Qiji (1140-1207), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is You'an and the nickname is Jiaxuan. He was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). His original name was Tanfu, which was changed to You'an, and his nickname was Jiaxuan Jushi. He is as famous as Su Shi and also called Su Xin. Liu Chenweng's "Xin Jiaxuan Ci Preface" said: "When the words reach the east slope, they are upright and upright, like poetry, like writing, like the wonders of heaven and earth." He has successively served as the pacifier of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. When he was born, Shandong was already occupied by the Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin rebel army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. Thirteen years before he was born, the Shandong area was occupied by the Jin soldiers. In the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161), he led 2,000 people to join the Northern Anti-Jin Rebel Army. The following year, he was sent to the Southern Song Dynasty. Throughout his life, he firmly advocated fighting against the Jin soldiers and regaining lost ground. He once presented "Ten Essays on Meiqin" to analyze the situation between the enemy and ourselves, and put forward a specific plan for strengthening the army and restoring the country; he also submitted the "Nine Discussions" to the prime minister to further elaborate on the ideas of the "Ten Essays"; but none of them were adopted and implemented. When he took office in various places, he conscientiously eliminated the accumulated shortcomings and actively organized the army to prepare for war. However, he was repeatedly hampered by the capitulationists and was even dismissed from his post. He once lived idle in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time. His great ambition to regain his motherland could not be put to use, so he wrote poems out of loyalty and anger, thus creating a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
There are 629 poems in existence today, ranking the highest among Song poets. The lyrics have a wide range of themes and styles, with generous and tragic patriotic lyrics as their main theme. Among this type of poems, the works that have always been recited by people include (Yong Yule) "Nostalgic for the Ancient Pavilion in Bei Jingkou", (Shuilong Yin) "Dengjian Kang Shangxin Pavilion", (Po Zhenzi) "Composing a Poetry for Chen Tongfu" , (Bodhisattva Man) "Book on the Ostomy Wall of Jiangxi" and so on. There are the largest number of words about leisurely life. Such words often reveal helpless emotions in leisurely life, and their spirit is still consistent with their patriotic words. Such as (Qinyuanchun) "A new home with a lake will be completed", (Shui Diao Ge Tou) "Meng Ou" and many other words contain this sentiment. Some of the poems about rural life are fresh and simple, and the language is simple and familiar, such as (Qing Ping Le) "Village Dwelling", (Partridge Sky) "Drama Cottage", (Xijiang Moon) "Walking on the Yellow Sand Road at Night", (Huanxisha) "Changshan" "What Happens in the Road" and so on are all vivid rural style paintings. There are also words about love in Xin's poems, such as (Qing Ping Le) "Sleeping Heavy at Spring Night" is written in a touching and touching way. Xin Qiji has 133 poems in existence, and the content and style are generally the same as his lyrics. There are 17 articles of Xin Qiji in existence today, most of which are practical texts such as memorials and chapters, which can quite reveal Xin Qiji's insights and strategies.
Xin Qiji's poems had many versions in the Song Dynasty, mainly 4 volumes and 12 volumes. The original name of the four volumes is "Jia Xuan Ci", which is divided into four volumes: A, B, D. The original name of the 12 volumes is "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences". There is no copy of the Song Dynasty blockbuster, but the Siyinzhai blockbuster is the most popular version today. In 1962, the Shanghai Editorial Office of Zhonghua Book Company published "Chronological Notes on Jiaxuan Ci" written by Deng Guangming. In 1975, Shanghai People's Publishing House published a version of "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences".
During his tenure, Xin Qiji took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming wars, crack down on corruption and powerful people, and pay attention to stabilizing people's livelihood. He firmly advocated resisting gold throughout his life. In memorials such as "Ten Comments on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions", he made a detailed analysis of the political and military situation at that time, and made a strong refutation of the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of the Jin army and advocating compromise and surrender; he called for strengthening combat preparations and encouraging morale. to restore the Central Plains. None of the anti-gold suggestions he put forward were adopted, and he was attacked by the peace faction. He was laid off from his job for a long time and lived idle in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi.
