In essence, the New Culture Movement is an enlightenment trend seeking China's modernization.
Hu Shi's Theory of Literary Improvement put forward "eight things to write", which also triggered the thought that the imagist poet Poundview's poetry depends on concrete images, and put forward "new poetry" that writes "concrete" and "can create vivid images that win people's attention".
The initiators of the literary revolution also introduced foreign literary ideas through translation works, bringing a fresh and modern atmosphere to the isolated literary world of China. For example, New Youth quoted Ibsen's special number and so on.
Mainly divided into the following years: 10.
No. 1 10, 19 17~ 1927.
The second year is June 10, 1928~ 1937.
The third is from July 10 to September 1937.
First of all, it is the comprehensive promotion of vernacular Chinese; Secondly, it is the widespread influx of foreign literary thoughts and the atmosphere of new literary societies, which presents unprecedented ideological emancipation achievements in the history of China; The third literary theory construction achieved initial results; Fourth, the creative achievements are remarkable.
Influenced by different literary ideas and artistic methods, writers with different creative tendencies gather into literary societies. This is of great significance to the development of literature, which makes the thought with initial theoretical consciousness fall into practice.
The Literature Research Association was founded in 192 1 1, with Zhou Zuoren, Zheng Zhenduo, Shen Yanbing and Jiang Baili as sponsors. Publications include Novel Monthly, Literary Xunkan, Poetic Drama Monthly, etc. Advocacy: The era when literature and art were regarded as games when they were happy, or as pastimes when they were frustrated, has now passed. We believe that literature is a kind of work, and it is also a very important work about life. They focus on life and social problems, paying special attention to the exposure of social darkness and the curse of gray life. On the whole, the writing of old and new conflicts tends to the realism of Russia and Europe in the19th century, and also draws lessons from naturalism, attaching importance to and emphasizing on-the-spot observation and true description.
Creation society. 192 1 was established in Tokyo in June, with members including Guo Moruo, Yu Dafu, Chen Cheng Wu Fang and Tian Hanmutian. They were all students studying in Japan at that time. Publications include Creation Magazine, Quarterly, Creation Weekly, Creation Day, Creation Monthly, Flood, etc. Their literary proposition is that they must faithfully express their inner demands and pay attention to the beauty of literature. Usually, the intuitive inspiration of literary creation respects the aesthetic function of literature.
Crescent Society, 1923 was initiated by Hu Shi, Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo, Liang Shiqiu and others in Beijing. Members are basically short-term international students studying in the United States. The influence of foreign literary thoughts they accept is very complicated, and they tend to be liberal in thought.
Other active literary societies include "Yusi School", whose members include Zhou Zuoren, Qian, Lin Yutang, Liu Bannong, Sun Fuxi and Yu Pingbo. Paying attention to social criticism and cultural criticism and speaking casually are also called diaosi style.
In the early theoretical construction of new literature, the pioneers at that time had a sense of companionship, the literary revolution reflected the historical development trend, and vernacular Chinese would inevitably replace the authentic status of classical Chinese.
However, Hu Shi theorized this knowledge, formed an acceptable concept and promoted it. Living literature can replace dead literature at any time, and the life of literature depends entirely on expressing the emotions and thoughts of an era with living tools of an era.
Zhou Zuoren demanded that the new literature should be humanitarian-oriented, and observe, study and analyze the "life problems" in society, especially the "inhuman life" of the bottom people. The author must be serious and not joking. Humanism refers to individualism as a kind of humanism. Only when a writer realizes himself and occupies the position of man can he talk about human nature and be a man.
The main difference between civilian literature is the difference of literary spirit, which refers to its universality, sincerity and the reaction of men and women in joys and sorrows.
Later, 1920, 1, Zhou Zuoren gave a speech on "The Requirements of New Literature", pointing out the disadvantages of the school of life, which was easy to talk about utilitarianism, and the tools based on literature and art became preaching on the stage. Therefore, on 1923, Zhou published a collection of critical essays, My Garden, which not only emphasized the respect for creative individuality, but also expressed the author's own feelings, and opposed the art school that regarded individuals as art, and opposed the art school that regarded art as life and advocated life.
192 1 In June, Zhou Zuoren published an article entitled "Beautiful Writing", which truly established the status of literary prose in theory. Artistic prose-style aesthetic essays with lyric narration as the main body are placed in the position of some novels, poems and plays. .
The trend and trend of literary creation, first, is the expression of rational spirit; Secondly, it is the popularity of sentimental sentiment; Third, the pursuit of individuality; Fourthly, it is an attempt to create multiple methods.