go hunting
Wang Wei
In the wind, the horn sounded and the general was hunting outside the borehole.
The grass is yellow in autumn, and the eagle eye is sharper; When the ice and snow melt, the horseshoe is extraordinarily brisk.
It has passed Xinfeng City in a blink of an eye and soon returned to sunny Liu Ying.
Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon.
The title of this poem is hunting and riding. Judging from the bold style of this poem, it is Wang Wei's early works. The content of the poem is just an ordinary hunting activity, but it is written with passion. As for its artistic skills, Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty marveled at it: "Its composition, syntax and typesetting are excellent. This is also rare in Tang poetry. " (Tang Poetry)
The poem begins with "Bowing at the Horn of the Wind". Before writing about people, we should try our best to write about its influence: the wind whistling and the strings singing. The sound of wind and horn bow (a hard bow decorated with horns) corresponds to each other: the strength of wind is heard through the vibration of strings; The wind blows the strings. The word "Gong Gong" brings out the meaning of "hunting", which can remind people of the shooting scene of "a horse flying like a bolt from the blue". What a good hand-eye you should have to shoot in the strong wind! This aroused the reader's suspense about the hunter. Full of momentum, the protagonist launched: "General Hunting Weicheng". The appearance of the general is exactly what readers expect. This initial stroke that wins everyone's attention can take the lead. "It is amazing to fall from a mountain without knowing where it came from" (Fang Shudong). Two sentences "If it is reversed, it is a pen" (Shen Deqian).
Weicheng is the old city of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty, in the northwest of Chang 'an, on the north bank of Wei River. At that time, the grass on the plain had withered, the snow had disappeared, and there was a breath of spring in the depression at the end of winter. The words "the grass is dead" and "the snow is gone" are as simple and vivid as sketches and quite picturesque. The eagle eye is particularly sharp because of the withered grass, the horseshoe is unobstructed because of the exhausted snow, and the couplet is extremely fine. The words "sharp eagle eye" and "disease" mean that prey will be found soon, followed by the words "light horseshoe", which means that hunting horses will catch up quickly. The words "disease" and "light" are both wonderful. The two sentences are reminiscent of Bao Zhao's famous sentence "The beast is fat and the spring grass is short, the flying grass is flat, and the ground is flat", but the meaning of finding the prey and then pursuing it is clearly written on paper, while Wang Wei puts the same meaning in obscure sentences, which makes people think deeply and feel meaningful. At first glance, three or four sentences seem to have the same meaning and are called each other; It is a "flowing couple" who understand the meaning of the party. Such subtle opposition is rare.
The above description of hunting only touches on three details, namely "Horn Bow", "Hawkeye Disease" and "Light Horseshoe", but does not describe the hunting scene. First, because of hunting opinions; Second, the fun of hunting is far from practical, only good for hunting and riding and its influence.
Behind the necklace is "light horseshoe", but it means to go hunting and come back. Although the turning point is continuous with the meaning of the above words, it naturally flows away. "Xinfeng City" is in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and "Xiliuying" is in Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, with a distance of more than 70 miles. These two place names can be found in Hanshu. Poets come to the meeting at will and get together for a while, which is elegant and tasteful, so it is unnecessary to refer to reality. When you say "suddenly pass" and "go home", you will see the speed of returning to camp, and it really feels like a thousand miles a day. "Xiliuying" was originally the place where Zhou Yafu stationed troops in the Han Dynasty. It is used to add another meaning, which seems to mean that the hunting hero in the poem was also named as a general, which is in line with his image of high spirit and dashing and heroic when shooting in front of him. These two sentences, together, not only vividly describe the hunting and riding scenes, but also truly show the hero's airy feeling and joy.
