First, pursue profound thoughts.
Wang Guowei wrote in "Words on Earth": "Poets must be inside and outside the universe. If it is involved, you can write it. Outside it, we can see it. Into it, so there is life. Beyond it, it is high. " This statement is also the theme of lyric prose writing in the college entrance examination. The "entry" here is the depth of speculation, conception and theme. With this "entrance", we can build a tall building, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky., and drive away at will.
A remarkable feature of lyric prose is that "the form is scattered but the spirit is not scattered" The so-called "God" is actually the main idea of the article. "If you stand in front, you can study hard." . This "theme" must be written "deeply" and "thoroughly" and make it a "red line" running through the article.
For example, the following materials are the materials for the composition questions:
Father and son were driving a small boat on the water when suddenly the wind and waves were blowing hard. The boat is like a leaf on the sea, and it is about to turn over. The son panicked, and then the father said, fill the cabin quickly. When the water level in the cabin reached a certain level, a miracle appeared and the ship stopped shaking.
After her husband died, a rural woman raised several young children alone. She doesn't have enough to eat, doesn't wear warm clothes, can't sleep well and has to work overtime. Although she is very old, she is very healthy. She has no time to get sick, and she can't get sick. And it is this load that makes her live firmly and healthily.
Sailing is like this, so is life! Life with heavy load is more resilient and healthier. Add a little weight to your life appropriately, so that you may live more meaningfully.
From the depth of conception, the above materials can be excavated at multiple levels: ① the load of "things" → the load of people. ② The burden of "survival" → the burden of life. (3) "Material" burden → "Spiritual" burden. ④ Negative individuals → negative families → negative society → negative countries → negative human beings.
Second, select talents and pursue perfection.
The writing of lyric prose can be described as "thinking for a thousand years and wandering around Wan Ren", so "five thousand years up and down, 80,000 miles vertically and horizontally" can be included in the text. However, from the operational level of lyric prose writing in college entrance examination, the selection of materials should pursue "essence". Generally speaking, the standards are as follows:
First, we should "tangent" and not "beat around the bush". Because the "tangent" material can directly hit the central intention;
Second, be "thick" and not "shallow". Because "heavy" material can shock people;
Third, be "atmospheric" and not "obscene". Because of the "atmosphere" material, the style of the article can be expanded;
Fourth, be "fresh" and not "stale". Because "fresh" materials can attract people's attention;
Fifth, be familiar, not unfamiliar. Because of the "familiar" materials, we can have a deep perspective on ourselves.
For example, the materials used in the famous book "The Weight of Life" are all treasured by students for a long time: "There is a big tree in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with a huge crown, branches touching the ground and birds singing all over the tree", which is fresh and natural, giving people a refreshing sense of brightness, which can be described as "fresh"; "The giant took away the fog, rain and electricity, and then learned to remember the spring and autumn of the family." Ba Jin, a centenarian, has experienced the vicissitudes of the century and is at the helm of modern and contemporary literary circles, which can be described as "heavy".
Third, the layout pursues creativity.
The layout of lyric prose writing is like the design of a garden, with "scenic spots" and "gravel fields" piled up at will. Although the layout of lyric prose attaches great importance to "a thread (clue) beading (material)", different "string" methods can weave different exotic flowers-flowing clouds or twists and turns; You can row the clouds straight up, or you can turn the stars around; You can take a big step or a winding path; You can be bold and bold, or you can carve it carefully; You can do it in one go, or sing three sighs. ...
For example, the overall layout of the masterpiece The Weight of Life consists of "trees" and "people". On the level of "tree", a stone guided by the earth broke a new world and skillfully sublimated "bearing one's own life" into "bearing the life of all living things", which was a rock-breaking event. On the level of "people", students use "if there is a load on his body, he will walk more steadily;" Every step, the footprints behind you are deeper. This sentence, which is full of philosophy of life, extends "the social responsibility shouldered by cultural celebrities" to "the burden of life shouldered by all sentient beings", which is groundbreaking.
Fourth, the pursuit of artistic conception blending.
The so-called artistic conception is the combination of "meaning" and "environment". "Meaning" refers to the author's subjective feelings, and "context" refers to the objective situation described by the author. The harmonious combination of "meaning" and "environment" forms the artistic conception. He Ji Shao, a literary critic in the Qing Dynasty, once elaborated brilliantly on the creation of "artistic conception": "I don't want anyone to know, and I can't let anyone know." "I don't want people to know" means that the creation of artistic conception should not be too profound. "Don't let people know" means that the article should be meaningful, and the taste can only be tasted by "chewing". From the operational level, the artistic conception in lyric prose writing should pay special attention to the following two points:
1. "Meaning" should "fit the theme" and not "deviate from the theme". Because only by "matching the theme" can we further show the theme, deduce the theme and generate the theme, thus making the connotation of the theme richer and more substantial.
2. "Environment" should "fit the physical attributes" and not "deviate from the physical attributes". Because only "body harmony" can conform to the logic of life, and can't be penetrated, thus "promising meaning" is included in "inaction".
The organic combination of the two can make "meaning" and "context" blend, and the artistic conception created can have overtones, overtones and digressions. For example, the banyan tree written in the famous book The Weight of Life bears not only its own burden, but also the burden of a bird. It is a duty to bear the burden of humiliation, and it is a realm to bear other things after reaching the limit. It is precisely because of "bearing the weight of life (including self-esteem, etc.) that" the beauty of life is interpreted to the extreme ". It has a "landscape"-it is "lush and has a huge crown, and the branches that touch the ground are inserted into the ground to become new roots", and "all kinds of birds, large and small, are startled from the crown". This defines the natural landscape as the beauty of life.
Fifth, language pursues perfection.
The language of lyric prose is to pursue a little literary talent. What is "literary talent"? Often can only understand, can't express. Some people think that literary talent refers to beautiful writing and gorgeous writing. Of course, this is also a kind of literary talent. You can be fascinated if you grasp it well. However, as far as lyric prose writing in NMET is concerned, literary talent refers to a style with charm, luster and connotation, which takes natural expression as the first priority and returns to the truth. Generally speaking, the standards are as follows:
First, "connotation" is not "embroidered pillow". Because of the rich "connotation" language, people can dig again and again;
Second, we should be "hidden" and not "straight". Because of the "hidden" language, people have the urge to chew repeatedly;
Third, be "true" and not "melodramatic". Because "authentic" language is more impactful, penetrating and shocking.
The writing method of lyric prose about scenery.
Prose refers to prose that does not pay attention to rhythm. Prose is a literary genre, also known as poetry, novel and drama. Literary style includes prose, essays and travel notes. The following is to introduce the writing method of lyric prose for you. Welcome to reading.
Draw beautiful scenery and express true feelings
Many students are afraid to write landscape compositions. The reasons are, on the one hand, lack of observation and accumulation, lack of experience and understanding; On the one hand, it lacks some writing skills. We might as well learn writing skills from the beautiful writing of famous writers, thus touching the writing heartstrings.
First, draw three or five pictures.
Landscape prose should show readers vivid pictures, and it is not difficult to understand its essence from famous works. In "Spring", Zhu Ziqing painted five visually perceptible pictures: spring grass, spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain and Spring Festival. Just like showing a slide show, let us feel the beauty and charm of spring from different angles. In Lao She's eyes, Jinan is a rare treasure in winter. He painted mountain scenery and watercolors, grasping the characteristics of mountains and rivers in winter, showing four different styles: mountains in bright sunshine, mountains covered by Bo Xue, snow lying in the distant mountains outside the city, and watery days in winter. The author's deep affection for the scenery reproduces the beauty of Jinan's winter landscape and embodies the author's deep love for the motherland's landscape. Prose is like this, and poetry is no exception. He Qifang also created three poetic images in autumn: Harvest figure, a farmer, a picture of returning to fishing in the frost morning, and a picture of a shepherdess's autumn love.
When you draw three or five pictures, you can express the scenery you want to write, and then your creative thinking will be wide open. Of course, you need to choose an angle to write a scene, either horizontally juxtaposed or vertically progressive, which needs to consider its internal relationship. Focusing on a theme, showing it from different aspects, or complementing each other, must not be aimless, like a loose sand. If you write about the autumn in your hometown, you can think about it from the autumn in the field, the autumn in the orchard, the autumn in the pond, the autumn in the sky and the autumn on people's faces to express the connotation of autumn. By writing "spring", we can describe "flying snow welcomes the spring", "spring blossoms" and "spring is full" in chronological order, showing the different charm of spring in different seasons.
