1, War and Peace
18 12 years, Russia and France fought again, Andre? Paul Kanski was badly wounded in the battle. Seeing that Moscow was about to fall into enemy hands, the Russian army was losing ground. Rostov changed the carriage originally used to transport property to transport wounded soldiers, so that Nadasha could find dying Andre among the wounded soldiers? Paul Kanski. She apologized to him and took good care of him, but it was all in vain, Andre? Paul Kanski still failed to escape death and died. Bill disguised himself as a farmer and tried to assassinate Napoleon, but he was arrested by the French army and became a prisoner. His beloved wife, Karen, continued to be dissolute in the war and finally died of taking abortion pills by mistake. After several battles, Russia finally won. Bill met Nadasha in Moscow and got married. Where's Andre? Maria, Paul Kanski's sister, also married Nicola, Nadasha's brother.
Brief introduction of the author
Lev? Nikolayevich? Tolstoy was the greatest Russian writer at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, and one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature. His literary works occupy an important position in world literature. The masterpiece is the novel War and Peace. Anna? Karenina, resurrect. There are other works such as Morning of the Landlord, Cossack, The Story of Sevastopol, etc. He also wrote many fairy tales. He worked hard all his life and reached the peak of critical realism literature in Europe at that time. He also worked hard with his powerful brushwork and excellent artistic skills? First-class works in world literature? Therefore, Lenin praised it as having? The most sober realism? what's up Genius artist? .
2. Notre Dame de Paris
Quasimodo, an ugly deaf person, was adopted by Father Claude of Notre Dame as a bell ringer. Father Claude, with a serious appearance, has fallen in love with a beautiful gypsy girl since he met her. After Esmeralda, she was fascinated by her beauty and instigated quasimodo to take Esmeralda away by force. On the way, she was rescued by the captain of Forbis cavalry, and Esmeralda fell in love with Forbis. However, Forbis was a romantic, but he was assassinated by Claude in bad karma, but he didn't die. He framed Esmeralda and was sentenced to death. When quasimodo was executed, she rescued Esmeralda and hid in Notre Dame. Beggars rushed into the church to save Esmeralda and mistakenly fought with quasimodo. Esmeralda was strangled by Claude's army in the square. Quasimodo fell angrily from the top floor of the church and caressed Ais.
Brief introduction of the author
Victor? Hugo is the leader of the French Romantic Movement and one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation. His romantic novels are wonderful and moving, vigorous and powerful, and have permanent charm for readers.
Hugo 1802 was born in Shaoshangsong City in the south of France. My grandfather was a carpenter and my father was an American army officer. He was once killed by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain. Bonaparte was awarded the rank of general and was trusted by the king. Hugo died in 1885.
3. Childhood
Gorky (Aletha), the little hero, lives with his mother at his grandfather's house after his father died. In the meantime, he was loved and cared for by his grandmother, influenced by the beautiful fairy tales told by her, and witnessed the quarrel and struggle between two uncles for family property, as well as the selfishness and greed shown in the trivial matters of life. Gorky (Alisha) here? In a small world full of breathtaking and terrible scenes? Spent his childhood.
Brief introduction of the author
Maxim? Gorky is the founder of Soviet proletarian literature and an outstanding representative of world socialist literature.
Gorky was originally named Alexei? Macsimovici? Peter Skov was born in Nizhny on the Volga River on March 28th, 868/KLOC-0. Novgorod (now Gorky), his father was a joiner. He lost his father at the age of 4 and lived with his mother at his grandfather's house. 10 years old, his grandfather went bankrupt because of a fire, and he was thrown? Humans? , began to fend for themselves. /kloc-when he arrived in Kazan at the age of 0/6, he wanted to go to college, but the slums and docks of Kazan became his? Social university? . There, he contacted revolutionary groups of progressive youth and read the Manifesto of Producers' Party and Das Kapital.
1899, Gorky completed his first novel, Fuma? Gore deyev. 190 1 year, Gorky was arrested for participating in a demonstration in Petersburg. The famous prose poem "Song of Haiyan" was written after he participated in this demonstration. He used this passionate revolutionary prose to meet the revolutionary storm of the proletariat in the 20th century. In the same year, he wrote his first play Ordinary Citizen, and his outstanding achievement was to create the image of the first revolutionary proletariat (revolutionary worker Neil) in the history of world literature. 1902, he wrote "At the Bottom", which is a summary of the author's observation on the life of the homeless in the past 20 years and a masterpiece of Gorky's drama. Gorky joined the revolutionary movement as a soldier during the high revolutionary situation in 1905, and his residence became one of the strongholds of the armed uprising in Moscow in 1905.
