Li Bai (70 1-762), whose word is Taibai, is a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now near Tianshui City, Gansu Province), and later one of his branches fell to central Asia (now near tokmak, the former Soviet Union, which was under the jurisdiction of various branches in the Tang Dynasty), where Li Bai was born. At the beginning of Shenlong, Li Bai fled to Shu with his father and lived in Zhangming, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province).
Li Bai is as famous as Du Fu and is known as "Du Li" in the world. His thoughts are complicated, including Confucianism, Taoism, ranger and strategist, while Confucianism and Taoism are dominant, even putting Zhuangzi above Qu Yuan. Li Bai's political ideal is to "enlarge the atlas area and clarify Hai Xian County" (in response to Meng Shaofu's command). However, he avoided the imperial examination, lived in seclusion and made friends, in order to make a name for himself in Beijing and wait for him to be invited to the DPRK. His admiration for Jiang Shang, Fan Li, Lu Zhonglian, Sean and Xie Anzhi is beneficial. He was the teacher who made meritorious deeds for the emperor, and later retired with success. His thoughts are the product of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Gong Zizhen once said: "Zhuang and Qu Shi are inseparable, taking it as their heart and starting with confession;" Confucianism, immortals and chivalry are three things that cannot be combined into one. If they are angry, they will confess. "However, just as it was about to make a difference, the prosperity of Kaiyuan had passed, the court was increasingly corrupt, and a new crisis was brewing in the society. Desire is extremely extravagant, but the hope of realizing it is extremely involved, so his feeling of being hit by himself is doubly heavy. Whenever he encounters setbacks and injustice, he will burst into strong indignation, and his bold criticism and denial of the existing order are often overwhelming. But in addition to my indignation, I often want to use seclusion to seek immortality and binge drinking to temporarily relieve my mental pain, which shows the profound influence of Taoist criticism of reality and seclusion thought. In this way, Li Bai spent his whole life in the fierce ideological struggle between ideal and reality, birth and WTO entry.
Li Bai's life experience can be divided into four periods. (a) reading roaming period (before the age of 42). At the same time, Li Bai's fifteen wonderful books, Fu Ling Xiang Ru, fifteen immortals and fifteen good swordsmanship. After the age of twenty, I wandered through Shu, climbed Emei and went to Qingcheng. These experiences have had an important influence on the formation of Li Bai's bold personality and poetic style. In the 14th year of Kaiyuan, Li Bai was twenty-six. He "went abroad with his sword and left his relatives to travel far away" and began a new period of roaming and seeking official positions. Footprints, a few and a half China. He has lived in seclusion with Yuan Danqiu, Kong Chaofu and Taoist Wu Yun in Songshan, Culai and Tanzhong. (2) In the third year of Chang 'an (42 to 45 years old), in the first year of Tianbao, Xuanzong sent a letter to Chang 'an on the recommendation of Wu Jun.. "Laugh at the sky and go out. Are we Artemisia people? " ("Nanling children go to Beijing") He Zhangzhi's opinion, sighing as "fallen immortals", is famous in the ruling and opposition parties. But Xuanzong only used him to decorate Taiping, so he felt that his political ideal was shattered. "Yang Jiuzhu, make waves and red leaves." His arrogant style of despising the imperial power was finally unacceptable, so he came out again. After five years in Xijing and three years in Hanlin, he realized the decadence of ruling the visiting delegation and the darkness of real politics, so he began to write some poems to express his anger and attack the reality. (3) Roaming again (45 to 55 years old). "As soon as I go to Beijing, I will take ten passengers to Liangyuan." White out of Beijing to Luo, met Du Fu, to Bianzhou, met Gao Shi, and the three went with them. "Get drunk in autumn and walk hand in hand with the Japanese." (Du Fu's "Looking for Fan Ten" and Li lived in seclusion for 12 years and forged a profound friendship. In the meantime, "being unemployed is like floating Peng", and life is very embarrassing. However, due to the increasingly dark politics in Tianbao period, his mood was also very sad and angry: "Kill the tiger and trap the eagle", but he thought he was "brilliant and worthy of the world", so more and more works exposed the reality and his rebellious spirit became stronger and stronger, which became the remarkable feature of his creation in this period. (4) unfortunate year (55 to death). An Shi started from chaos and hid in Lushan Mountain. Lin arose, crossed Xunyang and made him the shogunate. Later, he was imprisoned and exiled Yelang. "I have never shed tears in my life. I am crying here." On the way, I was pardoned and ordered to escort Li. Li Guangbi begged Shi Chaoyi, who volunteered to kill the enemy. During the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai's poems and Du Like's poems were regarded as the embodiment of patriotism.