Speaking of hunting, it's very poetic. However, the tail couplet ends with scenery, but it is not the scenery of the camp, but the prospect of the hunting ground, which is already "thousands of miles away". This scene is far from the beginning of the article. The beginning and the end not only echo each other, but also contrast: the beginning is a storm, which corresponds to the tension of hunting; At this time, the wind will calm down, which is commensurate with the indecision after hunting. Writing about landscapes is all expressions, and seeing the ups and downs of feelings in the changes of landscapes is a wonderful stroke. Seven sentences have been published, History of the North. When hunting in Beiqi Hu, he saw a big bird on the cloud table, shot its neck, shaped like a wheel, and spun down. This is a sculpture, because it is called "archer". The phrase "shooting an eagle" implies that the general is muscular and superb in archery. This ending of the poem is meaningful and memorable.
Looking at the whole poem, half of it is about hunting, half of it is about hunting returning, and it rises and falls suddenly, making a proud knot, lingering for two times at a time, bearing one turn at a time, and having an irresistible momentum of rhythm, which can reflect the five laws of combination from beginning to end. This is the beauty of composition. There are three place names hidden in the poem, which makes people feel unconscious, the allusions are empty and the scenery is expressive, so that three or four sentences are both very physical and beyond words, which is the beauty of syntax. Dry, tired, sick, light, sudden death and return, the choice of words and words is precisely tempered, and both salty and salty can be taken into account. This is the beauty of calligraphy. All these techniques well express the emotions and lofty sentiments of the angry people in the poem. Therefore, this poem fully deserves the reputation of a masterpiece in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Border songs
Lipper
The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass.
Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night.
I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.
Yi Yun
Xia Sai Qu, the name of Yuefu in Tang Dynasty. There are six songs of Xia Sai written by Li Bai, which reflect the Tang Dynasty's counterattack against the northwest ethnic minorities' invasion of Korea. The following is the first song, which describes the hardships of life in the frontier fortress and shows the heroism and patriotism of the soldiers guarding the frontier to kill the enemy bravely.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the scenery and the extreme cold in the frontier, so as to show the spirit of the soldiers guarding the frontier who are not afraid of difficulties and hardships. They are all written from the side, with natural language and informal rules. The last four sentences of the poem describe the characters, showing the tension of military life and the bravery and vigilance of the soldiers guarding the border. From the structural point of view, the description of the hard environment in the first four sentences paves the way for the heroism of the soldiers in the last four sentences, which shows that the author's conception is ingenious.
The author is good at grasping distinctive things to summarize life and express the theme. For example, in May, the Tianshan Mountains were cold, with no flowers and no willows, and only the song "Folding Willow" was heard, which set off the hardships of the frontier fortress environment, and "chasing the golden drum" and "holding the jade saddle" were used to show that the soldiers bravely killed the enemy and were on high alert for invasion. At the end of the sentence, "I would like to put my sword in my waist and cut Loulan straight." The poet expressed his feelings directly without using soldiers, which was even more sonorous and magnificent, and expressed his desire and determination to swear to serve the country in addition to border troubles.
Appreciation of Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom
Chinese plum
There are some plums in the corner.
Ling cold drives alone.
Distant knowledge is not snow,
Because of the faint fragrance.
[Notes]
1. cold ling: braved the cold.
2. remote: remote.
3. For: Because.
4. Dark fragrance: refers to the fragrance of plum blossoms.
[explanation]
There are some plum blossoms in the corner, blooming alone in the cold. Why do you know from a distance that Bai Meihua is not snow? That's because there is a faint plum blossom fragrance.
