Xichun Shen Bing arrived in Japan and was praised by Weiyang. At the beginning of the night snow, he looked forward to the wheat. When you enter its city, you look around for depression and the cold water is green. Twilight gradually rises, and the defensive angle mourns. I feel sad and sad. Because of this song, the old man in Yan Qian thinks there is sadness of separation.
Huai Zuo Du Ming,
Zhu Jiachu, [1]
Take off the saddle and stay at the beginning.
Spring breeze after ten Li, [2]
All the wheat is green.
Looking at the river from Huma; [3]
Abandoned pond trees,
I still hate talking about soldiers.
Gradually dusk, clear the angle and blow the cold,
All in the empty city.
Du Lang Shang Jun [4]
Now, it's too heavy, not surprising.
When cardamom resigned,
Good carry of the brothel dream, [5]
It's hard to be affectionate.
Bridge 24 is still there, [6]
Wave heart swings, Leng Yue is silent.
Read "Bridge Red Medicine", [7]
Know who you live for every year!
Source: Southern Song Dynasty-Jiang Kui
Precautions:
[1] Huaizuo: In the Song Dynasty, Huainan East Road and Huainan West Road were set up in northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai, and Huainan East Road was also called Huaizuo. Zhuxi: The name of a pavilion in the east of Yangzhou, with beautiful scenery.
[2] Spring Breeze Shilipu: refers to the most prosperous place in Yangzhou in the past. Du Mu's "Farewell", "More than thirteen years have passed, and cardamom was crowned in early February. In Yangzhou, the spring breeze blows all over Sanli Long Street. With beaded curtains, no one can match her beauty. This poem is also Xiaque's "Cardamom Word".
[3] Looking at the river in Huma: 1 129 and 1 16 1 year, the nomads went south twice, and Yangzhou suffered heavy losses. This word is written in 1 176.
[4] Du Lang: Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is famous for his drunken poems in Yangzhou.
[5] Brothel Dream: Du Mu's "Legacy" "A dream in Yangzhou ten years later won the name of a brothel. 」
[6] Twenty-four Bridges: In the western suburbs of Yangzhou, it is said that there are twenty-four beauties playing flutes here. Du Muyou said in a poem, "On the 24th Bridge on a moonlit night, where can jade people teach flute playing?" . 」
[7] Red medicine by the bridge: The Twenty-fourth Bridge is also called Red Medicine Bridge, and there are red peonies by the bridge.
Brief analysis:
This poem was written on the solstice of winter in the third year of Xichun in Song Xiaozong (1 176). The preface before the poem explains the writing time, place and motivation. Jiang Kui, who passed by Yangzhou, witnessed the depression in Yangzhou after the war and looting, recalled the past and the present, lamented the desolation of today, and recalled the prosperity of the past, and sent it in poetry to express his nostalgia for the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and his grief over the broken mountains and rivers today.
When Baishi arrived in Yangzhou, he was only fifteen years away from Jin Zhunan, when the author was only in his twenties. As soon as this famous poem was published, it was called "Leaving Sorrow" by his uncle Xiao Dezao (an old man in Yan Qian). The article "The Book of Songs, Five Winds, Su Parting" describes that after Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, the Forbidden City died of illness and Su Gai died. Seeing this, the poet mourned for his hometown and could not bear to leave.
