What is one-part music?

The oldest existing secular music in the early secular form is some songs with Latin lyrics, among which the earliest ones constitute the Goliath Song Collection of 1 1 and12nd century. The name "Goliath Poet" comes from a possibly fictitious patron, Bishop Golias (Golias); They are a group of students, or a group of bohemian monks, who moved from one school to another before the university was established. Their wandering lifestyle is despised by decent people. But their songs are full of praise. There are many manuscripts of these songs, and the lyrics are basically three eternal themes that young men are interested in: wine, women and satire. Sometimes the handling of songs is very delicate, sometimes it is not; This style is definitely sharp and informal, just like some passages in carl orff's Kamana Brana's "Bran Poetry". Goliad's original music was not recorded as a score in the manuscript, and even if it did, it was based on neume notation without notation; Therefore, all translations are speculative unless the same melody happens to be preserved in another material with a more accurate notation. Another solo song that appeared in 1 1 to13rd century is conductus, which clearly shows how blurred the dividing line between medieval religious music and secular music is. Conductus (Conduktus) may be sung by a monk in a liturgical drama or a master of ceremonies such as mass when he is "guided" from one place (the original verb is conduct) to another according to etiquette. The lyrics are rhyming, just like the sequential lyrics of the same period; But their relationship with religious etiquette is very weak, so by the end of 12, the word conductus refers to any serious Latin song with rhyming lyrics, both religious and secular. An important feature of conductus is that its melody is always newly created, rather than borrowed or adapted from plainchant or other sources. Of course, the characteristics of secular spirit in the middle ages are most obvious in the songs of dialect lyrics. The earliest known dialect song is chanson de geste, which is an epic narrative poem, describing the performance of national heroes. The melody formula is simple, and every paragraph of a poem can use the same melody formula from beginning to end without change. Poetry was dictated, and it was not until later that it was resorted to pen and ink. In fact, none of this music has survived. The most famous hymn is the French national epic Song of Roland written in the second half of the 20th century, but the story it tells belongs to the Charlemagne era.

JONGLEUS singers who sang chanson de geste and other secular songs in the Middle Ages were called jongleurs or menestrels. This is a kind of professional musician, which first appeared around 65,438+00 century. Men and women wander the rivers and lakes, from one village to another, from castle to castle, making a living by singing, performing arts and training animals, and leading a precarious life-a group of children abandoned by society often have no legal protection and no right to attend church sacraments. With the economic recovery in Europe in the 1 1 and12nd centuries, the society has been organized more stably on the basis of feudal system, and the situation of Qiong Yao people has been improved/improved, but people still treat them with mixed feelings of love and hate for a long time. Peterak said that they are' people with low intelligence but excellent memory, diligence and arrogance'. 165438+ In the 20th century, they formed an admirer alliance and later developed into a musician's guild, providing professional training, just like a modern conservatory of music.

Minsters are not what we usually call poets, and they don't compose music. They sing or play songs written by others or taken from popular songs, or dance to these songs. Of course, they will change or create their own style in the process of singing. Their professionalism and skills have promoted the important development of secular music in Western Europe-that is, music commonly known as "Poets and bard".

Troubadour and trouvere are synonymous, meaning "discoverer" or "inventor"; Troubadour (female name trobairitz) is used in southern France, and trouvere is used in northern France. In the middle ages, they obviously meant anyone who created or composed music; Modern usage limits them to two specific types of musicians, which is inaccurate from a historical point of view. Troubadour is a poet and composer who is active in Provence (now southern France) and writes in Provence (that is, Oak). Their art was initially inspired by the Spanish-Moorish culture of the neighboring Iberian Peninsula, and then spread to the north, especially in Champaign and artois provinces. In the north, trouvere wrote in Langue d'oil (a medieval French dialect later developed into modern French), which was very active throughout the13rd century.

Whether it is bard or bard, it is hard to say who they are. The art of singing poets is very popular in aristocratic circles, even including the emperor. But artists from humble origins may also be absorbed by the upper class because of their outstanding talents. Many of these poets and composers not only write but also sing their own songs. Otherwise, they can ask the bard to sing. If the existing version is different in different manuscripts, it may be because the copy is different.