang Yin's poems, the image of "peach blossom" appears frequently. "Wine" also occupies an important position in China ancient culture and ancient literati. It can be used not only to express tragic and generous feelings, but also to cherish the desolation, arrogance and maverick in the world. There were Liu Ling and Ji Kang in Jin Dynasty, "Eight Immortals Drinking" in Tang Dynasty, and "Asking the sky for wine" in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin got drunk and fell asleep.
Tang Yin was famous when he was alive. In addition to his prominent position in the history of painting, he also has unique achievements in poetry. His poems are true and simple, informal, widely used in spoken language and fresh in artistic conception, which is unique at that time. With its unique and extraordinary personality and artistic temperament, it gives a typical and vivid interpretation of that free and open era, which is almost absurd and chaotic.
Content: Tang Yin is brilliant and sharp-edged, but young and frustrated. After seeing through the officialdom, he spurned his official career and finally adopted the same lifestyle as many literati in China history: passive seclusion. This poem is a typical example of this idea. If it seems crazy and arrogant, it seems free and easy, but it also vaguely reveals a kind of loneliness in which the world is drunk and I wake up alone. Its deep-rooted talent and ambition can also be seen.
Skills: Every sentence is almost antithetical, the whole poem is very neat, catchy to read, and has strong appeal and emotional impact; The first three sentences also use the thimble technique, which clearly describes the environment at the beginning of the poem, and at the same time, the technique is quite intriguing and fascinating in the context, which naturally brings out the latter part. There are no flowery words in the poem, just like Tang Yin's noble personality.
Tang Bohu's generation of gifted scholars, famous for their writings, laughed and denounced, all of which were articles, which were logical. It is madness to regard the powerful people of chariots and horses as dust and divide the people of hops into heaven and man. Crazy or not, flowers sit alone and drink and pour themselves, each with its own romantic feelings.
The appreciation of this poem is still related to Tang Bohu's personal background. In the secular society of China, the name Tang Bohu is a household name. Tang Bohu's image is a folk stereotype, which is based on charm and unrestrained. Various versions of Tang Bohu's story also highlight his arrogance towards talents and the true nature of talents in the game world. Whether it's Feng Menglong's novel "Marrying with a Smile" in the Ming Dynasty or the film "Tang Bohu Dianqiuxiang" in contemporary Stephen Chow, it's the same heritage that talented people in the Tang Dynasty despised traditional morality and subverted secular norms.
For example, in this well-known Song of the Peach Blossom Temple, although Tang Bohu pretends to be the "Peach Blossom Fairy in the Peach Blossom Temple" and shows his broad-minded mind and poetic life realm, he finally takes time as a measure of all human hopes and desires, and its ending still inevitably boils down to nothingness and an irresistible fate in life.
Tang Bohu wrote in an article "Praise the Tiger": "I asked who you are? You were me. I didn't recognize you, but you wanted to recognize me. Hey! I need you, but you also need me. You lost me a hundred years later. " We might as well think of it as a dialogue between folk Tang Bohu and realistic Tang Bohu.
This poem was written after Tang Bohu saw through the sinister official career in Tang Bohu at this time and no longer had any illusions about the imperial examination, because the imperial examination system deeply dampened Tang Bohu's self-esteem and became a major complex that he could not get rid of. With this understanding, you will know why he wrote like this!
After returning to his hometown, Tang Bohu had a better understanding of the vicissitudes and indifference of the world, so he built a Peach Blossom Temple villa in Taohuawu, Suzhou, and retired from then on, calling himself "the owner of the Peach Blossom Temple" and living a poetic personal life. On the surface, at this time, Tang Bohu had seen through the sinister official career and no longer had any illusions about the imperial examination. But in fact, the defeat of the imperial examination undoubtedly deeply hurt Tang Bohu's self-esteem and became a major complex that he could not get rid of. Otherwise, he will not be easily moved by Zhu and Ning Wang. Obviously, Tang Bohu gave Wang Ning another chance to enter his career. In addition, King Ning treated him with courtesy, hired him with a hundred dollars, and built a villa specially for him in Nanchang. I'm afraid it's hard for Tang Bohu to refuse. Unfortunately, once again, fate played a big joke on Tang Bohu. Wang Ning didn't really take a fancy to the talents in the Tang Dynasty, but just made a gesture of being a virtuous corporal for his rebellion. Tang Bohu, of course, soon saw Wang Ning's rebellious ambition and his ulterior motives. In order to get away, he had no choice but to pretend to be crazy and sell stupidity, which was both "pretending to be crazy and making wine" and "making a fool of himself". People from Wang Ning came to give gifts, food and clothes, but Tang Bohu sat cross-legged naked, cursing obscenity and mocking the emissary. Where has Wang Ning seen such a talented person? In disappointment, we can only let him go home.