/kloc-At the end of 0/8, lyric poets such as Francisco lopez, Lorenzo mujica and Manuel Otasa appeared in Chile. Lopez's poem "To My Beautiful Sister with Smallpox" was all the rage.
During the War of Independence, three famous poets and writers appeared: the patriotic poet Camilo enriquez (1769~ 1825), who was arrested and imprisoned for participating in the national independence movement. His masterpiece is patriotic songs. Antonio Jose de Irisarri (1786~ 1868), born in Guatemala, took an active part in Chile's national independence movement. His representative works include satirical and joking poems and autobiographical novel Wandering Christians. Merseyside Marin de Sollare (1804~ 1866), a poetess, advocates women's education and is proficient in music theory. Her poems are full of musical sense, and her masterpiece is Corona Hector, Portales.
* * * During the Republic of China, Chile invited or accepted some foreign writers, the most important of which was Venezuelan Andres Bello (178 1~ 1865). 1829 was invited to Chile to engage in diplomatic and educational work, and founded Arauga magazine, which made great contributions to training the younger generation of Chilean writers. Jose Joaquin de Moura (1783~ 1864), a Spanish writer, founded Courier de Chile during his political asylum in Chile, which publicized the bourgeois progressive thoughts and had a great impact on the 1842 literary movement. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracín, a famous Argentine writer and thinker, went to Chile twice to seek political asylum. Based on Valparaiso's Messenger, he had a debate with Bello, involving language, literature and education system. Finally, together with Samianto, he persuaded the Bello student Jose Vitorino Lastaria (18 17~ 1888).
This debate has had a far-reaching impact on Chile's ideological and literary circles. Young Chilean writers who participated in the debate set up a literary group in 1842, and at the same time set up various literary publications in Santiago and other places, determined to create national literature. They are collectively called "1942 generation". The main figures are Jose Joaquin vallejo (1809~ 1858), Salvador San fuentes (18 17~ 1860) and Manuel Antonio tocona (65438+).
Among them, Lastaria wrote some short stories reflecting Chilean society, such as Beggar (1843) and Diary of a Crazy Woman (1875), which implicitly attacked the coldness and darkness of society. His novel Past and Present (1885) is an autobiographical work, which also occupies a certain position in the history of Chilean literature.
After the literary movement of 1842, romanticism and custom poetry became quite popular. Eusébio Lilo (1826~ 19 10) is a romantic poet, and he is an advocate of new poetry. 1845 was commissioned by the government to write the national anthem, and the lyrics are still used today. Guillermo Blest Ghana (1829~ 1905) is deeply influenced by the romanticism in western Europe, and his works are full of pain and sadness about where you are going. At the same time, he is also one of the founders of Chilean sonnets, and his masterpiece is Your Harmony. Guillermo Mata (1829~ 1899), a prolific poet, advocated reform and progress and attached importance to philosophy and science. His works are influenced by Hugo and Heine, with diverse themes and rich philosophies. Two of his poems, The Evil Story and The Mysterious Woman, were attacked by conservatives. The works of Jose Antonio Sophia (1843~ 1886) are popular in Chile and Colombia, with sincere feelings, rich imagination, rhythmic music and lively rhythm. The masterpiece is my mother's letter.
Among the custom poets, the famous ones are José ZaPiola (1802~ 1885) and Vincent Perez Rosales (1807~ 1886). The former's masterpiece Memoirs of Thirty Years is a poetic local chronicle, while the latter's masterpiece Memories of the Past describes the author's life in the western United States.
In terms of novels, realistic writers represented by the famous novelist Alvito Blest Garner (1830~ 1920) have risen. Influenced by Balzac and Stendhal, Blest Ghana took literature as the mirror of society, which reflected the changes of Chilean society from the War of Independence to the end of 19, and laid the foundation for Chilean realistic novels. His important works include Martin Rivas (1862), Recovery Period (1897) and. Danielle Barros Grace (1834~ 1904) is known as a "small encyclopedia" of historical themes, involving many fields such as politics, economy and culture. Representative works include Orphan and School of Political Literature. Nie Luda's long poem "Spain in My Heart" is also an important work in this period.
