"Official residence", the virtue of empresses, the beginning of "wind", so the wind is the world and the couple are also. Therefore, it is necessary to use the country. Wind, wind, teaching, turbulence, teaching change.
Poets, with aspirations, have aspirations in their hearts, take poetry as their words, express their feelings with words, and have shortcomings in words. Therefore, they lament their shortcomings, so they chant their songs. They don't know how to dance with their hands and feet.
Emotion comes from sound, and sound is written as sound, which governs the vocal music of the world and its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. Therefore, gain and loss, movement and the world, feeling and ghosts and gods are close to poetry. The former king learned from the husband and wife, became filial, virtuous, beautiful and civilized, and changed customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance, the sixth is fu, the upper is weathering, the lower is wind thorn, the main text is remonstrated, the speaker is innocent, and the listener is warned, so it is called wind. As for the decline of the monarch, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the foreign affairs of the country, the strange customs of the family, and the elegance of the wind. The history of the country clearly shows the traces of gains and losses, hurts people, laments the harshness of criminal politics, recites family ties, rides the wind, achieves things and cherishes old customs. Therefore, the wind becomes sentimental and stops at comity.
It is human nature to express feelings; Stop at courtesy and righteousness, and the first king's ze is also. It is based on the matter of a country and the foundation of one person, which is called the wind; It is an elegance to talk about everything and form a wind in all directions. Ya, yes, Wang said that it is also a waste. Politics is big and small, so there are few elegance. Praise, the description of beauty and virtue, is also told to the gods through its success. It means four beginnings, and poetry is the most important.
However, the change of Guanju and Linzhi was the wind of kings, so it was the Duke of Zhou. South, the word turns from north to south. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" is also the wind of princes. The late king taught it because it was Zhao Gong. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the starting point and the foundation of Wang Hua. Therefore, "Guan Yu" is Mrs. Le, who should be a gentleman, worry about the virtuous, and not commit adultery; Sad and graceful, thinking only without hurting kindness. It also means Guan Ju.
Guanju is a poem about the virtue of empresses, and it is the beginning of the 15-nation style in The Book of Songs, which is used to educate the world and correct the way of husband and wife. So it can be used to educate rural people, and it can also be used to educate princes and countries. Wind is moral and enlightenment; Use fables to move and educate people.
Poetry is the place where people express their feelings, the ambition in their hearts and the poetry expressed by language. The emotions that are touched in the heart will inevitably be expressed in language. If words are insufficient to express them, they will sigh. If sighing is not enough to express them, they will sing Long song. If Long song is not enough to express himself, they will dance uncontrollably.
Emotion should be expressed by sound, and sound becomes the tone of palace, business, horn, sign and feather. This is music. Millennium music is peaceful and joyful, and politics at that time was peaceful and smooth; The music in troubled times was resentful and angry, and the politics at that time was surly and cruel; The music at the time of national subjugation was sad and thoughtful, and its people were trapped and poor. Therefore, nothing is closer to achieving this goal than poetry, to correct political gains and losses and to touch the gods of heaven and earth. Ancient kings used poems to correct the relationship between husband and wife, cultivate filial piety, be honest and virtuous in interpersonal relationships, cultivate an atmosphere of pure education and change bad customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is called wind, the other is called fu, the third is called bi, the fourth is called xing, the fifth is called elegance, and the sixth is called ode. The upper class (ruler) educates the lower class (common people) with "wind", while the lower class (common people) satirizes the upper class (ruler) with "wind" and uses argot as euphemism persuasion. (in this way) the speaker will not offend, and the listener will be alert. This is called "wind". As for the decline of the king, the etiquette is lax.
National historians understand the facts of political gains and losses, grieve for the relaxation of human relations and lament for the harshness of criminal law politics, so they choose to recite their own emotional poems to satirize the monarch. This is because the world has changed, but I miss the old customs. Therefore, "changing the wind" is a heartfelt feeling, but it does not go beyond etiquette. Feelings from the heart are human nature; It is the grace of my late king to be enlightened not to go beyond propriety and righteousness. Therefore, if poetry praises a country and only expresses the poet's inner feelings, it is called "wind"; If poetry is a world-famous thing, if it shows the customs in all directions, it is called "elegance".