This poem fully embodies the author's idea that poetry should be "implicit" and "there is a aftertaste in the sentence and a meaning in the text" ("Poems of the White Stone Taoist Collection"), and it is also a rare masterpiece for poets in past dynasties to express their "parting thoughts" and endless aftertaste. Yangzhou, where the poet "takes off his saddle and stays less", is located in the south of Huaihe River and is a fascinating "famous city" in history. "The Beauty of Bamboo West" originated from Du Mu's "Yangzhou Zen Temple Title". The pavilion is called Zhuxi, which is in front of Dongshugang Temple in Yangzhou and has beautiful scenery. But after the ravages of the nomads from behind, it is now full of mutton docks. After the destruction of Huma, remnants can be seen everywhere. With the method of "less is more", the poet only took two shots: "Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat fields are green" and "the abandoned pond trees" in the city. "Green Wheat" reminds people of the poem of "Wo Su Li" repeatedly recited by ancient poets, and adds the feelings of Qingshan motherland from the unique sad color of "Green Wheat". The "waste pool" is devastated, and the "trees" are entrusted with their love for their homeland. The emotion aroused by this scenery is "still tired of talking about soldiers." Chen Tingzhuo, a Qing Dynasty man, especially appreciated this description. He said, "After writing the soldier's coffin, the scene is vivid. The word' I am tired of talking about soldiers' contains infinitely hurtful words. Others are tired of saying a thousand words and have no such charm. " ("Bai Yuzhai's Thorn", Volume II) Here, the author uses anthropomorphic methods, and even the "waste pond tree" hates the unjust war launched by the Jin people. Things are like this, let alone people! This is also an aesthetic empathy.
There are three sentences at the end of the last film: "Twilight, clear corners, cold wind, all in an empty city", but in another picture, from what I saw and heard, the atmosphere is more intense. As the sun sets, dusk falls, and the long sound of clearing horns breaks the silence of dusk, that is, it uses sound to set off silence and increase depression. The words "clearing corners and blowing cold" are beautifully written. Chill was originally the tactile feeling of the weather, but the author didn't say it was cold, but said it was "blowing cold", which linked the sadness of the horn sound with the cold weather, removed the natural causes of the cold and highlighted the artificial emotional color. It seems that the sound of the horn blew away the chill of this empty city. What you hear through hearing is the wailing of a clear horn, and what you feel through touch is the chill, and then you are associated with the "green wheat" and "waste pond trees" that you see visually. These are intertwined, and all the landscapes are unified in the "empty city" in this space. The word "all in" connects all the landscapes together. He used the word "empty" to turn the scene into emotion, to integrate the emotion in the scene with the emotion in the scene, and to write the indignation caused by leaving the empty city after the fall of the nomads from the army. I wrote that I didn't think about the recovery of the Song Dynasty, and even slightly ruined the sadness of this famous city. It also tells how the Song Dynasty relied on such an "empty city" to defend the frontier without causing people's worries and deep sorrow.
It is one of the characteristics of this poem to write scenery and express feelings by comparing the past with the present. In the first film, the past "famous city" was used to set off today's "empty city"; Take the former "Spring Breeze Ten Miles of Yangzhou Road" (Du Mu's farewell) as the contrast of today's desolate scene-"Let the wheat be green". In the following films, the past "Du Langjun Award", "Cardamom Ci" and "Dream of a brothel" were used to show off today's romance, difficulties in setting and feelings. The music of "Moonlit Night on the Twenty-four Bridges" in the past (Du Mu's article "To Han Chuo, Yangzhou Magistrate") sets off the sad scene of "the waves shake Leng Yue silently" today. The main purpose of writing Du Mu's affair in the next part is not to comment on and miss Du Mu, but to point out such an "emotion" through the method of "turning reality into emptiness": even if Du Mu is handsome and handsome, if he returns to Yangzhou now, he will be surprised by the difference between rivers and mountains. Borrowing the historical facts of Du Lang, this paper provokes the pain of "difficult to assign" and makes a comparison. The artistic description of "My heart is shaken and Leng Yue is silent" is a very fine close-up. The 24 th Bridge is still there, and the moonlit night is still there, but the romantic prosperity of "Jade Man Blowing the Flute" is gone. The poet set off the silence of "Leng Yue" with the movement of "wave heart swinging" under the bridge. Wandering in My Heart is a top view, while Silent Leng Yue was originally a top view, but when it was reflected in the water, it became a top view, which combined with the rippling water waves under the bridge to form a picture. From this picture, it seems that we can see the image of the poet bowing his head in meditation. In short, writing about the prosperity of the past is precisely to show the depression of today.
It is also one of the characteristics of this poem to make good use of predecessors' poems and virtual methods to make them unsinkable, lingering and endless. "Yangzhou Slow" makes extensive use of Du Mu's poems and poetic scenes (as many as four places), points out Du Lang's appreciation of romanticism, and integrates Du Mu's poetic scenes into his own.