Huang Sheng borrowed books and commented on them

Original text

Huang Shengyunxiu borrowed books. The owner of the garden handed over the book and told him: "You can't read the book unless you borrow it. Don't you know that there is a collection of books? Seven strategies and four treasuries are the emperor's books, but how many readers do the emperor have?" A book written by a wealthy family, but how many of them are read by their grandfathers and abandoned by their descendants? I took it, but I was worried about it, and said: "It will be there today, but it will go tomorrow, and I won't be able to see it." If the property belongs to me, it will be bundled high and hidden, and he said, "I will wait for the day to come." 'Yun Er. "

Yu was good at reading, but his family was poor. There is a Zhang family with a rich collection of books. Borrowing things but not giving them back, returning to form all kinds of dreams. That's exactly what it is. Therefore, I will take notes after reading. After the book was passed, the salary went away and the books came, which were full of flowers, plain gray silk, and sometimes covered with scrolls. Then he sighed that the borrower was dedicated and dedicated, and it was a pity that he had spent so little time.

Today Huang is poor and like me, so he borrows books like me. However, Yu's official letter is not similar to Zhang's stingy letter. But Yu Gu was unfortunate enough to meet Zhang Hu? Are you lucky enough to meet me? If one knows good fortune and misfortune, one must study carefully and return to the book quickly.

As a statement, it is consistent with the book.

Text Translation

There was a scholar named Huang Yunxiu who borrowed books. The owner of the garden lent the book to (him) and advised him: "If the book is not borrowed, it will not be read well. Have you never heard of a book collector? Seven strategies and four libraries." The books of the emperor, but how many emperors are there who study? The books of the rich and noble people are moved and filled with books in the house, but how many rich and noble people are accumulated by other ancestors and fathers? Children and grandchildren who throw away (books) don’t need to talk about it. This is not only the case with books, but also with everything in the world. If it is not the person’s own thing, but he borrows it reluctantly, he must be worried about others forcing him to take it back. He kept stroking and playing with the thing and said: "It is in my hands today, but it will leave me tomorrow. I can't see this thing again." If it is already in my possession, it will be tied up and placed high. I hid it on the shelf and said, "Let's wait until another day to read it." That's all.

"I loved reading when I was a child, but my family was poor and it was difficult to get books to read. There was a family named Zhang who had a large collection of books. I went to his house to borrow it, but (he) wouldn't lend it to me. After I came back, I borrowed books from him in my dream. The urgent need for books has reached this level. Therefore, as long as you read the book, you should understand it carefully and keep it firmly in your heart. After becoming an official, the official salary was spent, books were bought, and they were piled up everywhere. White moths and gray silk often cover books. After that, I felt how attentive the person who borrowed the book was, and how worth cherishing his youthful years. ”

Today’s young man named Huang is as poor as I was before, and he borrows books just like I did before; it’s just that I make my books public and lend them out generously, which seems to be different from Zhang’s stinginess with his own books. In this case, am I really unlucky and met Zhang, or is Huang Sheng really lucky and met me? If he knows how to be lucky (for borrowing books) and unlucky (for not being able to borrow books), then he must be very good at reading. Concentrate, and he will return the book quickly.

I wrote this article about borrowing the book and gave it to Huang Sheng.

1. Phonetic notation.

·Mo mó 娑suō 俟sì 辄zhé 俸fèng 庋guǐ蟫yín Province (xing)

2. Supplementary words and sentences

The book cannot be read without borrowing it : If the books are not borrowed, they will not be read well.

The cows are sweating when they are carried, and the house is filled with books.

Grandfather: Grandfather and father.

It is not the person’s own thing but it is borrowed from others. Madam, the person who borrowed the book from others. . Husband, Yin fú. Forced to borrow.

He played with it uneasily. . Mowan, mocha (suō) to play with, caress.

Must be tied up and hung in a high place, and the adjective "high" is used as the adverb of "bunch". , "at a high place". 庋, pronounced as guǐ, means to place; to collect.

Gu Qi, we will look at it in the future. Waiting, waiting. The future, the future, the future

So I will take note of what I have read: (Because I am eager to read, but I can’t get the book) So I will write down what I have read. In my heart. If I see something, I will remember it in my heart.

