(1) five sentences
Equal to each other, the norm is "equal", and the following situations are called "embarrassment" and "just right":
One, five words standard is "flat and flat", if the first word is flat, it is an awkward sentence, such as Xu Hun's "Send Li Shaofu Nanling": "Sail down in Qiushui Temple and drive the horse to the sunset mountain", the first word of the sentence is flat; Xu Hun's "Playing Canxue to Send Doctor Yin to the South of the Yangtze River": "There is no place to avoid the sun, and the first word of each sentence is Yan, which is called Ao. If a poem has five words on the same level, the first word is flat, then the third word must be flat, which is called "Jiu". For example, in the two poems of Xu Hun quoted above, the third word "autumn" in the first sentence and the third word "nothing" in the second sentence are both flat and are all "nine", which together are called "Ou Jiu".
Second, the five words are flat, such as the third word, which is homophonic, but the next sentence can be omitted, but the first word must be flat, otherwise it is "flat" (that is, there is only one flat word in a sentence). For example, Li Shangyin's Gao Song, "Gao Song stands out from the crowd and accompanies me all over the world", the third word "Chu" is deformed and can be redeemed, but the first word "Gao" must be flat, otherwise it will be lonely.
Third, five words are always plain. If the fourth word is flat, then the third word should be flat, otherwise it will be dropped. For example, in Li Shangyin's Le Garden Scenic Area, the fourth word "smoke" is flat and flat.
(2) Seven-character quatrains
First, the first word and the third word of the seven-character quatrain can be flat, but the third word of the antithesis "flat, flat, flat, flat, flat" must be flat, otherwise it will become flat. If the third word is not easy to change to a flat voice, then the fifth word must be changed to a flat voice, so as to save the turning point, such as Du Mu's "Willow", "The sunset flows from the west to the east, and the spring is endless. Why is the willow poor? The rain is low in Wuzhang, and the wind is inclined in front of Song Yuzhai. The wind in front of Song Yuzhai in Duizhun is "even". That is to say, the third word is not easy to be changed into a flat voice, so the fifth word should be changed into a flat voice "oblique" to avoid loneliness.
Secondly, if the fifth word of the seven-character rhyme "Pingruo" sentence is twisted into a vowel, it is still legal and cannot be saved. But if the sixth word is flat, it must be saved, that is, if the fifth word is flat, it must be out of tune. For example, in Untitled by Li Shangyin, "I know that this love can't be achieved, and if I don't guard against melancholy, I will be crazy". The sentence is "flat and flat", and the sixth word "nothing" is flat, and the fifth word is changed to "le".
Shuang' ao
(1) five fonts. Five fonts is a single pride, and five fonts is a double depression.
First, in the five-word "occasionally flat" sentence, if the third word is flat, then the third word of the sentence must be changed to a flat voice to avoid turning points, so the upper and lower sentences become: occasionally flat. For example, in Su Shi's poem "You and Zhao Linyin", "The ancient temple is full of bamboo, and the deep forest smells cuckoo". The third word at the beginning of the sentence should be flat and full, and it must be changed to "smell" to save the turn;
Second, in the five-word "occasionally flat" sentence, the fourth word of the sentence should be flat. If it is flat, then the third word of the next sentence should be changed to a flat voice to save the turning point, or the first word of the next sentence can also be changed to a flat voice, that is, the "even" poem such as "The mountain fire didn't consume them very much, and they rose again in the spring breeze" in Bai Juyi's Farewell to the Ancient Grass, the fourth sentence should be a flat voice, and the third word of the next sentence should be a flat voice, so
Third, in the five-word "occasionally flat" sentence, the third and fourth words of the sentence should be flat, but the results are flat and flat, and they become "occasionally flat". Or, if the sentence is broken down into five tones, there must be a tone adjustment, so that the tone is beautiful. Such as Meng Haoran's Poems "Guangling Meets Xue Ba" and "Confucianists Disappointed in Wu Chu". The third and fourth words of the sentence should have been flat, but they all became "no" The third word of the next sentence should have been flat, so it must be changed to "Wu" to save the turn.
