Du Fu
Wuxia grows in late spring and March; The sky is high and the clouds are light.
Thunder suddenly sends a thousand peaks of rain, and flowers are as muddy as flowers.
The oriole turned over the water, and the swallow might as well get muddy.
In the picture of Gefei shutter, nothingness belongs only to Xiaoxiang.
Appreciate:
This poem was written by Du Fu when he lived in Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Chongqing). It's not a famous sentence, but the poetic style belongs to the seven-character law. The second couplet should be flat and even, but it is flat and even, which constitutes the first couplet. The last three words of the first sentence are "average". Because the first sentence of this poem is flat, it also presents the so-called "loneliness" phenomenon, which is also an embarrassing sentence. A careful study of the modern poems of famous poets in the Tang Dynasty shows that this awkward style is generally self-contained, especially the last three words of the first sentence, "Gu Ping", which can be seen from time to time, may have its own rules, but it will not cause harm to singing. However, if later poets imitate it, they may be ridiculed or even reprimanded. This is the so-called famous artists can do what you can't, which seems to be established and unreasonable.
Critics in the old days praised this poem as a "wonder", while Huang Sheng in the Qing Dynasty said it was "readable by Shan Jutu in late spring". Now let me briefly talk about my superficial views.
The first sentence, "Wuxia grows in late spring and March." From Fengjie, Chongqing to Yichang, Hubei, there are mountains and canyons on both sides of the Yangtze River, the most steep of which is called "Three Gorges". Zuo Si in Jin Dynasty wrote in Shu Du Fu: "Crossing the Three Gorges". However, there have been different views on the names of the Three Gorges in past dynasties, such as Yueming Gorge and Huangniu Gorge. In Du Fu's poems, there is also a question about where the Three Gorges spread. Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge are usually called the Three Gorges. In the Three Gorges, the number of Wuxia Gorge is long, which is called "the length of Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong". In late spring, spring will pass. Before the Tang Dynasty, people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties wrote poems to express their feelings of cherishing spring from time to time, such as "it is late without spring", "Spring is everywhere, and time is always cherished", "I don't worry about flowers, but I am afraid that flowers will fly out" and so on. Du Fu wrote that "March in late spring is the length of the Wuxia Gorge" and linked it with "March in late spring". The late spring and March in the canyon seems to be longer than other places, which is a departure from the old tune of cherishing spring and has a new meaning.
The second sentence is "The weather is fine today". Qiu, a famous annotator of Du Fu's poems in Qing Dynasty, explained: "The sunshine in Yunfu passes by, and its color is so bright that a thunderstorm will do." Autumn means that the poet wrote this second sentence and led to the third sentence to write thunderstorm. Yang Lun, another annotator in Qing Dynasty, made the same understanding. According to the general poetic concept, it is generally correct to say that the second sentence of the seven laws leads to the third sentence, or that the third sentence follows the second sentence. However, for the works of great poets, we can't use poetic mode to make a rigid explanation. As I said before, Du Fu's poem "This is the way it is" is a seven-meter poem. For this poem, predecessors often explain it from its level and even irregular rhythm. Now, I might as well put forward a point that Du Fu's poems are "awkward" not only in the form of flatness, but also in the poetic connection. Therefore, I don't think the second sentence of this poem "That's the thing" necessarily leads to the third sentence. Moreover, Jiao Jiao describes Jiao Ming's appearance, and Tao Yuanming's poem Jiao Jiao Biography of Shang Ping is an example. Du Fu's description of white clouds is not about clouds, and the statement that "a thunderstorm is coming" in autumn may not be correct.
I think the last sentence of the second couplet, "Thunderstorm suddenly sends a thousand peaks and rains", is a stroke of righteousness and also reflects the actual scenery of the sunny and rainy place at that time. Moreover, it is this sentence that has written a magnificent scene. Whoever writes about the scenery in late spring, even if it can avoid sadness, is not easy to write magnificently. Thunderstorm is a magnificent sight. The next sentence of the second couplet "Flowers are as muddy as flowers" was written by Yu. If we follow the old pattern, there will be rain and flowers falling, or wet flowers and wet branches hanging down. Du fu gave up all this, but adopted the artistic conception that flowers bloom more brightly after the rain. Li Shimin wrote "Flowers are more colorful" in the poem "Singing Rain", and Yu Shinan also wrote the poem "Mountain flowers burn more when they are wet". Here Du Fu made a slight change and wrote that flowers smell better after the rain. With regard to "White Crane Fragrance", Zhao Cigong, a famous researcher of Du Fu's poetry in Song Dynasty, quoted an ancient poem: "White Crane Fragrance in Boshan Furnace, Douliang in Su He, Yujin", which shows that "White Crane Fragrance" is a mixed name of various fragrances. Shen Yue's "Painting Boshan Incense Burner by Liu Yongzhou" also said: "On a clear night, a hundred rivers spit, and smoke is everywhere." Or when actually singing, the word "harmony" in Du Fu's poem "Hundred Harmony Fragrance" should be read as a conjunction. It can be prepared, but unfortunately there is no documentary basis for exegetics.
