Qin Huang pressed the sword, and he was angry and shocked.
Patrol the sea right every day, driving away stones and driving away cangjin.
I take nine empty buildings and hurt ten thousand people as a bridge.
But if you ask Pengdao for medicine, you don't think about farming in spring.
Hard work is not enough, and the Millennium is sad.
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"Antique Qin Huang Pressing Sword" is the forty-eighth of fifty-nine antique poems written by Li Bai, a great poet in Tang Dynasty. The poem consists of ten sentences, satirizing the story of Qin Shihuang's militaristic tactics, frequent servitude, indifference to farming, delusion of immortality and eventual death, in order to warn Tang Xuanzong of his great worship of Taoism. This poem uses myths and legends, and the allusions are flexible, confusing and full of romance.
To annotate ...
(1) Anger: rage. Shenwei God: A "Shenwei God" is full of energy, showing Wei Yan. God of strength, god of fierce strength. This refers to Poseidon, the sea god.
(2) The phrase "driving stones" means to transport stones across the sea. Ou Yangxun's Selected Works of the Tang Dynasty and A Brief History of the Three Qi Dynasties: Qin Shihuang built a stone bridge and wanted to cross the sea to see the source of the sun, so there were immortals who could drive the stone into the sea. There are eleven mountains in Chengyang, and stones stand up, but marble can't walk fast. The gods whipped it and made it bleed. Drive, cover and make a "frame". The sea on the right refers to the East China Sea. Vigorous, ferry at sea.
(3) Nine realms: Kyushu, the meaning of the world.
(4) The sentence of "seeking only": According to Records of the Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, in the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang, Xu and others tricked Qin Shihuang into seeking medicine from Penglai Mountain. Pengdao and Penglai Mountain are the names of sacred mountains in ancient legends.
5] Nongchunchun: refers to the official name of the ancient Nongzhengchunhu Lake. According to legend, in ancient Shao Hao, Jiunong was cultivated by teaching people, which was called Jiuhu.
[6] insufficient: insufficient.
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Qin Shihuang pressed his sword, and at first he was furious and threatened Poseidon. He visited the seaside to see the origin of the sun. It is said that Poseidon opened a stone frame as a bridge for it. He recruited troops from Kyushu, and he suffered more than 10,000 casualties just building bridges. He wants Penglai Fairyland for medicine, but who cares about the farming and life of ordinary people? But in the end, I tried my best, but I still failed, with a tragic ending.
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Qin Shihuang's "vigorous" established an unprecedented unified feudal empire. Then, why did Qin die after only ten years of establishment? Many politicians in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty have studied and discussed this issue one after another. They may think that the Qin Dynasty only practiced tyranny without benevolence and righteousness. Or think that all people are poor to cater to their own desires; Even summed up the shortcomings of Qin into ten articles. Li Bai lived nearly a thousand years before the death of Qin, but the Tang Dynasty was in a stage of rapid change from prosperity to decline. As a poet who is quite sensitive to current politics, he revisited this historical event and expressed his worries about the current situation in twists and turns. There are two poems dedicated to Qin Shihuang in Antique, and the third poem (Antique Qin Huang Sweeping Liuhe) gives a comprehensive evaluation of Qin Shihuang's merits and demerits. This article is different from the third article, aiming at revealing the evil consequences of Qin Shihuang's quest for immortality, so as to attract the attention of the rulers.
"Qin Huang pressed the sword, and he was very angry and shocked." The poet presented the impressive, majestic and arrogant image of Qin Shihuang to the readers at the beginning. These two sentences come from Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu", "Qin Huang pressed the sword, the princes moved westward, the world was peaceful, and the same language was used to rule together." Originally, with the unprecedented unified political situation of the country, the good momentum of the rising period of feudal society, and the personal talent and majesty of Qin Shihuang, after the Qin Dynasty unified China, it was entirely possible to adopt a policy of rest and recuperation to promote social prosperity and social stability, so as to achieve the goal of long-term stability. However, Qin Shihuang's tyranny, building houses, expanding roads, repairing Li Mountain Mausoleum, seeking elixir of life, sighing and sighing, had no sympathy for the people, which laid a serious crisis for the newly established unified regime. Therefore, although the first two sentences describe Qin Shihuang as mighty and majestic, they relate to what he did after he ascended the throne, and to what happened later, that is, driving away stones day by day, levying soldiers to build bridges and asking for medicine to hurt farmers. In fact, they are full of comic satire and some regrets.