(2) Seven-character style. The seven-character style is a single sentence, and the flat sentence is a complex sentence. The standard format of sentences is "flat and flat".
First, if the fifth word in the sentence is "Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping". For example, in Wei's Xixi on Chuzhou, "Spring tide brings rain late, and there is no boat crossing in the wild", the fifth word at the beginning of the sentence is broken into "late" and the fifth word in the next sentence is changed to "boat" to save the turn;
Second, in the sentence "Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping, for example, Du Mu's" Four Hundred and Eighty Temples in the Southern Dynasties ",the word" eighty "in the fifth and sixth sentences is awkward, and the fifth word in the next sentence is changed to.
Third, if the sixth word in the "ping-even" sentence is bent into a flat tone, the fifth word in the next sentence should also be bent into a flat tone to avoid turning points. For example, the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, a long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven. Now there is nothing but the Yellow Crane Tower. The sixth word of the sentence is twisted into the word "crane", and the fifth word of the next sentence is twisted into the word "yellow" to save the turning point.
To sum up, although there are many ways to recover, there is only one principle, which is to avoid "loneliness" and make the tone beautiful. In this way, there is a new tone and rhythm different from the usual ones, which changes the long-used metrical poems, makes the syntax flexible, makes the brushwork look new and clumsy, and becomes new and beautiful. It can be seen that innovation is the life of all things, and poetic meter is no exception.
Expansion: Appreciation of the poem Song of Saigon to Yuan Mei
Li Panlong in Ming Dynasty: The Song of Cezanne to Yuan Mei
Bai Rushuang is cold, and Hu Feng keeps picking up Chang 'an.
There is a western hill and a moon above the city. How many people are watching at once?
Translate Song of Saigon and send it to Yuan Mei.
Yuan Mei took a white military certificate and braved the cold to go outside the Great Wall. Aliens invaded the northeast border, and the warning smoke was lit one by one on the continuous beacon tower, reaching the capital.
When Yuan Mei traveled, it was just dawn, and a round of Leng Yue hung obliquely over the city. After dawn, a fierce battle will break out at the front. The men and women guarding the border did not take off their clothes, nor did their horses unload. They are anxiously waiting for Beijing's decision.
Notes on Saigon Song to Yuan Mei
Saishangqu: The poem title of ancient Yuefu, most famous for the works of Li Bai and Wang Changling in Tang Dynasty.
Yuan Mei: Wang Shizhen, as famous as Li Panlong, is the first of the "last seven sons".
Feather: Feather book or feather trigger is an ancient document for conscription or military use. With bird hair on it, it means that an emergency must be transmitted quickly.
Hu Feng (fēng): refers to the border police invaded by northern minorities. Beacon: namely beacon smoke and bonfire. In ancient times, when the enemy invaded the border, he would send out a fireworks alarm.
O: close, direct.
Chang 'an: Located in the northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, it is one of the ancient capitals of China, where the Western Han Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty all established their capitals. Later, it was often called Chang 'an, actually referring to the then capital Beijing.
Xishan: the general name of the mountains in the western suburbs of Beijing.
Conscription: A soldier about to go out.
Appreciation of Saigon Song to Yuan Mei
At the beginning of the word "white feather", it is pointed out that the frontier fortress is in an emergency, and when it is in an emergency, the military documents are inserted with bird feathers, indicating that this book is in an emergency and must be transmitted quickly like a bird, so it is called feather book or feather state. The word "frost" not only describes the whiteness of bird feathers and "sets off the cold outside the Great Wall", but also means precipitous. The first sentence outlines the picture of a newsboy riding his horse at full speed in the cold wind outside the Great Wall, carrying the book with severe frost on his back.