Li Bai is a great romantic poet. I have written many poems in my life, but "I was away from the Central Plains for eight years, and I lost nine of what I wrote at that time, and all those who survive today have won others" (Preface to Li Caotang's Collection). Li Taibai Ji has collected more than 900 poems, and The Whole Tang Poetry has collected 25 volumes. His plan has the largest number of archaisms and quatrains and the greatest achievements. Less rhymes, less seven rhymes. Among the ancient poems, there are 149 musical poems. Although most of these Yuefu poems are still the old themes of Yuefu, they are full of realistic political contents, such as "Fighting in the South and Fighting in the North", "Entering Wine", "Difficult to Walk" and "Liang". These poems, together with his famous 59 pieces of Antique, and his seven-character Long song, such as Climbing in the Dream of Tianmu Mountain and Sending a Learning Letter to Shu Yun from Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou, constitute an important aspect of Li Bai's poetic achievements. Some of them express their embrace and anger at political darkness, some show their anxiety about turbulent times, and some show their concern for women. The most distinctive works are those that lament political frustration, and their unrestrained feelings, such as running a river, can best reflect his temperament and style. He is also good at expressing implicit and profound feelings in the form of quatrains, such as Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, Gift to Wang Lun, The First Work of Baidicheng, Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain, etc. , especially the four quatrains, elegant and leisurely, like nature, so keep pace with Wang Changling, is the swan song of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, his five laws are also flowing, simple and honest, eclectic and unique. Rich imagination, bold exaggeration, strong lyricism and fresh language constitute the unique characteristics of his poetry, which shows his ability to learn poetry, Sao and Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. For details of his life, please refer to Tang Li's Preface to Caotang Collection, Tang Fan's Tang Zuoji and Tombstone. There is Li Taibai's collection, with Wang Qi as the compilation explanation.
Antique (1)
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This is the earliest poetics poem in the history of China literature. The poem reviews the development trend of China's poetry since The Book of Songs and Li Sao, and the relationship between the rise and fall of politics and the change of writing style. Praise the revival of ancient simple politics in the contemporary era, express the sense of responsibility of the literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to follow the trend, share the ideal and reform the style of writing, and finally promise themselves by summing up the mission of a generation of culture. It is the opening work of 59 ancient styles. The "ancient style" poems inherited the creative styles of Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai" and Chen Ziang's "Feeling", and concentrated on expressing the poet's life ambition and feelings about social politics.
original text
Who will fail if I don't do it for a long time?
Wang is a creeping weed, and there were many hazelnuts in the Warring States period.
Dragons and tigers eat each other, and soldiers fight to catch crazy Qin.
What's the sound? I feel sad for the poet.
The horse is making waves, and it is endless.
Although the prosperity has changed, the charter has also fallen.
Since Jian 'an came, beauty is not precious.
Sundae restore ancient times, and clothes are expensive and halal.
The group belongs to Ming Xiu and is transported by * * *.
Brilliant literature, all the stars.
I aim to delete the narrative and reflect the spring.
If you want to be a saint, you will never get it.
Ode to the Difficult Road of Shu
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem is one of Li Bai's outstanding masterpieces. "Difficult Shu Dao" is an old topic in Yuefu's Hehe Qu, which mostly describes the precipitous and dangerous Shu Dao. There are different opinions about the technique of this poem. Tang Mengbang's "Poetry Art" says: He first entered Beijing from Shu, but left him to invade the Japanese. He Jian heard Zhang's name and went to see him for the first time. It's amazing. Please reply to what you wrote. The publication of Shu Dao Nan is to show it. If you haven't finished reading it, the number of sighing people is four, and the number is' Xian Xian'. You can exchange gold and electricity for wine and get drunk. "This statement is attached to people, and it is believed that it was made at the end of Kaiyuan when he first entered Chang 'an.
original text
Whoa, whoa, whoa! High risk!
It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky.
Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age!
Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai.
And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, all the way to the peak of Emei.
Take pains to destroy the strong men in the landslide, and then the ladder is connected with the stone pile.
On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel.
It is difficult to climb such a height, even the yellow crane said, "Apes are eager to cross sorrow."
Green clay mountain is made up of many circles! Every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound.
