Yuefu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had no epigraph and no fixed title.
The fixed template of Han Yuefu is the title of the song, and the folk songs are included in Yuefu. .
According to Records of Rites and Music in the History of Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wudi was in power, there was an organization that collected local ballads, arranged and made music scores, called Yuefu. Later, people called the poems collected and created by this institution Yuefu Poetry, or simply Yuefu Poetry. By the Tang Dynasty, although the scores of these poems had long been lost, this form followed, becoming a poetic genre with no strict meter and close to five or seven words.
Poets in Tang Dynasty wrote Yuefu poems, some followed the old Yuefu poems to express their feelings about current events, such as Song of the Sage and Guan Shanyue, and some wrote new poems reflecting real life in the name of current events, such as A Car Shop and Mourning for the Head of a General by Du Fu.
I think you mean Han Yuefu, right?
Erhan Yuefu:
Following the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, Yuefu poems in the two Han Dynasties became another magnificent scenery in the history of ancient China poetry. As a new poetic style, Yuefu poetry shows great vitality. Yuefu poetry in the two Han Dynasties has become a new model of ancient China poetry with its unique conception, superb narrative skills and flexible and diverse system. Yuefu poems in the two Han dynasties were collected, preserved and circulated by the royal Yuefu system or the music management organ equivalent to Yuefu function. It is the origin of Yuefu poetry, and the realistic spirit of "sadness and joy, everything happens for a reason" embodied in it is the source of Yuefu poetry inheriting the tradition of the Book of Songs and enlightening the Wei and Jin scholars, which occupies an important position in the history of Yuefu poetry. When describing Yuefu poems in the Western Han Dynasty, The History of Han Dynasty wrote: "Since Yuefu was established in filial piety, ballads have been adopted, so there are generations, Zhao, Qin and Chu styles. They all feel sad and happy, all because of things. " Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty are all based on this theme and have strong pertinence. It is the specific events in daily life that inspire the enthusiasm and inspiration of Yuefu poets. Yuefu poems also show sensitive issues that people are generally concerned about, telling the bitterness and joy, love and hate, and attitudes towards life and death of that era. From the formal point of view, except for a few works, Yuefu in the two Han Dynasties mostly used three words, four words, five words or miscellaneous words, which were generally short and pithy. There are not many seven-character poems in Han Yuefu poems, but there are many neat five-character poems, such as the famous novels "Mulberry on the Stranger" and "Peacock Flying Southeast", all of which are five-character poems. Yuefu poems in the two Han dynasties have a wide range of themes, including lyrical, narrative and philosophical works, but most of them are narrative themes reflecting social real life, which is its main feature. From the content point of view, the authors of the two Han Yuefu poems come from different classes, and the poet's brushwork permeates all levels of social life. Therefore, the disparity between the rich and the poor and the inequality of bitterness and happiness among members of society are fully reflected in poems, but Yuefu poems in this period are mainly about marriage and love, war corvee, orphans and sentimentality at that time. Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty directly revealed the love and hate between men and women. Love and marriage works occupy a large proportion in the poems of Yuefu in the two Han Dynasties. Most of these poems are written by folk or lower-class literati. Therefore, when expressing love and hate in love and marriage, be bold and provocative and make no secret of it. Many works are fresh in language and sincere in feelings, with distinct reality and sociality. Some take the love and marriage life of men and women as the theme, or write works that express the suffering of lovesickness, such as Altair; Or write sincere love, feelings will never decay, if you want to break off the relationship, unless you want to "there are no graves in the mountains, rivers are inexhaustible, Lei Zhen in the East, rain and snow in summer, and heaven and earth are in harmony" ("The First Solution"), this poem uses amazing language, first swearing at the sky, indicating that you want to be lifelong partners with your lover, and then even citing five rare and extremely abnormal natural phenomena. Therefore, the works greatly enhance the intensity of lyricism, and the inner feelings are like volcanic eruptions, such as surging rivers, and no force can stop them. The women in Yuefu poems in the two Han dynasties are sincere and enthusiastic about their lovers. However, when the woman found that the man "has his heart" and found that the other person changed his mind and was unfaithful to love, she was very determined. She will turn love into hate and break up with him decisively without hesitation. For example, thinking reflects the change and performance of unmarried women from love to hate, and she is passionately in love. There are also some works in which women refuse the flirting and seduction of officials and rich slaves, showing their loyalty to love. For example, Mulberry in The Stranger exposes the decadent and shameless face of the ruling class and depicts a loyal, beautiful, witty and rebellious female image. There is also a vivid narrative poem, such as Picking Witches in the Mountains, which describes the appearance, talent, attitude and psychology of newlyweds and old friends, as well as the husband's treatment of his wife. Here, we can not only see the tragic fate of women at that time, but more importantly, the author strongly mocked the stupidity and injustice of men's abandonment through his diligent description of this abandoned woman. There is another kind of love-hate relationship. For example, Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, the heroines in Peacock Flying Southeast, are a loving couple. There is only love between them, not hate. Their marriage was torn alive by external forces. Jiao Mu doesn't like Lan Zhi, so she has to go back to her parents' house. Brother Liu forced her to remarry, and the satrap forced her to get married. After Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing broke up, they got to know each other better and their love became stronger and stronger. In the end, both of them committed suicide to resist the arranged marriage, and also expressed their undying love. Based on the common sufferings of young men and women in feudal society, this poem is vividly expressed in simple and lively artistic language, which is an indictment of the old ethics. It is the most powerful work to expose feudal family problems and women's problems. When the author describes this marriage tragedy, the hero and heroine love what they like and hate what they hate, and the tendency is very obvious. The above works show the theme of love and marriage between men and women from different angles. However, between Han and Wei dynasties, wars were frequent, and wars and corvees brought great disasters to the broad masses of the people, so there were more works about war corvees. For example, the fifteenth draft wrote about a veteran who was old and ragged. He served in the army for 65 years before returning to China, which vividly illustrates the long service time and the war. Yuefu poems in the Han Dynasty truly reflected the reality, and let us see the ugly face of the ruling class at that time and the tragic situation of the working people groaning under the oppression of the ruling class. It can also let us hear the pulse of the people at that time and the dissolute laughter of the ruling class, as well as the social outlook and essence of the Han Dynasty. Through the understanding of Yuefu folk songs, we can get a more real understanding. Yuefu folk songs in Han Dynasty not only have profound ideological significance, but also have rich and colorful artistic characteristics. Yuefu folk songs are narrative, lyrical and reasonable, and narrative poems are the most prominent. In many narrative poems, the stories are vivid, compact and vivid. There are also dramatic monologues and dialogues in poems, whether lyric poems or narrative poems, which are often expressed through dialogues between characters or first-person speeches similar to monologues in dramas. The appearance of narrative poems in Yuefu of the two Han Dynasties marked the maturity of China's ancient narrative poems.
Yuefu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, most Yuefu poems handed down were written by literati. Cao Cao's father and son have good music and many songs. In the Jian 'an era represented by San Cao, Cao Shi and his son not only united a group of talented poets by virtue of their political status, but also contributed to the inheritance and development of Yuefu poetry with their own creative practice. Cao Cao is an outstanding politician, strategist and poet in the history of China. He copied the old Yuefu poems and imitated the folk songs of the Han Dynasty, and began to write Yuefu poems. His achievements in poetry creation mainly lie in his ability to freely use the old topics and songs of Yuefu folk songs to sing new things, and to push the narrative of Yuefu folk songs into lyricism, which can reflect some social phenomena more comprehensively and profoundly and has strong reality. Cao Pi wrote Yuefu poems with Yuefu ancient inscriptions, accounting for almost half of his poems. Most of his poems describe the love and parting between men and women, and the language is simple and natural. His Ge Yanxing is called the earliest seven-character poem because of its deep feelings. Formally speaking, Yuefu poems in Wei and Jin Dynasties have four words, five words and seven words, and the length is also long, and most of the contents can reflect real life. This is the first prosperous period for literati to write Yuefu poems. It is difficult to write about military life. There is also the disaster brought by war, a trip in Artemisia. This poem treats people's death with theistic concept, writes the painful feeling when facing death, and treats the irresistible fact that the soul belongs to Artemisia argyi with helpless attitude. There is also a short song line, which shows the high spirit of being old and strong in wartime. These works not only reflect the social outlook in wartime, but also reveal the poet's personal feelings between the lines of the poem. Cao Zhi, the son of Cao Cao, is very talented and has written many excellent Yuefu poems. In particular, he opened up a broad realm for five-character poems, pointed out a bright future and promoted the development of five-character poems. His poems can truly reflect the social outlook, expose the internal contradictions of the ruling class and express people's feelings and aspirations through superb artistic skills, thus becoming an outstanding poet in the history of China and a representative writer in the Jian 'an era. But he was frustrated and depressed all his life, so what he did was mostly a manifestation of depression. For example, The Tale of Beauty shows that the beauty is "in her prime, sighing in the middle of the night" and her talent is buried; Seven Sorrow expresses her helpless self-injury by thinking about her "lament"; The poem "Lu Luxing" thinks that life is too short to be dew on the grass. When dew dries up, it can be rebuilt naturally, but human life is only once. Death turns life back and disappears forever. Yuefu poems in Wei and Jin dynasties are mainly imitated by literati, and narrative and lyric are closely combined. In many titles of "writing current affairs through the past", there is often a vent of the poet's subjective feelings. In terms of style, the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties are more colorful, while the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are more simple.
The inscription of Gu Yuefu is: Nine Machines.
Wei and Jin Dynasties: Yang Liuzhi.
Han Yuefu's songs are: Plum blossoms have fallen.