He wrote his life into the autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "On Earth" and "My University". 1892 published the first novel Macard? Chu della ",from then on to the literary world. The publication of Song of Haiyan in 190 1 marked the new development of Gorky's creation. His major works include Mother, Little Citizen and The Last Generation. Mother is his best work.
Gorky presided over the first congress of Soviet writers in 1934 and was elected as the chairman. 1936 died in June 18.
4. Wuthering heights
A man who loves to the extreme has made crazy behavior. He used it? Love? Kill people, but also commit suicide with love. After Catherine died, he lived in pain. When Catherine was dying, he stabbed her with words. However, Heathcliff suffered two kinds of pain, his own and Catherine's. I admire such a affectionate man. Although a little abnormal and cruel, I can't hate him. I feel sorry for him. Even moved by his crazy love. Relatively speaking, Catherine is too selfish. She loves Heathcliff and married rich Linton. It can be said that a large part of the tragedies of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange were created by her own hands. Heathcliff, this is crazy. But charming. Of course, he is also a good husband. It's just, it's a little silly Catherine: She is very bad and selfish, but her persistence in love makes her exude the mixed charm of good women and bad women.
Brief introduction of the author
Emily. Bronte is an English novelist and poet in the19th century and a famous writer in the history of English literature. Bronte sisters? One. This woman writer died in obscurity after only 30 years in the world, but her only novel Wuthering Heights established her position in the history of English literature and world literature. Besides, she also wrote 193 poems, which is regarded as a talented female writer in Britain.
5. "David Copperfield (surname)
"David? Copperfield reveals the real face of society at that time through the joys and sorrows of the protagonist David's life, highlighting the corrosive effect of money on marriage, family and society. A series of tragedies in the novel are all caused by money. Maud Si Tong cheated David's mother because he coveted her property; Emily's elopement can't stand the temptation of money; The pain of the wakefield family and the despair of Haimu are all the consequences of money. The despicable Heep also gradually degenerated under the temptation of money, and finally ended up in a shameful life imprisonment. It was from the humanitarian thought that Dickens exposed the evil of money, thus uncovering it? Victoria's heyday? The beautiful curtain reveals the hidden social truth behind it.
Brief introduction of the author
Charles. Dickens,19th century British critical realism novelist. Dickens paid special attention to describing people living at the bottom of English society? Little people? His life experience profoundly reflected the complicated social reality in Britain at that time and made outstanding contributions to the development of critical realism literature in Britain. His works are still popular today and have had a far-reaching impact on the development of English literature. His major works include The Legend of Pickwick, Oliver Twist, Old Antique Shop, Hard Times and Our Friends.
6. Red and black
Red and Black is a monument of French and even European literature in the19th century. Based on Julian's personal struggle and two love experiences, the novel reveals the turbulent class struggle during the Restoration Dynasty and reflects the broad life picture of political darkness, church corruption, aristocratic reaction and bourgeois greed. Julian's two love motives are based on the possession of love, and ultimately they all want to achieve their own political goals.
Through the literary image of Julien, on the one hand, it describes the panic of the nobility and the middle and small bourgeoisie under the impact of the wave of people's revolution on the eve of the French July Revolution; On the other hand, it created an artistic image of an individual careerist who appeared in the social upheaval, and beautified the bourgeois outlook on life and happiness. The structure of the novel is rigorous and symmetrical, the language is concise and fluent, the characters' images and personalities are closely connected with the environment, and it is good at revealing the contradictions and conflicts in the characters' hearts and the instantaneous changes in their thoughts and feelings, thus highlighting the characters' personality characteristics. This is the greatest artistic feature of this book.
