Characteristics of Poetry in Song Dynasty

Ci is one of China's ancient poems. The first famous song, Song, and Song Ci. Abbreviated as "Ci", it is also called Yuefu, Modern Yuefu, Music Movement and Qin Qu, and also called poems, songs and long and short sentences. To sum up, these names mainly illustrate the close relationship between words and music and their different formal characteristics from traditional poetry. It began in Liang Dynasty, formed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, Ci can be divided into graceful school and wild school. Graceful words are elegant and euphemistic in style and full of music; Like Liu Yong's "Where do you wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon "; Yan Shu's "Helpless Flowers Fall, I have met Yan Gui"; Yan's famous sentence, "Liu Lou's heart dances low, and the peach blossom fan sings at the bottom", is worthy of being a lyrical masterpiece with a blend of scenes and scenes, and has artistic merits. Bold ci began with Su Shi. He liberated Ci from the world of entertaining guests and himself, and developed it into an independent lyric art. Landscape scenery, farm scenery, traveling in all directions, and the ambition to serve the country all became the themes of his Ci, which made Ci move from flowers to flowers to broad social life. Judging from the tastes of our readers today, the works of this kind of unconstrained style, The River Never Returning, are more acceptable.

Characters can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (less than 58 words), Middle Tone (59-90 words) and Long Tone (more than 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). Some people argue that it is a small order within 62 words, and the outside is called "slow word", but they have not reached a conclusion. A word, some with only one paragraph, is called monotony; Some are divided into two sections, called double tones; Some are divided into three or four sections, which are called three or four sections. The academic language of Duan Ci is "piece" or "dry" and "piece" means "all over", which means that the music has been played once. "Kan" originally meant "happy ending". Two paragraphs of a word are called upper and lower paragraphs or upper and lower paragraphs respectively. Although the words are fragmented, they still belong to a song. Therefore, the relationship between the upper film and the lower film must be divided and combined, broken and continued, inherited and started, and there are similarities and differences in sentence patterns. The author's ingenuity and skill are particularly evident in the film (or the change of head). We can see that many poets in Song Dynasty created artistic wonderland of opening and closing, wanting to return, and reflecting before and after, adding layers, depth and ripples to a word.

The flat rhyme of ci has the beauty of sound and emotion respectively. Generally speaking, the flat tone is long, and it is suitable for singing slowly to express endless affection and abundant charm. Also known as "side", it means uneven. In poetry, intonation includes three tones: up, down and in, all of which are very short. The upper voice is the upper voice, the falling tone is the falling tone, and the entering tone is particularly short. It rhymes with the short snoring on the side, and it is easy to contain strange and uneven feelings, which is exciting. In many lexical tones, even rhyme and flat tone are repeated, that is, long and short tone, flat tone and rising tone, falling tone or rising tone. Not only is the tone cadence, agitation and harmony, but the feelings it contains are also richer and more tortuous.

Words have epigrams. Generally speaking, epigraph has the following situations: following the titles of ancient Yuefu poems or music; Such as "Six States Song Tou"; Name the words in several people's poems, such as Xijiangyue; According to a historical figure or allusion, such as Nian Nu Jiao; And the famous homemade epigram. Ci developed and gradually separated from music, becoming an independent style.