[Appreciation]
Among the poems about plum blossoms sung by the ancients, one is quite famous, that is, Xiaomei in the Garden in the Mountains written by Lin Bu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty before the author. In particular, the poem "Shadows are shallow and dusk is fragrant" is known as Yongmei's swan song. Lin Bu, who has never been an official, married and had children, and lived alone on the hillside of an isolated mountain near the West Lake, growing plums and raising cranes, living in seclusion. Therefore, when he wrote Yongmei's poems, he could only express his lofty thought of being divorced from social reality. The author's poems are different. He skillfully borrowed Lin Bu's poems, but he was able to bring forth the new. Look at the plum blossoms he wrote. They are as white as snow. They grow in the corner without inferiority, and they exude a fragrance from a distance. The poet described the purity and beauty of plum blossom with snow by appreciating its noble character of not being afraid of cold, and pointed out that plum blossom has a "dark fragrance" more than snow, which shows the great charm of a strong and noble personality. In the extremely complicated and difficult situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, the author actively reformed, but failed to get support. His lonely mentality and difficult situation naturally have something in common with Meihua. This little poem has profound implications, and the sentences are simple and natural, without any traces of carving.
Liu Zongyuan Jiang Xue
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
There are no birds on a hundred mountains, no footprints on a thousand roads, a boat, a bamboo cloak, and an old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue.
Snow is beautiful, Jiang Xue is magical, and Jiang Xue in Yongzhou is more charming. ...
Liu Zongyuan is outstanding. Liu Zongyuan, who has been relegated forever, is lucky, and Liu Zongyuan, who can write the poem Jiang Xue, is even more famous. ...
When Jiang Xue met Liu Zi and Liu Zi approached Jiang Xue, a story in poetry was born-the birth of Jiang Xue. Liu Zi marveled at the landscape of Yongzhou and the Jiang Xue of Yongzhou. I am even more surprised that there is another self in Jiang Xue.
Yongzhou is a beautiful ancient city of southern Hunan culture with excellent geographical environment. Green water passes through the city and is surrounded by beautiful mountains. Looking around, the eyes are full of green, just like a jade carefully created by God, which makes this ancient city forever radiate the brilliance of life and youth. However, the most intoxicating scenery in Yongzhou ancient city is the snow scene. When the heavy snow turned the mountains into silver, there was white everywhere. In this silvery world, Num is like a jewel necklace around the neck of the ancient city, which is particularly eye-catching and bright green. This charming beauty is unique. It belongs only to Yongzhou, and only to the wonders of Jiang Xue in Yongzhou. More than a thousand years ago, when Liu Zongyuan came to Yongzhou, he was lucky, and Yongzhou was also lucky. Yongzhou's landscape has made his literary talent, and his literary talent shows the beauty of Yongzhou's landscape, as evidenced by the poem Jiang Xue. Of course, Jiang Xue is not a poem about scenery, but expresses the poet's unique feelings through Yongzhou's unique scenery. Therefore, when reading this poem, don't simply treat it as a landscape poem. We should feel the rich connotation and eternal charm of this poem from multiple angles and levels, and feel the existence of Liu Zi.
First, the artistic picture. The most superficial beauty shown in the poem Jiang Xue is the visual composition of the snow scene. "Snow" is undoubtedly an important part of the poet's writing. How to write Snow? Is the key to the scenery of this poem. This poet is very original. With the painter's eyes and painting methods, he accurately showed the corresponding relationship between scenes: big and small, virtual and real, background and center. Then, it formed a stunning snow scene of later generations-fishing in the cold river. The first two sentences are the background of the picture, which is to write "big" scenery and "virtual" scenery. There is not a word "snow" in the sentence "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths", but it writes the spectacular realm of snow floating in Wan Li, which is an indescribable charm. The common expressions of "Qianshan" and "Wanjing" not only capture the mountainous natural geographical features of Yongzhou, but also write the snow scene in the sky infinitely wide, far beyond the field of vision, giving people endless imagination. "Birds fly away" and "people disappear" are the effects of heavy snow, which inspires readers to imagine the magnitude of snow. The last two sentences are that the center of the picture is to write "small" scenery and "real" scenery. Because Num is not frozen in severe winter, there is the center of this "Fisherman's Map of Hanshui River in Dai Li". Lonely fishermen contrast with the heavy snow background, because there are fishermen, the snow background is wider and deeper. Because of the background of snow, fishermen are more vivid and meaningful. The author's correct handling of the relationship between scenes is an important reason for this picturesque poem. So some people say that art is an expression of relationship.