There are two things written in the poem, about Qin Shihuang's absurd behavior of seeking immortality. One is to build a bridge across the sea to see the origin of the sun and Poseidon, and the other is to seek the medicine of Penglai's immortality. "Patrol the right side of the sea day by day, drive the stone frame to Cangjin", which happened in "San Qi Jian Ji": "The first emperor built a stone bridge and wanted to cross the sea to see the origin of the sun. At that time, there were gods who could throw stones into the sea. Chengyang, the rock stands up and leans eastward, which seems to follow. " (Quoted from the Collection of Literature and Art, Volume 79) has a mythical color. Then, the poet pointed out that "it takes nine empty spaces to build a bridge and hurt ten thousand people." However, it was not the gods who built the bridge, but the soldiers in the sea. "Empty" creates nine empty spaces, indicating that there are many soldiers building bridges; Besides, tens of thousands of soldiers were killed or injured in order to build the bridge. According to "A Brief History of Sanqi", "At first, the emperor built a stone bridge in the sea, and Poseidon made it a pillar. At first, the emperor asked to meet, and God said,' I am ugly, and I don't want to be ugly, so I want to meet the emperor.' It takes forty miles to go to the sea to see Poseidon. Don't do anything, the workers will draw with their feet. God was angry and said, "The emperor broke his promise. "Go!" The first emperor turned his horse's head, his front foot was still standing, and his back foot collapsed, so he had to go ashore. The painter drowned in the sea and all the stones on the mountain fell down. "("Zhu "volume 14 cited, see also" Literature and Art Collection "volume 79) The stone bridge collapsed, which is the origin of the poem" Hurting ten thousand people ". All the books are lost. The poet's vivid use of the story of the first emperor's encounter with Poseidon not only makes people have rich associations, but also gives the romantic myth positive significance. It was the "soldiers" in the world who built the stone bridge for the first emperor, not the gods; Half of the stone bridge collapsed, and more than one painter drowned in the sea! Many "conscripts" also lost their lives. "Empty words" and "hurting ten thousand people" seem to be more painful than the third part of "Ancient Style": "700,000 criminals, start from the earth and climb mountains".
Records of the Historian: A Chronicle of Fengchan says that there are three islands in the Bohai Sea: Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, which are like floating clouds, with immortals and elixirs on them. The first emperor sent people to Mishima for medicine many times. "When a ship is in the sea, the wind is the solution." The first emperor could only dream of it. In 2 10 BC, the first emperor made a southern tour and returned by sea road. "Yu Ji met the wonderful medicine of Sansheng Mountain at sea." No, it's also the reason why the dunes collapsed. "So the poem says" it takes a lot of effort "and finally dies in the Tao. It is a great irony that the medicine of immortality is not available. It is worth noting that the poet inserted "Do you want to farm and swim in spring?" before "I am exhausted" Kun is the same as Hu. According to legend, the ancient emperor Shao Hao took nine peasants as officials, that is, nine. The poems satirizing the emperor's pursuit of immortality and perfection can be traced back to the Southern Dynasties. For example, Shen Yue's Taoist Temple in Shenyang pointed out that the reason why the Emperor of Qin devoted himself to the Three Mountains was that his entertainment was exhausted and his feelings were not full, which was caused by endless selfish desires. The profound point of Li Bai's poem is that the poet thinks that the first emperor wasted a lot of manpower and material resources for the sake of elixir, which directly affected farming and people's livelihood. Seeking immortality and medicine will cause harm to the people and farmers. "Millennium Sentimentality" always ends with the above two things, say it. In fact, hurting the past is sad for the present, and praising the past is mocking the present and quitting the present. There is no denying that Taoism has a deep influence on Li Bai. Chang 'an joined Taoist books soon after its return, which is on the one hand; On the other hand, with cold and keen insight, the poet saw the serious consequences that Taoism's pursuit of immortality and medicine brought to society. The tragedy of Qin Shihuang should arouse the introspection of the supreme ruler of the Tang Dynasty. He also has some interests in seeking immortality and medicine.
This "Antique" uses Qin Wei as a metaphor to satirize current politics. The first nine sentences describe Qin affairs, and their intention is only revealed after the sentence of "thousand years of sorrow" Subtle and tactful, very skillful. The third part of Antique is more based on historical records; This poem uses myths and legends, and the conquest ceremony is also flexible, confusing and romantic, but generally speaking, it is not far from the historical truth of Qin Shihuang. This kind of writing is easier for readers to associate and has more room for chewing.