"Elegance" is a positive meaning, which refers to the reasons for the decline and prosperity of the royal government. Politics is different, so some are called "less" and some are called "elegance". Ode is to praise Wang Shengde and tell his ancestors about his successful career. (Wind, Xiaoya, Elegance, Ode) This is the "four beginnings" and the highest in the poem.
However, the enlightenment of Guan Ju and Linzhi was originally the "wind" of the times (but the "wind" only talked about one country, and the queen Wen came to be the emperor to govern the four corners of the world), so it can only be recorded in the name of the Duke of Zhou. "South" refers to the education of the son of heaven from north to south. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" was originally the "wind" of vassal States, which was used by the former kings to educate them. (the queen Wen is the son of heaven and should be in charge of all directions), so write it down under her name. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the standards to regulate the initial time, and they are the foundation of kingly education.
Extended data:
On the characteristics of Preface to Shi Mao;
1, "Preface to Mao Poetry" thinks that the essence of poetry lies in the unity of emotion and meaning, and acknowledges the important role of poetry in lyricism, but thinks that poetry creation should follow the principle of "lyricism ends with propriety and righteousness" and cannot go beyond the boundaries of propriety and righteousness. "So become common and sentimental, stop at etiquette. It is human nature to express feelings; It ends with courtesy and righteousness, and the first king's ze is also. " ?
2. "Irony" theory. The Preface to the Poems of Mao Zedong puts forward an irony saying: "The upper part is weathered and the lower part is stung by wind". "The speaker is not guilty, and the listener is enough to quit." This fully affirmed the significance and role of literary realistic criticism. Ordinary people can criticize the upper rulers in the form of literature and art, "the speaker is innocent, and what he hears is enough to quit", which contains certain democratic factors.
It provides a "preliminary theoretical basis" for later progressive writers to interfere with reality and criticize social dark politics with literary creation, and makes a clear discussion on the relationship between literature and reality. Emotion depends on ceremony, that is, poetry creation should start from emotional expression, but it cannot go beyond the norms of ceremony. However, it is also advocated that it should not be exposed too violently, that it should be "remonstrated by the main text", that it should be gentle and euphemistic, and that it should be taught by Confucian poetry, gentle and sincere. ?
3, change the wind and become elegant "change the wind and become elegant" was first seen in "Preface to Mao Shi". "As for the decline of kings, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the diplomatic strategy, the family style is different, and the wind is elegant." In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty declined, political darkness, lax government and social unrest. There are a lot of bitter poems in The Book of Songs that reflect chaos and criticize current politics, which are mainly preserved in "two elegance" and national style.
The poem Erya reflects the reality of heavy taxes, numerous social ills and poor people in Li Wang and Wang You. In the national style, bitter satire contains strong resentment and injustice, satirizes those who get something for nothing and are insatiable, or exposes the shamelessness and ugliness of the rulers. These works, which are called "changing the wind into elegance" by later generations, are the products of political decay and social darkness.
Due to the different background of the creator, the feelings expressed in Erya are different from those expressed in the resentful poems in the national style. The creator of "Changing Elegance" is a nobleman in Zhou Shi, and his works such as "Elegance and Civil Service" contain advice to the rulers when reflecting the real politics, and the resentment is not strong, which meets the requirement of "lyricism stops at propriety". However, the creators of "Bian Feng" works are mostly the lower classes who suffer from tyranny. They made a bitter irony in Feng Wei's Storytelling, and even in Yi Feng's photo book, the author gave a hateful curse of "Why not die?" "What is eternal life?" "Hu is not dead?" None of these can be said to be "love stops at ceremony." ?
The significance of Preface to Shi Mao lies not only in its comprehensive and systematic exposition of literature and art, but also in its influence on later literary critics. There are many Confucian literary critics who construct their own poetic framework according to the enlightenment of Preface to Mao Shi, such as Bai Juyi's theory of attaching importance to the social function of poetry and criticizing real politics with poetry. ?
Baidu encyclopedia-preface to Mao's poems