In the second sentence, the images of "Hu Feng's succession to Chang 'an" and "Hu Feng's succession to Chang 'an" show that foreigners have invaded the border many times. Chang 'an is the capital of the Tang Dynasty, and "connecting Chang 'an" should be based on the previous sentence, which means that the border is in emergency frequently, and the battle report goes straight to the court, and the military situation is urgent.
The first two sentences of this poem cast a tense atmosphere of war on the whole poem. These two sentences use the unique lens of war-Yu Shu and Hu Feng, and they are written with great seriousness and a sense of urgency.
The last two sentences said that the sergeant went out to fight. "The first newspaper in the city reported a Xishan dialect, how many people want to read it at once", and these two sentences were inherited. "The rhythm changed from hasty to relaxed, and the content changed from war to lyricism. This sentence can be said to be the most common image report in frontier fortress poems. Every sentence according to the frontier fortress makes the scenery outside the Great Wall magnificent and sad, hazy and sad, and quite frontier fortress. In the third sentence, the poet wrote the frontier fortress sentence very quietly and beautifully at night; "Reporting Sentences" in Poetry. It can not only set off family ties, but also show time and render the atmosphere. The world * * * reported a word, why there are Xishan and Dongshan, but the hometown is different. The' Xishan sentence' in the poem has profound implications, and' Xishan' is secretly associated with' frontier fortress' and' Hu Feng'. " Blending with the next sentence "Kansentence" constitutes a good situation. Recruiting people to read sentences is "intertwined with the sadness of missing hometown and the ambition to make contributions." "How many conscripts" refers to many soldiers who left their hometown to go on expeditions to defend their country against the enemy. They are all human beings, standing very close, able to read clearly and feeling homesick. "Look at it right away" implies this kind of emotion. Soldiers ride horses to the Great Wall or patrol the border, look up and visit the Ming sentence hanging in the air, miss their friendly hometown and a beautiful life, "ready to defend the great rivers and mountains of the motherland to the death." Therefore, the last two sentences not only have the heroic and tragic style common in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, but also "have a sentimental feeling of reporting, which is the general view of the whole poem. The poet deliberately sets discordant notes here, and with the help of the power of artistic dialectics, he creates a realm of reporting things, reporting things and reporting outside. "
This poem is a farewell poem written by Li Panlong in Ming Dynasty, and its beauty lies in Wang Shizhen. Wang Shizhen's trip is related to national defense. The poet wrote a poem for his heroic deeds, and the poem "recruiting people" means to see him off. Although this poem looks like a Tang poem, it also reveals the author's concern for reality. The whole poem has only four sentences. The first three sentences focus on scenery and atmosphere, which lays the foundation for the lyricism of the latter sentence. The first two sentences select four groups of images of White, Sai Han, Hu Feng and Chang 'an, emphasizing the urgency of military affairs and rendering the atmosphere of Yuan Mei's trip. The next two sentences, in Xishan's words, link recruiters with capital, which not only shows that recruiters don't love capital, but also try their best to keep the border. "I hope Yuan Mei can handle border affairs well and live up to its mission. This poem is vigorous and broad, with deep artistic conception, quite in the style of frontier poems in Tang Dynasty. Li Panlong's poems were deliberately proportional in the Tang Dynasty, especially Yuefu poems, but this poem is concise in style, broad in artistic conception and vigorous in style, which won the charm of frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty and achieved the harmonious unity of spirit and form.
The Creative Background of Song of Saigon to Yuan Mei
Song of Yuan Mei from Saigon is a farewell poem. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, border incidents occurred frequently, and northern Tatars invaded Beijing many times, which directly threatened the capital. The poet and Wang Shizhen were both leaders of the "last seven sons" in Ming Dynasty, and their friendship was profound. The poet wrote this poem to bid farewell to Wang Shizhen and encouraged him to work hard on border affairs to share his worries about the country.