Li he
Work for Wu Daochang at night.
The blue neon button calls the palace god, and the red dragon jade dog opens the heaven.
Pomegranate flowers spread all over the Western Jin Dynasty, and girls in the Western Jin Dynasty washed flowers and dyed white clouds.
Green seal went to invite the godfather, and the horseshoe on the sixth street was ownerless.
The air is not cold, and the short coat and small crown are dust.
The golden bell rings, and there is no vulgar sound in the autumn room.
I am willing to take Han Ji to recruit book ghosts, and I don't want to hate my bones.
"Green chapter" is a green word, which refers to the memorial written to "heaven and earth" in Taoist fasting ceremony. Generally speaking, it is a parallel body, which is named because it is written on green paper with red ink. Tang Li Zhao's Annals of Hanlin: "Every Taoist temple in Taiqing Palace recommends words called green words with green paper." Later, it gradually became a style, which was more common in the humanities concentration in the Song Dynasty. Taoism prevailed in Ming dynasty, and ci ministers competed to invite pets with green ci. Yan Song is known as "Prime Minister of Qing Dynasty". There is a volume of Qing Ci in Xu Shizeng's Style Discrimination in Ming Dynasty. "Feng" refers to a catchy letter. "Hanshu": "Officials and people were ordered to play and print. Seal the mouth of his envelope and don't let it leak. " This refers to the badge that the Taoist priest dedicated to the "Emperor of Heaven". Candy is a ritual of praying to God. Song Yu's "Gao Tang Mi": "Respect the gods, the ceremony is too one." Later, it specifically refers to the Dojo set up by monks and Taoists to eliminate disasters and evil. "Sui Shu Tao Jing": "At night, under the starry sky, wine, cake bait and coins are displayed, and the emperor Taiyi is worshipped and the five stars are worshipped, which is the instrument of the chapter, named Li." Commonly known as fighting. The title of this poem is The Night Travels of Taoist Wu, which is the author's own notes.
The first four sentences of "blue neon" are worn by Taoist priests, and the "Bai Xi in Qing Yi Yun" in Chu Ci refers to Taoist priests here. "Red Dragon Jade Dog" refers to the god beast that guards Tianmen. The meaning of "pomegranate" is rather puzzling. Wu Zhengzi said, "Baiyun is the essence of flowers, and durian is dyed appropriately." Wang Qi in the Qing Dynasty said, "When it is a place where mountains are built, there are flowers and trees, which are collected by women in the stream to wash for the gods. There is a sentence in Du Fu's Ode to Taiqing Palace:' Zhu Rong throws fire to burn incense, and women in the stream wash their dishes'. Women in the stream are afraid of being virgins and offer flowers and water on the altar. Dyeing white clouds means reflecting white clouds. " Mr. Ye Congjiu didn't explain the meaning of the word, but just dissolved two sentences into "There is a colorful halo in the sky, as if a fairy dyed the cloud with many pomegranate flowers." From the context, it seems appropriate to understand the first four sentences as a description of the Heavenly Palace. The main idea is that Taoist priests kowtow and call the palace gods, and dragons and jade dogs open the heaven. On the bank of Tianhe River, durian blooms, fairies wash flowers, and faded colors dye white clouds red.
Then four sentences were played in the Taoist watch chapter, telling the "gods" that the weather on the earth is very hot, and the dead don't know how many died of heat. "Yuan Father" refers to the Emperor of Heaven. "Six Streets" refers to Chang 'an City. "Tongjian Note": "Six streets in Chang 'an City. "A short coat and a small crown are poor clothes. Liang Wudi's" Handan Song "says that" a short coat doesn't hurt my concubine, and Nanshan is an old man ". "Hanshu Du Qin Zhuan" says: "It is a small crown to respect evil and treat it lightly with illness. "This refers to ordinary people. I want to tell Heaven with a green stamp that there are so many horses and chariots in the city that I can't even tell the name of the owner. The weather is hot, the air is dirty, and ordinary people die as humble as dust and fly ash.