Panting, we passed Orion and sat on his hand and sighed.
We don't know whether this road to the west will never end. The road ahead is getting darker and darker.
Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird.
Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain.
It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. It turns pale when you smell it!
The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface.
In thousands of waterfalls, rocks have turned into stones.
All these dangers follow. Why do people who live at a safe distance come here? !
Although the pass of the watchtower is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it.
Guard or not, but the wolf to his companion? .
There are hungry tigers in the daytime, and there are poisonous reptiles at night. Their teeth and fangs are ready to kill people like hemp.
Although the Silk City is beautiful, I'd rather go home soon.
The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky, and it is difficult to squint at the west.
Invite for a drink
Notes on the title or background of a book.
"Into the Wine", an old topic in Yuefu, is one of the 18 Chinese pop songs. Guo Maoqian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, solved this problem in the sixteenth volume of Yuefu Poems: "As the old saying goes, drinking and singing are the main reasons." "Dabai", big wine glass. "Will" means "please". This poem was written in the 11th year of Tianbao (752). Li Bai and his friend Cen Can lived in Angelababy, a hermit in Songshan, and drank this poem. Poetry expresses the traditional theme that life is short, eat, drink and be merry in time with heroic spirit. Apollo's ambition contains deep talent depression and political frustration, but Wang Yang's momentum is not depressed.
original text
Have you ever noticed how the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return!
Have you ever noticed that in the bright mirror of the high room, what lovely hair, although still silky black in the morning, turns into snow at night!
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me.
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up.
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
At a banquet in Yuanman Palace, Prince Chen fought with 1000 porcelain.
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? Go buy wine, and we'll drink together! .
Five flower horses, Hsi Chin, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine. Whatever you want, sell eternal sorrow.
It's hard to go (1)
Notes on the title or background of a book.
In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty (744), Li Bai was envied and slandered by his colleagues in the imperial court. Knowing that the authorities would not tolerate him, he left angrily. Shortly after leaving the imperial court, he wrote three "It's Hard to Walk", which is one of them. "Difficult to Go" was originally an ancient Yuefu Zaqu, with the theme of difficult times or parting. This song shows the gloom of the future and obstacles, as well as the confidence to break through obstacles and realize the ideal.
original text
The cost of pure wine is a gold cup, 10 thousand copper coins and a hip flask, and I am ashamed of 10 thousand yuan.
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.
Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today.
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Thoughts in the dead of night
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Li Bai has been living in exile for a long time since he left Zhongshu in the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724). This article is written for homesickness. Yuefu Poetry Collection listed it in Yuefu Miscellaneous Poems. In its text, the full text of the collection of Qing people is "such a bright line is at the foot of my bed, may it have frost?" . Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly remembered home. "The text of the Song and Yuan Dynasties is slightly different. It says," Look at the moonlight in front of the bed. Is there frost? . Looking up at the mountains and the moon, and sinking again, I suddenly remembered home. "Now many people follow the former.
original text
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Qiupu Song (Part 15)
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Song of Qiupu is a group of seventeen poems, which will soon express their resentment and melancholy when they wandered around Qiupu (now Guichi County, Anhui Province) during the Tianbao period. This is the fifteenth song, which is a masterpiece.
original text
White hair three thousands of feet, sorrow like a beard.
I don't know where to get autumn frost in the mirror.
Visit Tianmu Mountain in a Dream
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This article is one of Li Bai's representative works. The first topic is "Don't be Duke Lu Dong". Tianmu, the name of the mountain, is one of the poetic styles and singing methods in Xinchang, Zhejiang today. Written in the fourth year of Tianbao (745). The year before last, Li Bai was pushed out by powerful people in the capital Chang 'an, released from Beijing and arrived in Shandong. At that time, he will travel from eastern Shandong to wuyue, and give this poem to his friends before his trip.
original text
The sea can talk about Yingzhou, and water and fog are hidden outside the method.
But the more people talk about the mother mountain, the clouds are light or visible.
On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, topped with five sacred peaks, and casts a shadow across China.
The Paradise Terrace Mountains are 100 miles long, and it is here that they begin to extend to the southeast.
My heart and my dream are in Wu Heyue. They cross Jinghu Lake on a moonlit night.
The moon lit up my shadow and I came to Yanhe.
Xie 'an is still there, with a loud voice and rippling blue waves.
I am wearing Xie's earliest spiked shoes, shooting the green ladder.