Second, mysterious Zen. Through the superficial picture of the poem, we can find that Zen is one of the deep connotations in the poem. Some scholars say that the poem Jiang Xue "presents an ineffable Zen". This evaluation is in place. Zen is one of the characteristics of Liu Zongyuan's poems, especially in Jiang Xue. It is an indisputable fact that the author understands Zen. Where is the Zen flavor of Jiang Xue? First, it creates a quiet and ethereal realm. The vast realm written in the poem is completely spotless and silent white land, which is really clean and empty. In addition to the snow, there are no birds singing in Qian Shan, and no one can be seen on the path. The silence is empty to the extreme. In this poem, readers can fully feel the tranquility, emptiness, clarity and emptiness after purification, forget the right and wrong in the secular world, enter the situation where things are different and enjoy the pleasure brought by Zen. The second is to poeticize the difficulty of self-cultivation A fisherman fishing alone in the cold river is obviously not interested in fish. Zhu Zixing thought, "Fish lurks in the cold river, and you can't catch it. This is not for fish. " What's the point of fishing alone in Hanjiang River? It should be a revelation: the achievement of cultivation is a difficult process and the tempering of will. To achieve a certain goal, we must bear the pressure that ordinary people can't bear and taste the loneliness that ordinary people don't want to taste. Just like a fisherman fishing alone in the cold river, although it is icy and chilly, it can be indifferent and calm. This poem is full of philosophy. A good poem needs philosophy, because philosophy is also a kind of beauty.
Third, arrogant mentality. This is the third connotation of Jiang Xue's poem, and it is also the main content of the author's true expression in the poem. Poetry is mainly about freehand brushwork. Jiang Xue is obviously not a real scene, but a freehand brushwork. There are two meanings: one is to express loneliness, and the other is to describe the state of pride. Fishermen who fish alone in the vast background are so small and helpless. The image of a lonely fisherman is obviously not a portrait, but a symbol of self-image. Fishing alone in the cold river should be an artistic illusion of the poet's mentality after being demoted. The icy snow scene is actually a distorted writing of the political pressure situation. The natural phenomena of "birds fly away" and "people disappear" caused by the power of heavy snow and cold are the social and psychological image description of the fear caused by the die-hards' attack and severe punishment on Yongzhen's innovative forces at that time. But the lonely fisherman in the poem is arrogant, just as the poet did not succumb to Yongzhen's failure, and the fisherman despised the cold and loneliness brought by ice and snow. Although "there are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand paths", he did not show the slightest compromise and concession, but stubbornly guarded a lonely boat and fished in the cold river. Looking at the framing of the poem, we use a bird's eye view and a condescending description, which also reveals the author's unyielding pride.
Therefore, the poem "Jiang Xue" is not a simple poem, but a beautiful landscape painting, a profound philosophical flavor, an expression of the poet's inner self and a flash of personality. In particular, the poet's stubborn attitude in adversity, indifferent and detached state of mind and detached personality have almost become the spiritual home pursued by ancient literati. Poetry is like a person, and poetry is like a heart. No wonder Fan listed Jiang Xue as the first-class Tang poetry and spoke highly of it: "Apart from Liu Zihou's Fishing for Snow, the five words and four sentences in the Tang Dynasty are rarely the best."
Liu Changqing, the master of Furong Mountain in the snow.
The setting sun is far away, the weather is cold and the house is poor.
Chai Men heard dogs barking and went home on a snowy night.
Author's information: Liu Changqing (709 ~ 780) was a poet of Tang Dynasty in China. Word study room. Xuancheng (now Xuanzhou, Anhui) people, Hejian (now Hebei) people. Liu Changqing was demoted twice, and suffered many wars while living in various places. Therefore, some of his sentimental life stories also reflect the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the An Shi Rebellion.