The third part wrote Yingying Yan: "The oriole turned over the water, and the swallow might as well get stuck in the mud." Yingying Yan often appears in previous poems about spring, but it is the easiest to become conventional. Du Fu caught a special situation in "Orioles" by thunderstorm, that is, "orioles over water" or "orioles over water", and their wings were wet by rain. Qiu explained, "Yinger is afraid of rain, so she turned back." Pu Yin Long's Reading Du Xin Jie said: "If you turn around, you can't stop in the rain." I think Platts is more insightful. Many Du Fu's poems describe the oriole very cute, but this poem describes its clumsy shape. Is it suitable? Appropriately, the exquisite oriole met a thunderstorm, turned around in a panic and lived indefinitely, which truly conformed to its "character"!
Swallows are different. The poet wrote that it can work in the rain. "Swallow holds mud" means "Swallow holds mud". Pu Qilong said that "wet, not mud" is also very insightful. It says here that the swallow is wet. If it is only understood as a swallow nesting with wet mud in its mouth, it will be mediocre. Or ask: When it rains in Mao Mao, it is common for swallows to hold mud. Are there swallows flying in the rumbling thunderstorm? Yes, the poets here are not necessarily writing, but giving imagination. Since you have written about the plight of water orioles, you must write about the magnificence of swallows with mud. Poets will inevitably rely on the legend of the Ten Commandments, "Xiang Zhou Ji": "There are Ten Commandments in Lingling Mountain, and they will fly in case of wind and rain." As a brave image, Lingling Yan was described by people in the Northern and Southern Dynasties as: "I won Lingling Yan and danced with the wind." (Zhang Shi's poem "Giving a new title to Meilin Xiaoyu to Teach") Du Fu skillfully describes the industrious mud swallow and the strong windward swallow, but it also fits the environment of this spring thunderstorm, which makes the magnificent artistic conception of this poem "that is, things" sublimate again.
The last sentence "in the shutter picture of Feiting Pavilion" is a summary of the scenery. At this time, the poet lived in Xige, Kuizhou, and actually wrote "The Shutting Door of Feiting". But every sentence is far away. When it comes to Hunan, "nothingness is only for Xiaoxiang". This may seem abrupt, but it is not surprising. This reminds us of Yin Keng's poem Du Cao Qing Lake, which reads: "Dongting Lake is full of spring and Pinghu is full of sails. The water source is peach blossom, Xiang Liu Du Ruoxiang. The cave is close to Maoshan, and the river is connected with Wuxia ... "Cao Qinghu is Dongting Lake, a poem describing Xiaoxiang, but it is connected with the upstream, and the sentence" The river is connected with Wuxia "appeared. Du Fu's poem, though clearly written about the situation in the gorge, was written downstream. Du Fu once said that he "learned Yin, so why bother?" Yin is a pit of Yin, so what is He Xun? Du Fu wrote this poem, which seems to be inspired by Yin Keng's Du Caoqing Lake. "nothingness", as Qiu said, "the appearance of nothing" The landscape pictures in the canyon are magnificent, with high mountains and dangerous waters and thundershowers, but there is still something missing, endless and endless. Xiaoxiang Dongting is a vast land. Du Fu wrote in the poem "The Yangtze River": "Color borrows Xiaoxiang to be broad". Some commentators interpret it as: "Xiaoxiang is the downstream of the river because of its breadth and color." For the water of the Yangtze River, it is wider; Although the Yangtze River is magnificent, the Dongting is vast. The poet's late spring scenery in this extreme gorge suddenly swings open, writing its shortcomings-"nothingness is only for Xiaoxiang", which really makes everyone write. Everyone who reads Du Fu's poems knows that Du Fu's poem "Going to Shu" says: "Five guests live in Shu County and in Zizhou for one year. How to get rid of traffic jams and turn to Xiaoxiang Tour? " Going to Xiaoxiang in the east is his early plan. He ran aground in the gorge when he wrote the poem "That's it". This sentence "Nothing is only for Xiaoxiang" is the natural expression of his thoughts. As he wrote in the poem "Late Spring", "I am sick in the gorge, and the Xiaoxiang Cave is empty", this kind of soul-stirring is even more harmonious.