Among the realistic writers are Vincent Grace (1847~ 1909), Luis Orego Luco (1866~ 1943), who is good at describing the scenes of the war of independence (1943).
At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of poets, mainly Pedro Antonio Gonzales (1863~ 1903), appeared under the influence of the modernist poetry movement. His works are influenced by modernism in form, but pay attention to social reality in content. He is good at depicting historical events with sad brushstrokes, and his masterpiece is the poetry collection Rhythm.
Julio Vicuna Cifuentes (1865~ 1936) is influenced by folk songs in form, Greek classical literature in words and Ruben Dario in style, and his masterpiece is Autumn Harvest.
Antonio Bosch Sollare (1874~ 1938) writes in a modernist way, indulging in the description and fantasy of nature, and his masterpiece is The Lone Star Myth.
Influenced by modernism, Samuel Lillo mainly wrote narrative poems, praising heroes in war and adventures at sea. His masterpiece is Concepcion, a long poem with the theme of the Pacific War.
Most modernist poets in the later period paid attention to lyric poetry and began to break away from some shackles of modernist poetry. Among them, Pedro Prado (1886~ 1952) is famous for his poems describing maternal love and parting. In his later years, he was recognized as the best representative of sonnets, and his masterpiece was The Abandoned House. Maria Monville's works (1897~ 1936) are lyrical and sincere. In rhythm and prosody, modernist style is more prominent, and the masterpiece is The Last Poetry.
In the 1920s, after the decline of modernist poetry, several original poets appeared in Chile, among which gabriela mistral (1889~ 1957) and pablo neruda (1904~ 1973) were the most important, which had an impact on the whole Latin American poetry.
Mistral was originally named Lucilla godoy Alcayaga, and her early works were mostly personal love tragedies, sentimentality and pantheism. His later poems are full of humanitarianism, lamenting the fate of the Jewish nation and pitying lonely children. She won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1945 because "her lyrical poems full of strong feelings make her name a symbol of the whole Latin American ideal". Her important poems include Sonnets of Death, Thorny Trees and Grape Juicer.
Nie Luda, whose original name was Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto, inherited the tradition of Spanish national poetry, accepted the influence of French modernist poets, absorbed the characteristics of Chilean folk poetry, and learned the genre of Whitman's free poems, thus forming his own creative style. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 197 1 because "his poems have a natural function, reviving the destiny and dreams of a continent". His important works include Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, Spain in My Heart, Ode to Heroes, Poems, Song of Elements and so on.
Other poets include: Vicente Hui Dobro (1893~ 1948), the founder of the creationism poetry school. He opposed all the traditions of poetry and advocated that poetry was an "absolute creation". His creative practice has proved that his theory is not practical, and his works have embarked on the road of extreme formalism, so he is called "a famous poet who has published many literary declarations". His main works are Adam and Against the Wind.
Pablo de Roca, formerly known as carlos dias loyola, was deeply influenced by the European avant-garde. He mainly writes political poems, which is as famous as Nie Luda. He is called a pair of Pablo in Chilean poetry. He was the chairman of the Chilean Writers' Union, and won the National Literature Award in 1965. His masterpiece is Five Red Songs.
Angel Cruchaga Santa Maria, a poet inclined to symbolism, praised the motherland, future and rural scenery in his works. He won the National Literature Award from 65438 to 0948, and his masterpiece is Invisible City.
Nicanor Parra's poetry style is novel and unique. He tries to get rid of all traditional and foreign influences, especially against Europeanization. His works are full of vernacular and spoken language, close to folk songs, and his masterpieces are poetry and anti-poetry, which is called "anti-poetry" school.
In addition, gonzalo rojas's works take love and death as the theme and reflect social problems; Oscar Castro (19 10~ 1947) expressed his feelings with pastoral scenery, trees, flowers and birds.