Halfway through the sunny ocean, the sacred rooster crows in space.
Thousands of turns, flowers lure me, stones slow me down. The day suddenly ended.
In "Bear, Dragon, Mountains and Rivers in Waves", the forest is deep and the floor is breathtaking.
Clouds are darkened by rain, and streams are pale by fog.
God of thunder and lightning, the mountains are crumbling.
Cave stone gate, drain in tiankeng.
An impenetrable shadow, the sun and the moon shine on the golden milk platform.
Wearing rainbow clothes and riding the wind, all the queens of the clouds came and came down one by one.
With the tiger as the harp and the phoenix as the dancer, the images of fairies are arranged in rows.
I moved, my soul flew and suddenly began to grow.
My pillow and mat are the lost clouds in which I once lived.
This is the consistent way of human happiness, and all kinds of things will always flow to the east like water.
In this way, I left you, I don't know how long I will leave, but let me raise a white deer on my green hillside; When I need you, ride to you, great mountain.
Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face!
Yellow Crane Tower —— Meng Haoran's farewell on his way to Yangzhou
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem, written in the Kaiyuan period, is a famous farewell poem. Meng Haoran, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty. Guangling, namely Yangzhou, Jiangsu. The author of this poem sent his friend Meng Haoran to visit the Yellow Crane Tower by boat. At first, he imagined the fireworks in March, which was the early spring in Jiangnan. Then he wrote that the ship was drifting away and the sails were in the distance. The river is blue, the sky is blue, and the feelings are endless. It shows the deep friendship between the author and Meng Haoran.
original text
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
My friend's sail shadow faded away and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, only seeing the first line of the Yangtze River and heading for the distant horizon.
Send a friend away
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This poem was written by Li Bai in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, at the end of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. However, it is difficult to verify who sent it. Just based on the words "falling Peng" and "floating clouds" in his poems, he can be slightly judged as a frustrated waste.
original text
Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city.
You must leave me here, float away, and Wan Li will sign it.
I will think of you in the clouds, and the sunset is full of hostility.
With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.
Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Building Farewell to School Book Shu Yun
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Song of Accompanying to the Building was written by Li Bai in Xuancheng at the end of Tianbao to bid farewell to Li Yun, secretary of the provincial school. Xuanzhou, now Xuancheng County, Anhui Province. Xie Tiao Building in the North Building and Xie Tiao in the South were built by Xuancheng Prefecture. School book, school book lang, official name, doing book sorting work in the central government. Liu Yun was then the secretary of the province.
original text
Since yesterday, I have to leave Bolt and me behind.
It hurts my heart even more today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.
Afraid of escaping, I want to fly and yearn for the sky and the bright moon.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
Wanglushan Waterfall
Notes on the title or background of a book.
There are two poems in Looking at Lushan Waterfall. The first one is a five-character ancient poem, so here's the second one. Judging from the high-spirited and radical feelings expressed in this poem, as well as the tone of surprise and admiration for Lushan Waterfall, it may be that Li Bai was 26 years old and was traveling in Lushan.
original text
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
Wangtianmen mountain
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Tianmen Mountain is the dangtu in Anhui today. Wang Bo in the East and Liangshan in the West. Jiajiang confronts each other, with twin peaks like doors. Therefore, it is collectively called Tianmen. This poem was written in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725). At that time, 25-year-old Li Bai sailed eastward and passed Tianmen Mountain for the first time.
original text
The Yangtze River splits the Tianmen Peak like a giant axe, and the green river flows around the island.
The green hills on both sides are neck and neck, and a boat meets leisurely from the horizon.
Zaofa baidicheng
Notes on the title or background of a book.
During the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai became a shogunate and joined Li Lin in Wang Yong. After the Xiaozong brothers fought for power, Li Lin was killed and Li Bai was sentenced to exile. When I arrived in Baidicheng, I was forgiven. Li Bai passed the Three Gorges on his way home, so I had to write this poem. Baidicheng, now Fengjie East, Sichuan.
original text
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
Drink with the moon (1)
Notes on the title or background of a book.
There are four * * * poems in Drinking the Bright Moon Alone, and this is one of them. The first song is Duijiu, which was mostly composed by Li Bai when he was in Chang 'an. Poetry expresses the bitterness and loneliness of political frustration, but it still maintains its lofty and broad-minded state.
original text
Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone.
Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.
The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind.
I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.
The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering.
Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness.
I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.