In the twilight, the valley ahead still has a long way to go. In the cold world, I finally saw a humble little house. There is a dog barking in Chai Men. On this snowstorm night, guests knocking at the door came.
Appreciation: Based on a snowman, this poem depicts a cold mountain night, and tourists stay at dusk. Poetry is written in chronological order. The first sentence is about the feeling of tourists traveling on the mountain road at dusk, the second sentence is about what they saw at the boarding house, and the last two sentences are about what they heard at the boarding house after nightfall. Each poem constitutes an independent picture and is interrelated. There are pictures in the poem, but the feelings are seen outside.
Appreciation of Song of Snow White and Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home
A Song of Snow White Farewell to Tian Shuji Ng Wui
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom.
Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear.
The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment.
In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow.
I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
Appreciation of poetry and prose
This poem is about sending snow. In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Cen Can went to the frontier fortress again, and served as Feng Changqing, the Northwest Hospital of An. Wu is still his predecessor. Write this poem and send him back to Beijing. "Cen Can brothers are curious" (Du Fu's into the pit), so when reading this poem, don't ignore a "strange" word everywhere.
This poem begins with a sudden surprise. Flying snow spreads news before snow is the spirit of flying snow, and the so-called "pen is not swallowed up". Heavy snow will come with the wind, and the beauty of the word "the north wind rolls the ground" lies in seeing snow in the wind. White Grass, according to Hanshu. Yan Shigu's Biography of the Western Regions is a kind of grass name in the northwest, and Wang Xianqian's supplementary notes show that it is tenacious. However, frost grass is brittle and can be broken (if it is spring grass, it cannot be "broken" when it is pitched with the wind). "White grass bends over" means that the wind is fierce again. It is crisp in August and autumn, and it snows all over the sky in the north. The word "and eight In the snow across the sky of Tatar" vividly describes a strange surprised tone of southerners.
It's bitter and cold outside the Great Wall. The north wind blew and it snowed heavily. The poet's Spring Breeze makes pear flowers bloom, which is very novel and appropriate compared with the North Wind, which makes snowflakes fly. The word "suddenly like" is beautifully written, which not only shows the variety of "Hu Tian", but also shows the poet's surprise and curiosity. The magnificent artistic conception of "blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" is quite romantic. Southerners have seen pear blossoms in full bloom. Snow-white flowers are not only one by one, but also a mass, much like the scene of snow pressing the winter forest. The spring breeze blows pears, and there are even thousands of trees. Reduplicated rhetoric shows the prosperity and magnificence of the scene. "Full of gas, touching it like a flower" (Chun Xue in Oriental Autumn) also uses flowers to describe snow, which is equally ingenious, but this poem should be divided into three points regardless of pride and curiosity. The poet compares the spring scenery with the winter scenery, especially the southern spring scenery with the northern winter scenery, which makes people forget the strange cold, feel happy and warm inside, and is amazing in the creation of ideas and environment. There is an idiom-"A wonderful hand rejuvenating" to comment on this famous saying about snow.
After a beautiful start in writing about the snow scene in the wild, the poem pen was written from account to account. Pieces of flying "flowers" floated in, entered the room through the curtains, and slowly melted on the curtains ... The word "bead curtain, wet silk curtain" connects the preceding with the following, changing naturally and calmly, and the object is nuanced. The influence of "white snow" intruded into the room. If it is in the south, it will explode if you put on the fox fur, but here the fox fur is not warm, and even the soft brocade is only thin. An edge general who can "break five-quarter arc" can't open an angle bow; Usually it is "iron armor that stays up all night", but at this time it is "iron clothes are hard to protect". Two sentences and general Duhu (the governor of the town near Duhu) said, understand each other. These four sentences, some people think, show the bitter and cold life of soldiers in the border area. Who says they're not? But as far as the theme of Bai Xuege is concerned, it is mainly through people's feelings and various events that are regarded as abnormal by southerners to write about the strange cold weather and the power of snow. This is really Snow White's hymn. It is concrete and realistic to write cold through people's feelings, and it has not become an abstract concept. The poet relishes the strange cold, which makes people feel fresh and interesting. This is another manifestation of the poet's "curious" character.