The salary is spent. The books were bought and piled up everywhere. They looked like they were piled up. Salary refers to official salary.

Plain gray silk, Shimeng scroll: white. Silverfish and gray spider silk are often covered in books. Suyu refers to the white silverfish in the book. Gray silk refers to the gray spider silk.

Today Huang is poor: Now Huang is as poor as me (before). Similar, similar, like.

If there is no similarity between Yu's official letters and Zhang's stingy writings: it's just that I take out my books and use them with others, which is the same as Zhang's being stingy about his own books (not lending them to others). Others) seem to be different. But, just. Public, verb, used with others. Stingy with books, reluctant to lend (lend) books to others.

But Yu Gu was unlucky to meet Zhang Hu: In this case, then I was really unlucky to meet Zhang (such a miser). However, in this case, then... Solid, original, true, real.

This is true not only for books, but also for everything in the world: I don’t know that it is just like this for books, but also for everything in the world.

3. Pronunciation

①false jiǎ is not a wife’s thing but is forced to be false jià holiday

②province xǐng, so if you have a look, you can always remember shěng, save

③juǎn turn the scroll juàn plain gray silk Shimeng scroll

4. Distinguish the meaning

·I don’t know who collects books, you care about me

·Those who are abandoned by descendants do not care whether they are sons or descendants

·How many readers are there for the Son of Heaven?

·This is why it is not a single book

·It is a natural thing if it is not a single book

·But Yu Gu was unfortunate enough to meet Zhang Hu, so

·It’s not a wife’s thing, but it’s a strong fake, how can I emphasize the tone?

·But I’m anxious and worried. Play endlessly...

·No matter how the descendants abandon them, it doesn’t matter how they express their exclamation tone

·It must be Gao Shuyan to refer to the book of writing, which can also be understood as an exclamation tone to give the book. It is said that it refers to Huang Sheng

·I can't see it, but it refers to Weiyu's official letter and Zhang's stingy book when the book was young. If it is not similar, it is used between the subject and predicate structure. Cancellation of independence

[Edit this paragraph] Text Analysis

The author believes that it was very unfortunate that he could not borrow books when he was a child and "formed dreams", and Huang Shengneng and the author were "complaint" "Books" are very lucky, so the author wants Huang Sheng to "understand luck and misfortune", cherish his youth and concentrate on reading. Our current study conditions are many times luckier than those of Huang Sheng. We should "know the blessings and misfortunes", cherish the excellent study conditions and our youth, study hard, and make ourselves useful talents in socialist construction. . If you fail to learn, it is not the fault of others. You should reflect more and be vigilant. This "talk" discusses the young man Huang Yunxiu's borrowing of books from the author, puts forward the view that "books cannot be read without borrowing them", and encourages young people to turn disadvantages into advantages, strive to create learning conditions for themselves, and study hard.

The text revolves around the center, with narratives and discussions, and the principles are clearly explained in a hierarchical manner. At the beginning of the article, the point of view that "books cannot be read unless borrowed" is unexpected and thought-provoking, and then it is elaborated layer by layer around this center. First, we will use three common facts: emperors and wealthy families all have rich collections of books, but there are few scholars; and the grandfathers collect books carefully but the children and grandchildren destroy them at will. The different attitudes adopted towards things and things that belong to oneself illustrate that this conclusion has universal significance. The author deduced the reason from that common phenomenon - "forcing others to take". This external pressure will turn into a motivation to spur oneself, which effectively proves the view that "a book cannot be read unless it is borrowed". Then, the author uses his own personal experiences such as the difficulty of borrowing books when he was young, his dedication to reading, and his personal experience of having a large number of books but no longer reading after becoming an official to make further arguments from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, based on the above analysis and explanation, focusing on the matter of "borrowing books", I pointed out that Huang Sheng was lucky enough to meet someone who was willing to "official books", and encouraged him to cherish the opportunity and study diligently.

