The remains of the ancient road are still discernible. According to the local elderly, before 1970, this ancient road was 4 meters at its widest point and only 2.5 meters at its narrowest point, but both carriages and donkeys could pass. In particular, the Qinling Gorge, although the mountains are vertical and horizontal, the valley bottom is deep, the cliffs are towering and the shoals are densely covered, it was still one of the important passages for local traffic at that time. Wuguan is the southern gate of Qin Dynasty, and it is also called "Guanzhong Four Blocks" with Donghan Valley Pass, West Three Pass and North Small Pass. Before the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Shaoxiguan, and it was even more famous during the Warring States Period. Historically known as the "Sanqin Fortress". This important pass on the ancient road is bordered by Shaoxi Mountain Rock in the north and faces the unique stream of Wuguan Valley in the east, south and west. Surrounded by mountains and water, dangers abound. It is "the throat of Qin and Chu" and "the key to lock the three Qin dynasties", which has always been a battleground for military strategists.
"The mountains are separated by Qin Chu, and the sound of water flows in Han and Tang Dynasties." According to historical records, Wuguan was a "learned country" in ancient times and the birthplace of Xi's ancestral home. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wuguan has heavily controlled southeast, western Henan and northwest Hubei. The frequent military affairs in past dynasties and the chaos of war have become the bastions of past dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin Chu fought many tug-of-war battles for business in this territory, most of which ended in the defeat of Qin Shengchu. In 3 13 BC, King Huiwen of Qin wanted to attack Qi, but worried about the alliance between Qi and Chu, he sent Zhang Yi to Chu to lobby. Zhang Yili lured him, saying, "Chu is absolutely Qi, and Qin is willing to spend 600 Li on commercial land." Chu Huaiwang believed it, refused to listen to Qu Yuan's advice, broke off relations with Qi, and sent a special envoy to Qin to accept the land. But Zhang Yi said to the ambassador of Chu, "I made an appointment with the king for 60 miles, but I haven't heard of it for 600 miles." The king of Chu was furious and attacked the state of Qin. As a result, Qin defeated Chu in Danyang (now north of Danshui in western Henan). Since then, Chu has been devastated and the national luck has declined. Later, in the name of negotiating with Chu Huaiwang, Qin Zhao induced Chu Huaiwang to come to Wuguan to see the king of Qin, and took the opportunity to detain him, take him to Xianyang and imprison him to death. Soon, Chu was naturally destroyed by Qin. Later generations have many regrets about Chu Huaiwang's tragic situation of not listening to advice, trusting others and dying in a foreign land.
The Shangyang Ancient Road runs from Chang 'an to the southeast, through Lantian, over Qinling, leading to Shangzhou, and then through Wuguan to the southeast, entering Nanyang, Henan and Xiangyang, Hubei. At first, it was a channel opened by Qin for the war, which made great contributions to the great cause of Qin's reunification of the whole country. But history is also very strange. In 202 BC, it was through this commercial road that Liu Bang's 100,000-strong army marched into Xianyang, which finally led to the demise of the Qin Empire.
The ancient road of Shangyang is not only a military road, a commercial road, but also a poetic road, which plays an inestimable role in the cultural exchange between the north and the south in ancient China. On this ancient road, for thousands of years, I don't know how many people have expressed infinite feelings that "Wan Li's heart is sad and happy, and the road has been more ups and downs since then". These literati, dignitaries, and diligent people either rushed to Beijing to take exams, or moved to other places, or went to Beijing to pay their respects, or relegated to Jiangnan. "All contacts are from the county." According to some scholars' statistics, in the Tang Dynasty alone, more than 200 poets traveled to and from the ancient road, and some even traveled many times. Bai Juyi's "three shots in seven years", Yuan Zhen's "seven degrees of martial arts" and Zhang Jiuling's "four crossings of Shangzhou". Li Bai spent seven or eight months in Yuan Pan, Shangzhou. When Jia Dao, a poet, resigned from Lantian county magistrate and became a monk, he used the name of "no teacher" to build a temple in an yun town. Although Wang Wei, a recluse poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was semi-recluse, he was still fascinated by Shangzhou landscape. He once wrote many poems praising the landscape of Shangzhou in the form of giving a friend a job in Shangzhou. The famous sentence "Where is home and where is snow in Qinling?" It was written by Han Yu, and this sentence was also written on the ancient road. Tang Xianzong believed in Buddhism and sent people to welcome a phalanx of Sakyamuni to the palace to offer sacrifices. Because of the long journey, people complained bitterly. Seeing this, Han Yu wrote to dissuade him. Tang Xianzong was furious and executed Han Yu. Fortunately, the prime minister and other ministers interceded for him, and Han Yucai survived his death and was exiled to Chaozhou (now Guangdong Province). In the 14th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 8 19), in the first month, Han Yu went to Chaolu, and when he passed the Languan Ancient Road in Qinling, the mountain was closed by heavy snow, making it difficult to move forward. At the time of crisis, thanks to the help of relatives, Han Yu was deeply moved and recited the 1000 th ancient poem "Moving Left to Languan to Show Grandnephew". This group of poets walked and sang here, stepping on songs all the way, leaving more than a thousand classical poems for future generations.