Zhenwu, a poet of Lintao in Qing Dynasty, once praised that "flowers are more abundant than flowers, and women are also romantic".
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of poetry. The unprecedented grand occasion of Bingling Temple Grottoes in the early Sui Dynasty marked the unprecedented prosperity of Hezhou culture. The flowers that have been formed have also developed rapidly. In order to make the lyrics smooth and easy to sing, people gradually make her rhyme and meter. Comrade Malone sang according to some fragments of Tang Dynasty folk tunes found in Dunhuang Grottoes: "Always drunk,/gently change the gold plaque"; "... Chaochao stood in the west of the city gate,/the wind blew tears", "Going deep into the blue waves,/a few beaches" and so on. And draw the conclusion that "Linxia flowers are related to ci and may have originated in the early Tang Dynasty", which is worthy of attention. [ 1]
Peony is a symbol of flowers, which is ubiquitous in song titles, song titles, lyrics and interlinings. Its prominent position and people's praise have reached the point of "peony worship" This is consistent with the poem "Give peony to it" in the Book of Songs and the custom of advocating peony in the Central Plains during the Tang and Song Dynasties. [ 1]
group
Because of the different popular areas, "Hua 'er" is divided into two schools, Hehuang "Hua 'er" and Tao Min "Hua 'er", and the two schools are divided into many branches according to their different structures, styles and singing methods.
range
Linxia flower Mainly spread in Hezhou, Gansu (now Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu). It's two factions of flowers.
Schools with the widest spread, the greatest influence and the most audio-visual publications are deeply loved by eight ethnic groups, including Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Tu, Salar, Baoan, Tibetan and Yugur.
In Gansu, no matter the herdsmen on the grassland, the women in the field, the rafters in the river, and the foot brothers walking on the road, a few flowers will be recited in their hearts. Like Tao Min's Flower Song Festival, a grand folk flower song festival will be held spontaneously every summer and autumn before harvest, and the time is long and short. For example, the flower show in Lianhuashan, Gansu Province is very famous. Not only local singers participated, but also Hua Dan from neighboring provinces and counties came to beat time and sing.
trait
Linxia flowers are characterized by rich tunes, lyricism, beautiful words, simplicity, vividness and rigorous structure. There are four lines and six lines. Singing is also relatively free, and mainly solo, but also duet and chorus. Its tunes are melodious, high-pitched and unrestrained. Among them, there are as many as 100 kinds of music scores (called "Linger" by the people), and more than 40 kinds are widely circulated. Such as Hezhou Order, Gama Order, Zu Order, Dayan Order, Cangkuang Order, Sister Order, Salar Order, Security Order, etc., are well-known in circulation areas.
Tao Minhua is the general name of "Lotus Mountain Flower" and "Minxian Flower". [2]
It is one of the two major flower species in northwest China (the other is Hehuang flower), which is mainly sung among Han people. Widely popular in Le Kang and Hezheng County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province; Lintao and Weiyuan counties in Dingxi area; Min County (Zhou Min) Wudu District
, Wudu, Tanchang, Wenxian; Lintan (Zhou Tao), Zhuoni and Zhouqu counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. [2]
According to the tone, lyrics and singing style, Tao Min flowers can be divided into "South Flower" and "North Flower". Among them, "South Road Flower" is centered on Erlang Mountain Flower Festival in Min County, and "North Road Flower" is centered on Lianhua Mountain Flower Festival in Kangle County. [2]
Tao Minhua is called "cursive script" by local people and is divided into "notebook flower" and "scattered flower". The so-called "Shuhua" refers to a complete set of vocals, including historical stories and folklore, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake, Water Margin and Zhu Yingtai. Scattered Flowers is mostly a short song improvised by the singer. The words and lines of the lyrics are free and generally rhyme. Some rhymes to the end, called "single set"; Any song containing two or three rhymes is called a "two-tone set" [2]
Tao Minhua is divided into opening song, question and answer song, duet, chorus, life song, short song and long narrative song according to the singing form. [2]
In a word, the Tao Min Flower Fair has various formats, free structure and flexible singing, and is deeply loved by local people. [2]
* * * After the founding of New China, "Flower" has been endowed with new contents. People sing it everywhere in Shan Ye, fields and construction sites, not only on the stage, but also in Beijing.
The content of "flower" is very rich. There are traditional and hard-hitting lyrics, and there are also improvisations that are separated from the scene. Singing flowers, commonly known as loose teenagers. The folk proverb says that "the random bombs in Shaanxi are the teenagers in Hezhou". Hezhou is the ancient name of Linxia and the birthplace and hometown of flowers. The lyrics and tunes of Linxia flowers are divided into "Hezhou flowers" and "Lianhua Mountain flowers". From the regional perspective, there are also: Beixiang Huaer, Nanxiang Huaer, Dongxiang Huaer and Xixiang Huaer. Its structure is divided into two parts, the front part is mostly bi xing, and the back part is divided into singing themes. The music tune of "Wall" is closely combined with the lyrics and consists of symmetrical phrases. The tune varies with the lyrics. The aria of Flower is Linxia dialect, which has a strong local flavor. The melody of lyrics fluctuates greatly, often accompanied by sliding, leaning, linking, vibrato and decorative sounds. It has the characteristics of high-pitched, long, crisp and passionate. The popular "Hua 'er" in Linxia has the characteristics of different national languages, different customs and habits, and changeable singing habits.