Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.
Feeling defeated, I burst into tears when I saw the flowers bloom, disappointed and resentful, and scared when I heard the birds singing.
The continuous war has lasted for a spring, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
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The first four sentences of this poem describe the miserable and dilapidated scene of Chang 'an in spring, with ups and downs. In the last four sentences, the poet's feelings of caring for relatives and state affairs are full of bitterness and indignation. The rhyme of the whole poem is rigorous, and the couplet takes "the place where petals flow like tears" as the sigh of the first couplet, and "the lonely bird has sung sadness" as the worry of homesickness, while the couplet emphasizes that deep worry leads to white sparse, delicate antithesis and tragic voice.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning of the poem, I described what I saw in the spring: the mountains and rivers are still there, but the capital has fallen and the city was destroyed in the war. The grass is overgrown with weeds and the trees are barren. The two diametrically opposite images of "national destruction" and "urban spring" coexist, forming a strong contrast. "Spring in the city" refers to the season of lush flowers and trees and bright smoke in spring. However, due to the "destruction of the country", the decline of the nation and the fall of the capital, the glory of spring has been lost, leaving only ruins and only "deep planting". "Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." Flowers shed tears mercilessly, birds are frightened without hatred, and flowers and birds have grievances because of people. "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The poet thought: The war has been going on for a spring and it is still not over.
This poem is a blend of scenes, deep feelings, implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of "depression and frustration". This poem has a compact structure and revolves around the word "Wang". The first four sentences are lyrical by borrowing scenery and scenery. It shows the typical feelings under the background of typical times, reflects the good wishes of contemporary people to love the country and yearn for peace, and expresses everyone's unanimous inner voice. It also shows the poet's noble feelings of worrying about the country and the people and being sad at times.
To annotate ...
Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).
Break: fall.
Mountains and rivers still exist: the old mountains and rivers still exist.
City: Chang 'an City.
Deep planting: refers to a vast territory with few people.
Sense of time: sentimentality about the present situation of the country.
Splash: Tears.
Hate parting: regret parting.
Beacon: Fireworks used in ancient frontier warning refers to the war of An Shi Rebellion. March: the first month, February and March.
Arrival: value, quite.
Whitehead: here refers to white hair. Scratch: scratch gently with your fingers.
Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: think, want, want.
Win: endure, endure. Hairpin: a kind of jewelry for tying hair. Ancient men had long hair, which was tied on the top of their heads when they were adults and inserted horizontally with hairpins to avoid scattering.
Creation background
In November of the 14th year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In June of the following year, the rebels captured Tongguan, and Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry. In July, Prince Hengli succeeded to the throne in Lingwu (now Ningxia), assisting Tang Suzong. When Du Fu heard the news, he settled down in a boat and went to the Suzong court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang 'an, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position. In the spring of the second year from Tang Suzong to German (AD 757), Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the depression in Chang 'an with mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that will be told for generations.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored as a "poet saint" by the world. His poems were called "the history of poetry". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence.