Ma Shi Author of Ma Shi
Tang Li He (790～816)
Phonetic notation: lǐ hè
The word is long and lucky. No. Poetry Ghost. His ancestral home is Longxi, and he was born in Changgu, Fuchang (now Yiyang, Henan Province), later known as Li Changgu. He is a descendant of Li Liang, Prince Zheng of the Tang Dynasty, but his family has declined. When he was a teenager, he was very talented and famous in the capital. His father's name was Jin Su, but because he avoided his father's taboo (Jin and Jin are the same pronunciation), he was not able to ascend the throne. He was depressed, frail and sick all his life. He only worked as a courtier for three years and died at the age of 27. Later generations called him a poetry ghost. Li He devoted his life to poetry, and his poems can be divided into four categories. ①Satire on dark politics and bad social phenomena. Some of these poems directly state current events, and some use the past to satirize the present. Famous works include "Yanmen Taishou's Journey", "Old Man's Song of Picking Jade", etc. Among this type of poems, there are fewer Wugu and Qigu poems, and most of them are Yuefu poems. Some questions are borrowed from old ones, or some are innovative ones, most of them are concise and brilliant. Some have obscure meanings, such as "The Golden Bronze Immortal's Ci Han Song". ② Personal expression of anger. This kind of poems include personal frustration and depression, disease-ridden depression, and the lamentation of the fleeting time and short life. They also include the injustice of "the world is old and no one knows it" and the heroic aspirations of "there are no heroes in the world" and "collecting the fifty states from Guanshan". . ③The theme of gods and ghosts. This kind of poem expresses his disgust and denial of reality through twists and turns. Later generations called him a ghost. ④Other themes such as chanting objects. This type of poetry generally reflects the breadth of Li He's poetry themes and the depth of his thoughts. Li He's poems are rich in imagination, deep and strange, with refined sentences, magnificent colors and full of romance. But there are also a few poems that are clear and easy to understand. He is good at short stories. "The Ballad of Heaven", "Dream Sky", "Song of the Emperor's Son", "Hunan Concubine", etc. are his representative works, which are called Changji style. He wrote mostly ancient poems and Yuefu, but very few modern style poems and no seven-rhythm poems. His poems drew on the style of Qi Liang palace poetry, but were also tainted with some unhealthy things. Because they pay too much attention to carving, some poems often have obscure meanings and are piled with words. Li He once compiled his own collection. There is "Collected Notes on Li He's Poems". For his biography, see Li Shangyin's "Li He's Short Biography", the new and old "Tang Shu" biographies, "Xuan Shi Zhi", "Youxian Advocacy", and "Taoyan".
"Horse Poetry" expresses the heroes' extraordinary talents, lofty ambitions, and untimely feelings and resentment by chanting horses, praising horses, or lamenting the fate of horses. Its expression method is analogous. However, this poem has unique meaning in the use of Bixing technique. Li He*** wrote twenty-three horse poems.
Poetry
(Part 1)
The dragon's spine is attached to the money, and the silver hoofs are walking on the smoke.
No one can weave brocade, who can cast a golden whip?
(Part 2)
The grass roots of the twelfth lunar month are sweet, and the snow on the street is like salt.
If you don’t know whether the mouth is hard or soft, try to hold it in the mouth first.
(Part 3)
Suddenly I remembered the Emperor of Zhou and drove up to Yushan.
When Ming Zou bids farewell to Fengyuan, Chi Ji is the most grateful.
(Part 4)
This horse is an extraordinary horse, and the star of the house is originally a star.
Knocking the thin bones forward still has the sound of copper.
(Part 5)
The sand in the desert is like snow, and the moon in Yanshan Mountain is like a hook.
How can I be a golden person and walk quickly through the autumn.
(Part 6)
When lying down in hunger, the bones and teeth are examined, and the coarse hairs pierce the flowers.
The mane is burnt and the pearls have faded, and the hair is broken and linted.
(Part 7)
The wine of Xi Mu is about to run out, and the rice of Dong Wang has dried up.
If the king goes away, who will pull the chariot shaft?
(Part 8)
The red rabbit has no one to use it, so it must be ridden by Lu Bu.
I heard that Guo dismounted and restrained the barbarian.
(Nine)
Urging Bang to cross the Wujiang River [1], Shen Zui cried to the wind.
The king [2] now unifies his sword, where can he chase the hero?
(Part 10)
The inner horse is given to the palace people, and the silver talon thorns the unicorn.
On the salt slope at noon, you are riding the wind and dust.
(No. 11)
The bamboos are beginning to gather in the ears, but the peach blossoms have not yet reached their upper body.
He sometimes had to stir up the formation and lead him to borrow the general.
(Part 12)
Whose family is Baojue? He has always heard the fragrance of chivalrous bones.
Heaping up gold to buy horse bones will be given to King Xiang of Chu.
(The Thirteenth)
The fragrant owl is new and the dragon is curling up its scales.
Looking back at Nanmo, who says spring is not here?
(Fourteen)
If you don’t follow Huan Gong in hunting, how can you defeat the tiger?
As soon as I emerge from the ditch, I can see the flying clouds.
(Fifteenth)
Tang Jian killed Duke Sui, □ [3] Mao belonged to Taizong.
Don’t think that the golden armor is too heavy, just go catch Piaofeng.
(Sixteenth)
White iron files the green grass, and fine sand falls between the anvils.
The world pities the small neck, but Jin Qi is afraid of the long teeth.
(Seventeenth)
Bole looks forward, with spiral hair in his abdomen.
If you only pick up the white grass now, when will the green mountains suddenly appear?
(Eighteen of them)
Xiao Si carried scripture horses, and Yuan came from the country of Zhu.
I don’t know that there are good signs, and I don’t know how to walk around the stage.
(Nineteenth)
The siege is like a swallow's tail, and the sword is like a fish intestine.
If you want to travel a thousand miles, you must first take advantage of your eyes.
(Twenty)
Temporarily tied to the yellow horse, the immortal goes to the colorful building.
Why are officials banished to Gaozhou when they have to be punished?
(Twenty-one)
When the blood of the Han Dynasty reaches the Wang family, it follows the Luan and shakes the jade.
When Shaojun rides on the sea, people see him as a green mule.
(Twenty-Two)
Emperor Wu loved the gods and burned gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses, and they can’t help but reach the sky.
Notes
[1] Wujiang: One is Jiangdong.
[2] King: Be my king.
[3] Replace "hair" under "volume".
This horse is an extraordinary horse, Fangxing is actually a star.
Knocking the thin bones forward still has the sound of copper.
[4] Yanshan: The name of the mountain, in the north of what is now Hebei Province.
[5]Hook: Scimitar is an ancient weapon shaped like a crescent moon.
[6]Jinluonao: The horse bridle decorated with gold shows the luxury of the harness.
Five of the Horse Poems
Comments:
This poem seems to be about horses, but in fact, it uses horses to express emotions: When can I wear luxurious clothes? Where is the horse's bridle, running so fast on a crisp autumn day? Obviously, this is the poet's exclamation due to his eagerness to establish achievements for the country, but was not appreciated.
This poem describes a horse that has good qualities but suffers from bad experiences. Writing about people and yourself using the technique of imitating objects is a kind of euphemistic writing method that "makes use of the theme".
The first sentence goes straight to the point, expresses the original intention, affirms and emphasizes that the poem represents an extraordinary good horse. The starting sentence is straight and doesn't really have much poetic flavor.