The scene moved out of the tent again and extended to the vast desert and the vast sky: the vast sand sea, snow and ice everywhere; Snow presses the winter clouds, thick and dense. Although the snow is suspended, it seems that the weather will not improve in the short term. "The sand sea deepens the ice depth, the clouds are bleak, and Wan Li condenses." In two sentences, with exaggerated pen and ink, a magnificent snow scene was painted in Sasai, which arranged a typical farewell environment for Judge Wu's Return to Beijing. It is difficult to travel long distances in such cold and bad weather. The word "sadness" vaguely implies parting.
So I wrote about buying wine and drinking other things in Zhang Zhongjun (the commander's camp). If the above is mainly about singing snow, the following is to write farewell with snow as the background. The sentence "Let's play other barbarian pipa, guitar and harp", juxtaposing the three instruments without writing the score itself, seems rather clumsy, but it can indirectly convey a scene of worrying about the complicated strings and the meaning of "always closing the mountain and feeling different". These marginal instrumental music can touch the sender's homesickness and have a different flavor than farewell. Writing a banquet left a deep impression on readers, but there were not many ink drops, which also showed that the author divided the primary and secondary details in the pen according to the meaning of the topic.
It was dusk and it was snowing heavily when the guests were sent out of the military gate. At this time, I saw a strange sight: although the wind was blowing hard, the red flag on the Yuanmen did not move-it had been frozen by snow and ice. This vivid and unusual detail once again vividly shows that the weather is extremely cold. The white snow is a little bright red on the background, and the warm color and cool color on the screen make the whole realm whiter and colder; The still image of snowflakes flying in the air makes the whole picture more vivid. This is another wonderful stroke in the poem.
Take the passengers to the intersection, which is the east gate of Luntai. Although reluctant, it is time to break up after all. How can we get to the highway when the snow closes the mountain? The road turns to the peak, pedestrians disappear in the snow, and the poet is still watching affectionately. These last few words are extremely moving, and they become the perfect ending of this poem, which is also the well-known opening. What was he thinking when he looked at the horseshoe prints left in the snow? Do you miss this traveler, worry about when the long road to the mountains will end, or be disappointed with the uncertainty of your return date? There are endless feelings at the end, and the artistic conception is similar to the ancient poem "Step out of the east gate of the city and look at Jiangnan Road in the distance". An old friend went there in the snowstorm the day before yesterday. Famous sentences are similar, but they are more effective at the junction of poetry.
Full of whimsy is the main feature of this poem (which can well reflect the poet's creative personality). With keen observation and sensibility, the author captures the wonders of the frontier fortress, reproduces the magnificent natural scenery of the frontier fortress with vigorous brushwork, such as waving a lot of wine (such as Hanhai), sketching details (such as Our Frozen Red Flag Can't Fly in the Wind), realistic and vivid description, and romantic and wonderful imagination (such as Sudden Love), which is full of rich frontier fortress. The whole poem is full of strong subjective feelings, praising the natural scenery and showing sincere friendship in a timely manner. Poetry is rich in connotation, distinctive and unique in artistic conception, and has a strong artistic appeal. The language of the poem is clear and beautiful, and with the cooperation of rhyming changes and alternating scenes, it forms ups and downs of rhythm and melody. A poem, when two sentences turn to rhyme, or four sentences turn to rhyme, the scene must be updated: the beginning of the poem begins with a sharp voice, which matches the picture of the snow; Then the rhyme is soft and soothing, and then the beauty of "spring blossoms" appears; The following turns sluggish and astringent, and there is bitter cold in the army; ..... When the four sentences gradually come to a slow end, a horseshoe-shaped mark gradually drifts in the picture, which makes people's lower back weak. The whole Sion is well coordinated and deserves the reputation of "sound painting"