In the last four sentences, the deed states: "It was Chang Ji who said he wanted a Taoist to perform." Although the cloud is "attached to the play", it is actually the theme of this poem. "Jin" refers to a family with wealth and power. Han Shi Jin Ri? Zhang Anshi is your minister, so Yun's old friends are often called "Zhang Jin". Zhang Huashi: "The dynasty was a golden age, and many historians stayed at dusk." "Yi" is the same as "Xiang", that is, Xiang. "Yang Xiong", the word Ziyun, is a scholar in the Han Dynasty, and is used here to refer to the poor. "Han Ji", Yang Xiong used to be a bodyguard officer, "taking things to the Yellow Gate, and being disciplined". In ancient times, it was said that anyone who evokes a soul must summon it with what he has known all his life, so that the soul can be easily recognized and come out from it. Artemisia is the place where the ancients thought the soul lived after death. There is "Hao Li Xing" in Han Yuefu, which belongs to the zodiac and is an elegy for funeral. Such as Artemisia: "Who is in Artemisia? There is no virtue and stupidity in gathering souls. " The general idea of these four sentences is: there is a lot of traffic in front of the rich family, but there is no sound of personal entertainment in the poor scholar's room. I am willing to hold Han Ji to bring back the soul of the scholar, and don't let it be wronged and resentful forever.
There is no clear record about the writing time and background of this poem in history. Mr. Zhu Ziqing quoted the Five Elements Records of the New Tang Dynasty as saying: In the summer of the first year of Yuanhe, "there was a great epidemic in eastern Zhejiang, and too many people died." He also quoted Yuan Zhen and Chen Qingzhi as saying in "Luoyang Galand Ji": "The ghost of Wu people lives in Jiankang, making a small crown and hat, and making short clothes. Calling yourself Nong is like a thunderbolt. " Therefore, the phrase "making dust" in the doubtful poem refers to the dead in eastern Zhejiang, and accordingly this poem was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806). This theory is limited to the epidemic situation in eastern Zhejiang, which seems not suitable for poetry. The celestial emperor described in this poem is not so much understood as a true record, but rather refers to empty words, starting with the poet's emotional discussion. This may help us to deeply understand its theme. Li He was the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, but by the time of his father, his family had declined. His father, Jin Su, was a magistrate of Qiping County, and he went to the frontier to "do things" far from his family. Li He, a teenager, lived with his mother for a long time, and deeply realized the sorrow of the declining nobility and the sufferings of some people. During Zhenyuan and Yuanhe years, he lived in an era of hegemonism, territorial division, political corruption and depressed people's livelihood. In just a decade or two, he wrote many poems that sympathized with the people's tragic experiences and exposed social injustice. Yao Xie's Preface to Notes on Long Valley Collection says: "Congratulation is a poem, and its words, meanings and propositions deeply stab the disadvantages of this world and hit the point." This poem is quite famous. Among them, "Golden fragrance rings a thousand times, and Yang Xiongqiu stone has no vulgar sound" has a high generality and is recited by future generations. Mr. Lu Xun recorded these two banners in1March, 935, one year before his death, which shows that benevolence and righteousness in ancient and modern times are interlinked, and also reflects that the ideological content of this poem is indeed of lasting significance.
The artistic conception of this poem is unique. Li He's thought is wild and uninhibited, he is not superstitious about immortals and celestial emperors, and even boldly denies destiny and immortals. There have been poems such as "How many gods are buried in the sky" and "If there is love in the sky, the sky is old". He doesn't believe that reading a few mantras and writing a green word can help all beings and save the world. The poet skillfully unfolded a giant painting that runs through the world under the pretext of beating, allowing readers to see the sharp contrast between the beautiful sky and the dirty and ugly world with his brushwork; See the great inequality between the rich and the poor; See the sharp contrast between those who live longer with their ambitions and those who hate their ambitions and die young. Loyalty to the Emperor of Heaven does not mean inhuman anger towards mankind. Recruiting the souls of the dead also implies the grievances of the living.
The rich and peculiar imagination is also prominent in this poem. For example, in the first four sentences, imagine that the heavenly palace is extremely beautiful, and the gods are merciful and compassionate (as soon as they hear the Taoist knocking at the door, they open the Tianmen). The whole poem begins with knocking on the sky and ends with calling the soul. It is about God, ghosts and people. From top to bottom, it can really be said that it is "a wonderful bird wandering in Wan Ren". The imagination is not only rich, but also leaps and bounds, which is beyond the reach of the mind.
As an outstanding romantic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, Li He inherited the essence of Qu Yuan in ideological content and artistic expression, so he was brilliantly praised by Du Mu as "the seed of Sao", which can be seen in this poem. However, the congratulatory poem is too curious and even unreasonable; Over-sculpted and even obscure, this poem also expresses itself. For example, "Six Streets Without Horseshoe" is not coherent enough in context logic; The last four sentences, Yang Xiong refers to ordinary scholars, and then he writes evocation, which is also somewhat abrupt. Another example is the words "western Jin dynasty" and "flower washing", which make people feel obscure and difficult to understand, which leads to different opinions among later note writers and makes it difficult to get the gist.