The second sentence "Fangxing is originally a star" seems to repeat the meaning of the first sentence at first glance. "Fangxing" refers to a horse. The sentence says that Fangxing was originally a star in the sky, which means that this horse is not an ordinary thing in the world. If the meaning of this sentence is limited to this, and is almost exactly the same as the first sentence, then it is guilty of duplication. There are only four sentences in the poem, the first sentence is mediocre, and the second sentence is repeated again, then half of the poem is boring and worthless. But if you chew it carefully, you will find that the second sentence has a new meaning, but the meaning is implicit and more obscure and tortuous. There is a passage in "Book of Jin? Astronomical Records": "The four stars of the house are also called Tiansi, which is a heavenly horse and the main driver. If the star of the house is bright, the king is bright." It directly connects the "star of the house" and the "king" It means that the situation of the horse is closely related to the light and darkness of the king and the chaos of the country. Since the quality of the horse is good but the misfortune is bad, then it is self-evident that the king is unknown and political affairs are ignored. This is a "penetration method" that uses twists and turns to make its actual meaning far exceed the literal meaning.
Write three or four sentences about the shape and quality of the horse. If the first two sentences are mainly about judgment and reasoning and lack vivid and vivid images, then the last two sentences are just the opposite. They are lifelike and express their ideas completely with the help of images. Li He writes poems and is good at capturing images. "Scenes that are hard to see are as if they are now." These two sentences are outstanding examples. "Skinny bones" describes the form, expressing the horse's situation; "Bronze sound" describes the quality, reflecting the horse's quality. The horse was emaciated and clearly in bad circumstances. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is just an exhausted ordinary horse. Only those who truly love horses and are good at reading horses will not treat it as an ordinary horse. "Knocking the thin bones forward, they still have the sound of copper." Even though it was in a bad situation and was beaten into disgrace, its bones still had the sound of copper. The word "copper sound" sounds thick and solemn when read, and has a three-dimensional feel. It also contains many meanings: the sound of copper is pleasant to the ear, indicating that the equipment is excellent, thus vividly showing the beautiful quality of the horse's strong bones, making the inner things appear audible, visible, sensible, and knowable. object image. "Quality" is originally very abstract, and "sound" is also relatively elusive. They are both "virtual" things. It is indeed not easy to write fiction with fiction and turn fiction into reality, but the poet did it in just five words. His visualization technique is so superb that it can be said that he has reached the level of proficiency. What is particularly valuable is that by writing about horses, the poem creates a profound artistic conception of the harmony between things and myself. The poet's talent was not found, and his situation was desolate, just like this skinny horse. When he wrote about horses, he was just euphemistically expressing the resentment pent up in his heart. (Zhu Shiying)
The sand in the desert is like snow, and the moon in Yanshan Mountain is like a hook.
How can I be a golden person and walk quickly through the autumn.
"Horse Poetry" expresses the heroes' extraordinary talents, lofty ambitions, and untimely feelings and resentment by chanting horses, praising horses, or lamenting the fate of horses. Its expression method is analogous. However, this poem has unique meaning in the use of Bixing technique.
The first and second sentences show a distinctive frontier battlefield scenery. At first glance, it seems to be a use of diction: on the continuous ridges of Yanshan Mountain, a bright moon is in the sky; the flat sand for thousands of miles looks like a pavement under the moonlight. A layer of white frost and snow. This battlefield scene may only feel sad and solemn to ordinary people, but it is unusually attractive to people who are determined to serve their country.
"The moon in Yanshan resembles a hook" and "A jade bow hangs on the curtain with the dawn moon" (Part 6 of "South Garden") have the same ingenuity. The "hook" is a kind of scimitar, and both the "jade bow" and the "hook" are weapons. From the bright crescent moon When you think of the image of weapons, it also means thinking about fighting. The period of Zhenyuan and Yuanhe where the author lived was an era when the feudal town was extremely domineering, and the Jimen area of ??Youzhou hinted by "Yanshan" was the area where the feudal town was ravaged for the longest time and caused the most severe disasters, so the poetic meaning is Quite realistic. The intention of thinking about war is also targeted. The battlefield with smooth sand and snow is freezing, but it is a place where heroes can perform their duties. Therefore, the description of the scene in these two sentences is the beginning of the lyricism of the next two sentences, which is interesting and meaningful.