The text uses contrasting methods in many places to illustrate the truth from both positive and negative aspects. For example, compare "not my wife's thing" with "if the career is my own"; compare the diligent study of "I have been good at reading since I was young, but the family was poor" with the laziness of "after passing the education, my salary will be gone to study"; Compare "Yu's official letter" with "Zhang's stingy letter"; compare his own "misfortune" with Huang Sheng's "lucky", and so on. In this way, the point of view can be clearly stated, the reader's understanding can be deepened, and the persuasiveness of the article can be enhanced.

It should be noted that although the central argument of this article is "You cannot read books without borrowing them", it is obvious that this argument is very one-sided from a literal perspective. "Shuo" itself is different from standard and orthodox essays. The author of this article, Yuan Mei, is also a talented, willful and appropriate person. Therefore, it is more appropriate for us to regard this article as a short article with a playful nature that the author wrote out of his feelings. It contains nostalgia for the lost youth and self-deprecation about himself today. , and the main purpose was to encourage and educate Huang Sheng, but he did not keep a straight face.

Center: The author commented on Huang Sheng's borrowing of books, put forward the view that "books cannot be read unless they are borrowed", and encouraged young people to work hard to create conditions for themselves and study hard.

[Edit this paragraph] A brief introduction to Yuan Mei's life

Yuan Mei (1716-1798) was a poet, litterateur and poetry critic in the Qing Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zicai and his nickname was Jianzhai. In his later years, he was named Cangshan Jushi and the owner of Suiyuan. He was a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Yuan Mei was one of the representative poets during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods. Together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, he was known as the "Three Great Masters of Qianlong". In the fourth year of Qianlong's reign (1739), he was awarded the title of Jinshi (Jinshi) and was awarded the title of "Shujishi" by the Hanlin Academy. In the seventh year of Qianlong's reign, he was transferred to serve as an official. He served as county magistrate of Jiangning, Shangyuan and other places. He had a good political reputation and was highly appreciated by the then governor Yin Jishan. When his father died at the age of thirty-three, he resigned and adopted his mother. He purchased the Sui family's abandoned garden in Jiangning (Nanjing), renamed it "Suiyuan", built a house and settled there, and was known as Mr. Suiyuan in the world. Since then, he has lived a leisurely life here for nearly 50 years, engaged in writing poems, compiling poems and talking about discovering talents, and rewarding the underachievers, which was the order of the poetry world at that time. Yuan Mei participated in the imperial examination at the age of 24. The test question was "Fu De Yin Feng Xiang Yu Ke". There is a wonderful line in the poem "When doubts come to the forbidden courtyard, people seem to be separated by the Tianhe River". However, the CEOs thought that "the words are not solemn." "Sun Shan will be placed there." Fortunately, the governor at the time, Yin Jishan, stepped forward and was saved from failure.

His works include "Collected Works of Xiaocang Shanfang"; "Suiyuan Poetry Talk" in 16 volumes and "Supplement" in 10 volumes; "New Qixie" in 24 volumes and "Extended New Qixie" in 10 volumes; Suiyuan 1 volume of food lists; more than 30 types including prose, rulers and Suiyuan Food Lists. The representative prose work "Essay on Sacrifice to Sisters" is sad and sincere and has been circulated for a long time. Classical prose commentators mention it together with "Essay on Sacrifice to Twelve Langs" written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty.

Advocate the "spiritual theory". He advocated that one should express one's own personality when writing poems, and believed that "from the 300th poem to the present day, all those who have passed down poems are spiritual and have nothing to do with stacking." It advocates expressing one's feelings directly and writing about personal "temperament and experiences". He advocates the combination of "spirit" and "knowledge", takes temperament, talent and academic qualifications as the basis of creation, and pursues "truth, newness and life" in creation. Only in this way can innate conditions and acquired efforts be combined to create excellent works. He believes that "The writing style used in poetry is like a beautiful woman's hair, skin, and smile, which is innate; the writing style used in poetry is like a beautiful woman's clothes and jewelry, which is acquired." He advocated that literature should evolve and should have the characteristics of the times, and opposed the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. He ridiculed the Shen Yun School as "poor and proud", the Style School as "puppet acting", the Texture School as "opening an antique shop", and the Zong Song School as "beggars moving around". He also opposed Shen Deqian's theory of "gentleness, honesty, and honesty" and believed that "those who believe Confucius's poetry is 'interested in the public's complaints'; those who are not trustworthy are 'gentle, honest and honest'". He advocates equal emphasis on parallel prose and prose, and believes that parallel prose and prose, just like the odd and even in nature, cannot be neglected. The poems are fresh, timeless and flow freely. The landscape poems are elegant and exquisite.