Second, passion is flying and imagination is bold.
It is important to truly record the real scene in front of you, but it will be boring to describe it truthfully. The author is also required to make reasonable, bold and unique association and imagination on the basis of careful observation, so as to bring the author's subjective feelings to life. The scenery written by famous writers is imaginative, which gives readers the aesthetic feeling of reading and stimulates their thinking, thus obtaining spiritual pleasure and satisfaction. Zhu Ziqing wrote in "Spring Flowers": "Flowers are fragrant; When I close my eyes, the tree seems to be covered with peaches, Xinger and pears. " Here, the association between "spring flowers" and "autumn fruits" makes people feel the luxuriance and splendor of spring flowers, and the joy is like overflowing water. "The hill has surrounded Jinan, only the north is missing." But in Lao She's eyes, "this circle of hills is particularly lovely, as if Jinan were put in a small cradle. They whispered, "Don't worry, it will be warm here." "A strange imagination, a bold and warm metaphor, the hill is like a cradle, and Jinan City is like a sleeping baby, which not only gives the hill life, but also gives it infinite tenderness. To spread the wings of imagination in landscape writing, we should not only pay attention to the similarity of form, but also pay attention to the similarity of spirit. Writers should be good at using rhetorical devices such as metaphor. Zhu Ziqing wrote about the spring rain: like ox hair, like a flower needle, like a thin thread, densely woven, with a thin layer of smoke on the roof. A set of figurative parallelism makes readers feel the delicacy and lightness of the spring rain. Lao She also imagined the water and sky in Jinan in winter as "an ethereal blue crystal". What a wonderful metaphor and spiritual metaphor, it reproduces the clear and bright world. Unique metaphor, the reader's impression is indelible because it is brilliant personification. "What about water? It did not freeze, but steamed on the green duckweed. Seaweed is really green. Take out all the green stored all the year round ... With this green spirit, the water can't bear to freeze, and the weeping willows with long branches should take a picture in the water! " Here, Lao She personified seaweed, water and weeping willows, and everything was so considerate. As a result, the winter in Jinan is pregnant with infinite vitality and hazy spring.
Lost imagination, can not use personification, metaphor and other appropriate rhetorical devices, description is as dull as a piece of dry wax; Clever use of metaphor and personification, the language of the article is lively and interesting.
Third, skillfully use profile description to contrast the scenery written.
Don't be limited to the scenery you draw, but also pay attention to the related scenery, things and people. This kind of picture is more open, richer in content and more expressive. Zhu Ziqing wrote Spring Grass, but he used the phrase "sit, lie down, roll twice, kick a few balls, run a few laps, and catch a few laps at hide and seek". Use children's play and leisure on the grass to show the softness and loveliness of the grass. He also wrote: "Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of different sizes are flying around." The author shows the beauty and sweetness of spring flowers from the side through the pageant of flying insects in flowers. When writing "Spring Breeze", the author did not stick to the spring breeze, but borrowed the sense of smell, vision and hearing, and wrote the smell of grass, soil and flowers, the singing of birds and the flute of a shepherd boy, which were all classic pens in contrast. When we are writing landscapes, we might as well use this writing method to broaden the writing content in order to obtain better artistic effects. Write that plum blossoms are in full bloom on Ling Han, and you can borrow people who appreciate flowers, the dying world, flying snowflakes and even pine and bamboo as a foil. Of course, things used as a foil can't catch the "protagonist", otherwise it is a presumptuous guest usurps the host's role.
Fourth, be good at empathizing with the scene and integrating with it.
All scenery writing is lyrical. Without "emotion", there would be no scenery writing prose. A good landscape prose is full of direct or indirect lyric sentences. "Everything wakes up like a dream", and spring is charming; Spring breeze "touches you like a mother's hand", making you feel soft, warm and loving; "Those hills are so exquisite!" Love is implied in the sentence; "The top of the mountain is all white, and the blue sky is edged with silver", which not only describes the shape of the snow-capped mountains, but also is full of love. Only when you appreciate it with your heart, feel it with your heart, and be integrated with it, will you naturally feel your emotions and vent them heartily.