It was used for a time in his later years, but he died soon after. His poems express the patriotic enthusiasm of trying to restore the country's unity, express the grief and indignation of unrealized ambitions, expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper-class ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty; there are also many works that sing about the mountains and rivers of the motherland. There are various artistic styles, but the main ones are bold and unrestrained. Enthusiastic, generous and tragic, with strong writing power, he is called "Su Xin" together with Su Shi. Xin's Ci inherited Su Shi's bold style of poetry and the fighting tradition of patriotic poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty, further opened up the realm of Ci, expanded the subject matter of Ci, almost reaching the point where everything without incident can be included in Ci, and creatively integrated poetry, The advantages of various literary forms such as prose and poetry have enriched the expression techniques of Ci and formed the unique style of Xin Ci. Xin's poems are mainly bold and bold, but they are also eclectic, melancholy, bright, inspiring, and charming. He is good at using metaphorical techniques and unique imagination to give emotions and characters to the mountains, water, wind, moon, grass and trees in nature, and to place some sustenance on them. He is also good at absorbing folk spoken words into his lyrics, and is especially good at using allusions, terms, and quoting previous poems and sentences, often slightly transforming them to create new ideas. However, some works appear obscure and dull due to excessive use of allusions and discussions. "Summary of the General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" says: "His poetry is generous and horizontal, with an unparalleled generality. It is a change of tone in the Yisheng family, and it has emerged as a new force. It can stand apart from the red and green carvings." Wu Hengzhao's " "Lianzi Ju Ci Hua" says: See how powerful his writing is. ”
“Broken Zhenzi·Write a poem for Chen Tongfu”, “Yongyu Le·Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgia for the Past”, “Water Dragon Yin·Deng Jiankang Shangxin Pavilion”, “Bodhisattva Man· "Jiangxi Ostomy Wall" and so on are famous. However, some works also reveal the negative emotions caused by the unrealization of ambitions, such as "Jia Xuan's Long Short Sentences" and "Xin Jiaxuan's Poems and Essays".
Xin Qiji is "a great man of his life. He is proud of his integrity and promises himself of his achievements" (Fan Kai's "Preface to Jiaxuan Ci"). Like Lu You, he was a representative figure who firmly advocated the restoration of the Northern Expedition after crossing to the south. He could also look at the Northern Expedition with a people-oriented idea. He said: "Recovery is for the ancestors, for the country, and for the livelihood of the people. This is also what the Lord Ming and the wise and brave men of the world have done. Gu Qiwu It is private for the king and the prime minister!" ("Nine Discussions") He can also use the perspective of a strategist and put forward three principles for resisting the enemy and saving the country based on the actual situation of the enemy and ourselves: "There is no rush in one day, but it is better to review the order in the next day. , You can be defeated in three days." ("Nine Discussions")
Although Xin Qiji did not leave any systematic and clear literary opinions, some of his literary tendencies can be seen from some words and sentences. He said: "There are thousands of hatreds in ancient and modern times. Should separation and separation be the joys and sorrows? Before the storms and evils at the head of the river, it would be difficult to travel in the world." ("Partridge Sky") shows that he not only attaches great importance to the emotional role of literary works, It also emphasizes that literature should reflect major social content. He also said: "Poetry is in the midst of bleak business" ("Partridge Sky"), "Poems have to be revived, and the sun and moon have new work." ("Shui Diao Ge Tou") shows that he advocates a serious attitude towards writing. He also said: "Intentionally majestic and graceful, but unintentionally exquisite." ("Linjiang Immortal") shows that he particularly admires the bold style. He also expressed deep admiration for Tao Yuanming's aura of arrogance and tranquility. This aesthetic taste also directly affected his style of writing.