Three or four sentences use horses to express emotions: When can we put on the mighty saddle, gallop on the battlefield in the clear autumn air, and make great achievements? One of the poems of "Horse Poetry" says: "There are iron coins on the dragon's back, and silver hooves are white on the smoke. No one is weaving brocade, who is going to forge a golden whip?" The lament of the two sentences "No one is weaving brocade" is the same as "How can I be a golden whip?" ” expresses the same meaning, which is to hope to treat a good horse as a good horse so that it can be used to great effect. "Golden Luo Nao", "Jin Xiu" and "Golden Whip" all belong to valuable saddlery, and they all symbolize the important use of the horse. Obviously, this is the neigh of the author who is eager to make achievements but is not appreciated.
This poem and "South Garden (Why Don't Men Wear Wu Hooks)" both describe the same eager desire to join the army, level down feudal towns, and make contributions to the country. But "South Garden" expresses one's feelings directly, while this poem is allegorical or metaphorical. Expressing one's heart directly is more joyful and heartfelt; while using analogy, one feels the song is melodious and enjoyable. In the first and second sentences of the poem, snow is used to represent sand and hooks are used to represent the moon, which is also a metaphor; starting from a characteristic scenery to elicit lyrical feelings is also exciting. In just twenty words, there is interest in comparison and comparison in excitement, which greatly enriches the expressive power of the poem. From a syntactic point of view, the last two sentences are in one go, starting with the question "where", which strongly conveys the meaning of infinite hope and sighing; and the three words "Stepping into the Qingqiu" have a sonorous tone and novel combination of words. The grass in "Qingqiu" is yellow and the horse is fat, just in time for galloping. The word "go fast" is used to express the light and vigorous grace of the horse. It is exactly "There is no open space in the direction, which is worthy of life and death. With such a gallop, it can run thousands of miles." "(Du Fu's "Fang Bing Cao Hu Ma"). Therefore, the exercise of words and sentences is also a successful factor that cannot be ignored in the artistic expression of this poem. (Zhou Xiaotian)
Emperor Wu loved immortals and burned gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses, and they can’t help but reach the sky.
This is an interesting satirical sketch. The poet draws on the past to describe the present, using humorous and pungent pen and ink to express serious and profound themes.
The first two sentences describe the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty refining elixirs to seek immortality. Emperor Wu wanted to live forever, so he ordered alchemists to refine dansha into gold for consumption, which cost a lot of money. What was the result? All you get is a wisp of purple smoke. The word "de" may seem ordinary, but it has great weight. It ruthlessly criticized and bitterly ridiculed the absurd behavior of making alchemy and seeking immortality, which is why it is so wonderful as "one word of praise or criticism".
The last two sentences describe horses, closely following the title of the poem. "There are all meat horses in the stables, but they can't reach the sky." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was eager to ascend to immortality, did not raise Pegasus horses that could "fly in the clouds" and "catch the wind", but let the useless "meat horses" Fill the stables. "Meat horse" is used to describe a mediocre and inferior horse, which is very accurate. Because they are "royal horses", they have excellent food and accommodation conditions, and they are all fed to make them fat and bulky. It is difficult for such a horse to run on the ground, how can it be ridden into the sky! These two sentences have a profound meaning. In addition to implying the disillusionment of Emperor Wu's dream of seeking a clear sky on a horse, they also imply that the talented and knowledgeable people at that time were abandoned, while the mediocre and incompetent people were promoted one by one, occupied high positions, and crowded the court. Let me ask: How can we rely on these people to make the country prosperous and realize the political ideal of Qingming? This poem concentratedly satirizes the superstition and fatuousness of the supreme ruler at that time, and used inhumane methods. It is full of cleverness and rich in meaning, and it comes out with "laughter". Reading it makes people feel relaxed and refreshing, which is very common in Li He's works. Rare. (Zhu Shiying)
Twenty-three Ma Poems (Twenty-three)
Li He
Emperor Wu loved the gods, and burned gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses, and they can’t understand how to reach the sky.