Brief introduction of the author
Stendhal was an outstanding French critical realist writer in the19th century. His life is not long, less than 60 years old, literature started late, and he began to publish his works in his thirties. However, he left a huge spiritual legacy to mankind, including several long articles, dozens of short stories, millions of words of literary theory, essays, travel notes and so on. He is famous for his accurate psychological analysis of characters and concise brushwork. He is regarded as one of the most important and earliest realists. The most famous works are Red and Black (1830) and Bama Monastery (1839).
7. les Miserables
In Les Miserables, Hugo showed the cruel reality that capitalist society enslaved working people and forced them into prostitution with outstanding artistic charm. Hugo's masterpiece has created a long historical story reflecting the social and political life of modern France. The book spans nearly half a century, and the combination of personal destiny and historical themes is magnificent and colorful, which embodies Hugo's extraordinary talent in narrative to the maximum extent. In terms of richness, profundity and complexity, it undoubtedly ranks first among Hugo's many works.
Brief introduction of the author
Victor? Hugo, a French romantic writer, a humanitarian representative, a representative writer of the positive romantic literary movement in the early19th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, is known as? Shakespeare is in France? .
8. "Anna Karenina "
Anna? Karenina is a famous Russian writer Lev? Tolstoy's masterpiece. This book depicts a vast and colorful picture of Russia from Moscow to other provinces, cities and villages through two clues: the heroine Anna's pursuit of love tragedy and Levin's exploration of the reform in the face of rural crisis, and has described more than 150 characters successively. It is a social encyclopedia.
Anna, a noble woman, pursued love and happiness, but was beaten out of the water by karenin's hypocrisy, Lenski's indifference and selfishness, and finally committed suicide and died on the railroad tracks. Levin, the owner of the manor, opposed the private ownership of land, resisted the capitalist system and sympathized with the poor peasants, but he could not get rid of the aristocratic habits and fell into an unavoidable contradiction. Contradictory period, contradictory system, contradictory characters and contradictory psychology make the book bumpy in the whirlpool of contradictions. This novel is a portrayal of the tense and fearful Russian society in the transitional period between the old and the new.
Brief introduction of the author
Lev? Nikolayevich? Tolstoy,/kloc-Russian critical realist writer, litterateur and thinker in the middle of 0/9th century, whose main works include the novels War and Peace and Anna? Karenina and Resurrection also created a large number of fairy tales. His works profoundly show the drastic social changes in Russia.
Lev? Tolstoy is one of the best realistic writers. His literary tradition is not only critically inherited and developed by Gorky and other Soviet writers, but also has great influence in the world literary world. In literary creation and social activities, he proposed? Tolstoyism? It has a far-reaching influence on many political movements.
9. "John Christophe "
"John? Christophe is a novel that reflects a series of contradictions and conflicts in the real society through the protagonist's life experience and promotes humanitarianism and heroism. The novel describes the protagonist's struggling life, from the awakening of musical talent in childhood, to the contempt and resistance to powerful people in youth, to the pursuit and success of career in adulthood, and finally to the lofty realm of spiritual peace.
Brief introduction of the author
Roman? Roland, a thinker, writer, critical realist writer and music critic, whose famous works include Who's Who and This John? Christophe, he is also a social activist. 19 15 Nobel Prize in Literature winner.
10, gone with the wind
Gone with the Wind tells a love story set in the American Civil War.
Scarlett, the protagonist of the novel? O 'Hara is the daughter of a wealthy and prestigious planter in Georgia, USA. Father Gerald is an immigrant from Ireland. When he first arrived in Georgia, Gerald was penniless and won the ownership of Tarot Manor by gambling.
So he began to start a business in this red land and weave his American dream. It was not until he was 43 years old that he was married to Ellen of age 15? Daughter of French immigrants on the East Coast? Married. Gerald has a good heart but a bad temper, while his young wife has a good family education and strict moral values. She personally manages the daily affairs of the whole manor, and even treats the slaves in the manor and delivers babies. Therefore, the couple were respected by the surrounding white manor owners and loved by the black slaves. Daughter Scarlett O 'Hara grew up in this environment.
Brief introduction of the author
Margaret. Mitchell, a famous modern American woman writer, once received a doctorate in literature and worked as a reporter in Atlanta News. She won the Pulitzer Prize with 1937. 1939 won the gold medal of new york Southern Association. 1949, she died in a car accident. She didn't leave many works in her short life, but Gone with the Wind alone is enough to establish her unshakable position in the history of world literature.