Yuan Mei's literary thoughts have a developmental perspective, which has an impact on the feudal orthodox literary views and formalist trends of thought. In addition, he emphasized the existence value of parallel prose as an aesthetic literature, which has certain positive significance. However, his poems mostly describe the trivial matters around him, and are full of romantic chants. They lack social content. Some of his poems tend to be gaudy, superficial and even frivolous.

Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House has published eight volumes of "The Complete Works of Yuan Mei".

An advocate of the Xingling Poetry School in the Qing Dynasty, he was a carefree and free-spirited person who did not like being an official. He resigned in his prime and lived in seclusion in his garden, enjoying his leisurely travels and no longer serving as an official. He devoted his life to literature, and his poems were full of genius, especially in parallel prose. The author of "Suiyuan Food List" has quite original comments on tea. He is a tea tasting expert who knows tea and loves tea.

Yuan Mei, also known as Zicai and Jianzhai, was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province in the 55th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1716). Yuan Meiying was an early talent. He entered the county school at the age of twelve, became a Jinshi at the age of twenty-four, and was appointed as a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. After seeing the policy papers he wrote, Yuan Mei, a bachelor, praised him as the reincarnation of Jia Yi. Yuan Mei had known Lishui, Jiangpu, Shuyang, Jiangning and other counties for a long time. Because he was virtuous and loved the people, he had excellent political achievements and was deeply loved by the people. However, he was aloof by nature. Although he lived in a temple, his heart was in the mountains and forests. In addition, he believed that being an official was to enhance the happiness of the people and was not just a high-ranking footman for his superiors, so he resigned at the age of thirty-three. His good friend Qian Baoyi wrote a poem to praise him: "Crossing the river is worthy of being a true celebrity. He who retired from the hospital is like an old monk. After ten years of being a minister, he wears a turban and wild clothes." He also wrote a couplet: "If you don't become a high official, you will be like a monk." It’s not a blessing but laziness; it’s hard to become an immortal or a Buddha. He loves to read poetry and books and loves flowers.” (Self-mockery) The couplet shows that he “loves books as much as his life” and has no intention of pursuing career in officialdom. In the poem "Ode to Chopsticks": "The laughing king seizes the busyness and feeds it into other people's mouths. How can one know the taste after a lifetime of sourness and saltiness?" He made a profound understanding of the ridiculousness of the world's pursuit of fame and fortune, and the loss of self. Satire.

Rebuilding the old system of Suiyuan and committing to literary works

Yuan Mei was a person who valued the interest in life. He loved the graceful beauty of Jinling. When he was the magistrate of Jiangning County, he built a beautiful garden at the foot of Xiaocang Mountain in Jiangning. Suiyuan was purchased for three hundred gold. Suiyuan used to be the Weaving Garden (i.e. the Grand View Garden in Cao Xueqin's works). At that time, "the garden was leaning and decadent... all the flowers were withered, and the spring breeze could not bloom them." It had been abandoned for a long time. After Yuan Mei purchased it, he renovated it because it was "along with its surroundings". It is called "Suiyuan" because it is rich and barren. He described the scenery of Suiyuan in "Miscellaneous Poems": "It is not too small to build a house, and it is not too many ponds to open; a small house does not cover the mountain, and there are many ponds to bear.

The swimming fish is one foot long and jumps in the clear waves during the day. Knowing that I love lotus flowers, I dare not set up a net to catch them. "Such a poetic and picturesque scene makes people yearn for it. It's no wonder that Yuan Mei is so contented and relaxed that she no longer wants to be an official. There are no walls on all sides of the garden. On sunny days, there are many tourists. Yuan Mei also allows them to come and go without any control. He even wrote on the door couplet: "Let the cranes go to find the mountain birds, and let people come to see the flowers of the four seasons."