This is an interesting satirical sketch. The poet draws on the past to describe the present, using humorous and pungent pen and ink to express serious and profound themes.
The first two sentences describe the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty refining elixirs to seek immortality. Emperor Wu wanted to live forever, so he ordered alchemists to refine dansha into gold for consumption, which cost a lot of money. What was the result? All you get is a wisp of purple smoke. The word "de" may seem ordinary, but it has great weight. It ruthlessly criticized and bitterly ridiculed the absurd behavior of refining elixirs and seeking immortality.
The last two sentences describe horses, closely following the title of the poem. "There are all meat horses in the stables, but they can't reach the sky." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who desperately hoped to ascend to immortality, did not raise Pegasus horses that could "fly in the clouds" and "catch the wind", but let the useless "meat horses" Fill the stables. "Meat horse" is used to describe a mediocre and inferior horse, which is very accurate. Because they are "royal horses", they have excellent food and accommodation conditions, and they are all fed to make them fat and bulky. It is difficult for such a horse to run on the ground, how can it be ridden into the sky! These two sentences have a profound meaning. In addition to implying the disillusionment of Emperor Wu's dream of seeking a clear sky on a horse, it also implies that the talented and knowledgeable people at that time were abandoned, while the mediocre and incompetent people were promoted one by one, occupied high positions, and crowded the court.
Let me ask: How can we rely on these people to make the country prosperous and realize the political ideal of Qingming? This poem concentratedly satirizes the superstition and fatuousness of the supreme ruler at that time, and used inhumane methods. It is clever and full of meaning, and it comes out with "laughter". Reading it makes people feel relaxed and refreshing, which is very common in Li He's works. Rare.
This horse is an extraordinary horse, Fangxing is actually a star. Knocking the thin bones forward still has the sound of copper.
Li He's "Horse Poems" contains 23 poems, most of which have unique meanings. This is the fourth song, about the extraordinary horse bones. House star: one of the twenty-eight constellations. "Rui Ying Tu": "The horse is the essence of the house star." The ancients believed that extraordinary people or things in the world were connected to the corresponding stars. Bronze sound: Zhang Heng's "Tokyo Fu": "Tian Ma Half Han". Note: "A heavenly horse is also a bronze horse." This poem says that the horse is an extraordinary horse, but it does not receive good treatment. Therefore, it is skinny but not weak. It has strong bones and a sound of bronze when struck. "Book of Jin Astronomical Records": "Fang Si Xing, also known as Tian Si, is a celestial horse that drives a chariot. If the Fang Si star is bright, then the king is bright." Li He's poem uses a horse as a metaphor for people. It is obvious that Li He means an extraordinary and outstanding talent. Did not meet the Ming Lord. If a good horse is not used, the owner will be in danger. The two sentences "Knocking the thin bones forward still have the sound of copper" are vigorous and dignified, with extraordinary strength, strong and distinct texture, and use virtual reality to describe the pen. It is a superb pen.
Fifth
The sand in the desert is like snow, and the moon in Yanshan Mountain is like a hook (1). How can I be like Jinluo Nao (2) and walk quickly through the clear autumn.
1. Yanshan: This refers to Yanran Mountain, which is a place in the northwest that produces fine horses. The desert and Yanshan are both the hometown of horses.
2. When: When can it be done?
3. Jinluonao: a horse head inlaid with gold. Ancient Yuefu's "Mo Shang Sang": "The golden horse's head is wrapped around it."
This article writes that good horses come from famous places, and the frontier world is vast, and they can gallop bravely, but they only need to meet a famous master. The word hedang expresses hope. Li He lived in an era when vassal towns were divided and wars were frequent. The author used famous horses to describe himself, saying that although there is a place for talents when it comes to employing people, there is still a need for a master who cherishes talents and uses them. This is the basic meaning of Li Hema's poem. In his short life, Li He always had the ambition to make great achievements. For this reason, he was even willing to join the army.
But this ideal is ultimately difficult to realize, so there is always a sense of gloomy sadness and anger in his poems.