Writing instruction
Landscape lyric prose refers to the prose that integrates landscape and lyric. The origin of this kind of prose writing may be to visit scenic spots, find the roots of hometown, and mourn for disappointment. The scenery it depicts and the feelings it expresses are not simple combinations, but blend with each other, showing a harmonious relationship of "feelings are born of scenery and scenery is beautiful because of feelings". When trying this kind of prose writing, we should pay attention to the following two aspects:
Scenery description should be vivid.
Vivid description means that it can not only describe the characteristics of the scenery, but also give readers a feeling of being there. Specific practices are as follows:
(1) Good at observation
Being good at observation is to understand the scenery around you with your heart. Perception of scenery is the writing basis of this kind of prose. Excellent lyric prose about scenery not only describes the scenery around us, but also excavates the beauty we have never discovered. Just like the Lotus Pond written by Zhu Ziqing, readers will find that there are many such lotus ponds around us after seeing the prototype pictures. If we didn't watch the moonlight in the lotus pond, we might walk by every day without realizing its beauty. This also confirms the sentence "Life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of eyes for discovery". Good observation is the premise of writing.
(2) Clear hierarchy
Clear hierarchy means that there are primary and secondary points when describing scenes, which can not only highlight the beauty of details, but also give people a harmonious sense of integrity. Taking Moonlight on the Lotus Pond as an example, the author wrote lotus leaves, lotus flowers, lotus fragrance, running water, moonlight, tree shadows and other scenery in turn. The author's description of these scenes is very delicate, but it is not separated. For example, writing lotus leaves, then lotus flowers in lotus leaves, and then the fragrance of flowers and leaves brought by the wind leads to running water; Writing moonlight not only pays attention to the top-down flow, but also pays attention to the bottom-up floating, thus forming the poetry of lotus pond moonlight. It can be seen that when we describe the scenery, we can use meticulous brushwork to describe the details that highlight the characteristics of the scenery according to the needs of performance, so as to make it stand out without cutting off the relevant background and melting into it.
⑶ Make good use of rhetoric
When describing scenery, we should properly use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and synaesthesia. When you want to convey the aesthetic discovery of landscape to readers, try to transform it into another well-known form of beauty. For example, in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, the delicate fragrance of flowers and leaves is vividly compared to the faint singing on a tall building, and then the hazy beauty of flowers and leaves in the moonlight is compared to a dream with a veil, so that we can truly feel this hazy and dreamlike beauty. Good use of rhetoric can make the object of description vivid, true and sensible, and at the same time make the language of the article beautiful and colorful.
Second, emotional expression should be natural.
Emotional expression should be natural, that is, the emotion expressed in prose must be true and the expression of emotion should be appropriate. Including:
(1), reflecting personal temperament.
Emotion is the soul of lyric prose, and the real soul is often lovely. Just like the old man in Ji Xianlin thinks he is a good man, he doesn't hide his many shortcomings and makes the old man real and lovely. When writing, you must be loyal to your heart, don't moan, don't exaggerate. No style can touch people's hearts without true feelings. The truth of emotion can also present the beauty of personality. The same is true of writing about Peiping. Lao She's Thinking of Beiping is simple and cordial, which shows his nostalgia for his hometown as a Beijinger, while Yu Dafu's Autumn in the Old Capital is quiet and sad, which shows the melancholy and beautiful feelings of literati. True emotion makes prose present charming personal temperament.
⑵ Good at infiltration and blending scenes.
Being good at infiltration refers to skillfully integrating emotions into the description of scenery, expressing feelings through scenery and describing mentality. When the author borrows scenery as the lyric object, the scenery forms a beautiful artistic conception because of emotion, and the emotion directly reaches people's hearts through the scenery, which is implicit and meaningful. For example, in Autumn of the Old Capital by Yu Dafu, "Qing" and "Jing" are not only descriptions and generalizations of objective scenery characteristics, but also the author's inner feelings. The two are integrated and meaningful.