Yuan Mei took literature as his lifelong career. He was a litterateur in the Qing Dynasty and an advocate of the Xingling School creative theory. Xingling is temperament. He believed that "poets are human temperaments, and there is no poetry other than temperament." He also said: "The poets of all poems are spirits and have nothing to do with stacking." He believed that poetry is the voice of the heart and the truth of temperament. reveal. The article is best known for its parallel prose style, which has the physique of the Six Dynasties, and has enjoyed the reputation of the article for decades. He is as honest as a writer, honest and frank, hates pretentiousness, but attaches great importance to friendship. After the death of his friend Shen Fengsi, because there were no heirs, Yuan Mei paid homage to his grave every year for thirty years without interruption. His deep affection for his friend is very touching. move.

Yuan Mei devoted himself to writing and wrote quite a lot, including "Xiaocang Shanfang Poetry Collection", "Suiyuan Poetry Talk", "Suiyuan Essays", "Suiyuan Food List"... Among them, "Suiyuan Food List" is a work that systematically discusses cooking techniques and dishes from the north and the south. The book is divided into ten parts: instruction list, diet list, seafood list, miscellaneous vegetarian menu, snack list, rice and porridge list...tea and wine list, etc. Four aspects. In the instruction sheet, he clearly stated: "The way of learning is to predict before proceeding, and the same is true for diet. Make an instruction sheet." This article can be used as a general guideline for diet, and the precepts say: "It is better for a politician to eliminate one disadvantage than to create an advantage. If you can get rid of the evils of diet, you have to think about it halfway and make a precept." This article is exactly the same as the instruction sheet.

It is worth mentioning the "Tea and Wine List", which reviews famous teas from the north and the south. In addition, it also records many tea-based foods, which are quite unique. Among them is "noodle tea", which is made by boiling noodles with coarse tea juice and adding condiments such as sesame paste and milk. The noodles exude a light tea aroma and are delicious; while "tea legs" are smoked with tea leaves. The ham is red in color, delicious in texture and fragrant with tea. It can be seen from this that Yuan Mei is a person who has considerable research on tea and diet.

Traveling to famous mountains and scenic spots to taste good springs and good water

After the age of sixty-five, Yuan Mei began to travel around famous mountains and rivers, including Tiantai, Yandang, Siming, Zhejiang, Xuedou and other mountains, Anhui traveled to Huangshan, Jiangxi Lushan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian and other places. As a tea lover, he naturally tasted famous teas from various places and recorded them one by one. He described Changzhou Yangxian Tea: "The tea is dark blue in color, shaped like a bird's tongue, and like giant rice, and the taste is slightly stronger than Longjing." When it comes to Dongting Junshan tea, he said: "The color and taste are the same as Longjing tea. The leaves are slightly wider and greener, so they are picked the least." In addition, Liu'an Yinzhen, Mei Pian, Maojian, Anhua tea, etc. are also available. Comment.

In addition, he also wrote many tea poems, such as the poem "Testing Tea": "Fujian people grow tea like farming, and their carts can carry thousands of them. I came to enter the world of tea, and my thoughts are quite close to my heart. "Quiran..." describes the common situation of tea cultivation in Fujian, and being in it feels like entering the world of tea. "Poetry on Miscellaneous Things on the Lake": "The hazy stone house has two flat chapters, crossing the water and wearing flowers to take advantage of the setting sun; thousands of green clouds are a bit springier, and the sarong skirt is red and the tea picker girl." It describes the tea picker girl in a red sarong skirt in "Ten Thousand Pieces of Clouds" Picking tea in the sea of ????tea in "Green Cloud" is particularly eye-catching. Also in "Written on Yuliang Road": "The mountains in the distance are towering and green, and the mountains near are low, and the streams in front and behind are connected with each other. Every time I come here, I stand idle for a long time, and the tea pickers disperse in the sunset." It can be seen that when he traveled, in addition to admiring the mountains and valleys, While enjoying the beautiful scenery of mountains and streams, he also paid attention to the local "tea culture", which shows how much he loves tea.

Tasting tea, commenting on tea and hiding tea, unique and wonderful methods

When Yuan Mei was 70 years old, he visited Wuyi Mountain and developed a special interest in Wuyi tea. His previous impression of Wuyi tea was that "the tea tastes strong and bitter, like drinking medicine", so he never liked Wuyi tea. However, in the 51st year of Qianlong's reign (1786 AD), he traveled to Wuyi Mountain and came to Manting Peak. After visiting temples and other places, his impression of Wuyi tea completely changed. He is in "Suiyuan Food List." "Tea and Wine List" records the situation at that time: "The monks and Taoists were vying to offer tea. The cups were as small as walnuts and the pots were as small as citrons. Each pour was only one or two. I couldn't bear to swallow it. I smelled the fragrance first and then tasted it. , chew it slowly and considerately, it is really refreshing and fragrant, and there is a lingering sweetness on the tongue. After one cup, I try another one or two cups, which relieves the irritation and calms down the mood. I feel that although Longjing is clear, the taste is thin; Yangxian is good. , but the rhyme is inferior. Because of the different qualities of jade and crystal, Wuyi is famous all over the world, and it can be used up to three times, but the taste is still not exhausted." , tea sets to the steps of drinking tea, the feeling and the characteristics of Wuyi tea are all described in detail and vividly. A cup of good tea can indeed wash away worries and soothe irritability.

Yuan Mei believes that in addition to good tea, it must be stored properly to preserve it for a long time. In order to make a good pot of tea, in addition to having good spring water, the control of the heat is also very important. knowledge. He also has a wonderful description of this: "If you want to cure tea, you must first hide the water. The water needs to be a cool and beneficial spring. How can you build a post in your home? However, spring water and snow water can hide it, and the water is new. It tastes spicy, but Chen Ze tastes sweet. I have tried all the teas in the world, and the white tea grown on the top of Wuyi Mountain is the best. But the tribute is not enough, what about the people?" He thought he was going to make good tea. You need good water first, and here he once again praised the tea produced in Wuyi Mountain as the best in the world.

Then he went on to mention the method of collecting tea: "Secondly, there is no better way to collect tea than Longjing. The Qingming former is called Lotus Heart. It tastes too bland, so it is better to use it multiple times. Make a flag and a gun before the rain, and it will be as green as jasper. . The method of collection must be to wrap up in small paper bags, put four liang in each bag into a lime jar, replace it with old ash after ten days, and cover it with a paper cover, otherwise the smell and color will be completely changed. "It can be said that it is quite well studied. Going deeper, as for the cooking method, he also has a unique and wonderful method: "When cooking, use strong fire, use a pierced pot to boil it once, and boil it for a long time, the water taste will change! Stop boiling and soak again, and the leaves will float. Once you boil it, you can drink it. If you cover it up, the taste will change again. There is no time to spread the news. Shanxi Pei Zhongcheng said to people: "I just had a cup of good tea after I passed by Suiyuan yesterday. Wow!"

Yuan Meibu I am willing to strive for fame and fortune in the officialdom, so that I can live in my own way, unfettered and free, so I can live to the age of eighty-two.

Central idea and appreciation

You cannot read a book without borrowing it.

Pros and cons contrastive arguments and examples

First, consider the three cases: emperors and wealthy families all have rich collections of books, but there are few scholars, and the grandfathers collect books diligently but the children and grandchildren destroy them at will. common facts as a preliminary proof; and then analogical reasoning is used to illustrate the universal significance of this conclusion by using people's different attitudes towards borrowed things and things that belong to themselves. The author deduced the reason from that common phenomenon - "forcing others to take". This external pressure will turn into a motivation to spur oneself, which effectively proves the view that "a book cannot be read unless it is borrowed". Then, the author uses his own personal experiences such as the difficulty of borrowing books when he was young, his dedication to reading, and his personal experience of having a large number of books but no longer reading after becoming an official to make further arguments from both positive and negative aspects. Finally, based on the above analysis and explanation, focusing on the matter of "borrowing books", I pointed out that Huang Sheng was lucky enough to meet someone who was willing to "official books", and encouraged him to cherish the opportunity and study diligently.