There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned.
Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and Egret Island is wet.
There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
Li Bai seldom writes prose poems, but "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" is a famous prose poem in the Tang Dynasty. This poem was written after the author returned from exile and was forgiven. One said that it was written by the author when he was driven out of Chang 'an and went south to Jinling during Tianbao years.
The first two sentences are about the legend of Phoenix TV. Of the 14 words, three phoenix words are used, but they are not too repetitive. The syllables are lively and extremely beautiful. "Phoenix Terrace" is located on the Phoenix Mountain in Jinling. According to legend, during the Yongjia period of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasties, there were phoenixes gathering on this mountain, so it was built, hence the name of the mountain and the terrace. In feudal times, the phoenix was an auspicious symbol. Phoenix's visit symbolizes the prosperity of the dynasty; Now that the Phoenix has gone to Taiwan, the prosperity of the Six Dynasties is gone forever. Only the water of the Yangtze River is still flowing, which is natural and eternal!
Three or four sentences further develop the meaning of "Phoenix going to Taiwan". Wu and Dong Jin in the Three Kingdoms period were based in Jinling. The poet said with emotion that the once prosperous court of Wu was deserted, and the romantic figures of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had already been buried in the ground. What valuable things did the mysterious harmony of that moment leave in history?
The poet did not immerse his feelings in mourning for history. He turned his eyes to nature and endless rivers: "Three mountains and a half fall out of the sky, and Egret Island is full of water." The "Three Mountains" are located on the Yangtze River in the southwest of Jinling. The three peaks are juxtaposed and connected with the north and south. Lu You's Book of Entering Shu says, "Sanshan Mountain, Zishi Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain, is there a middle ear?" And after that, it's only more than 50 miles from Jinling. "Lu You's" presence or absence "just means" falling into the sky ". Li Bai wrote the half-hidden and half-present of the three mountains just right. " Egret Island ",the west Yangtze River in Jinling, divides the Yangtze River in two, so it is said that" Egret Island is divided into two waters ". These two poems are magnificent and neat, and they are rare good sentences.
After all, Li Bai is concerned with reality. He wants to see further, from Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. However, "a cloud rose between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart." These two poems have profound implications. Chang 'an is the seat of the imperial court, and the sun is the symbol of the emperor. Lu Jia's "Shen Xinyu Micro-essay" said: "Evil officials cover up the virtuous, just like clouds cover up the sun and the moon." Li Bai's two poems imply that the emperor is surrounded by evil spirits and he can't serve the country. His mood is very painful. The word "Deng" in the poem "See Chang 'an" is touching and sad, which means fable and has endless aftertaste. According to legend, Li Bai admired Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower, and wanted to compete with the winner, so he wrote the poem On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace. There are similar records in Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua and Chronicle of Tang Poetry, which may be credible. This poem is Cui Shi's arch-rival, as Fang Hui said in Ying Kui Fa Jing: "Metric momentum, A and B are not easy". In terms of rhyme, both poems are intended to rhyme. The language is also fluent and natural, uncut, chic and beautiful. As a masterpiece, Shi Li has its own characteristics. He wrote his own unique feelings, interwoven with historical allusions, immediate scenery and the poet's own feelings, and expressed his concern for the country and the people, with far-reaching implications.
(Yuan Xingpei)
Li Bai's poetry and song creation, impassioned songs, songs with less sorrow and less resentment, ups and downs, open and close, wanton Wang Yang, unrestrained and unrestrained, full of extremely strong romanticism and unique artistic style.
"Being fresh in starting a government, Jun Yibao joined the army", "Putting pen to paper scares the wind and rain, and poetry makes the gods cry". Du Fu said this about the artistic style of Li Bai's poems.
"Speak out of heaven and earth, thinking about ghosts and gods. Reading is fascinating, and measuring is four-hearted. " Pi Rixiu said this about the artistic style of Li Bai's poems.
"Zhang Ruole is in the wilderness of Dongting, headless and tailless, and does not care about old habits. No one can mention it." Chen Shidao also said the same thing about the artistic style of Li Bai's poems.
In many discussions about the artistic style of Li Bai's poems, perhaps Yan Yu's summary is the most accurate and appropriate, and his life is elegant. Yan Yu also quoted the different artistic styles of Du Li's poetics in Cang Shi Lang Hua, saying that "the beauty of a son cannot be too white and indecent, too white and not depressed". The so-called elegant people, as Mr. Yuan Xingpei explained, are "like spring smoke, like autumn, like sky flying, like sea waves, unrestrained and free-spirited, heroic and talented, without trace".
Li Bai, with elegant style, seldom writes metrical poems because of his bold personality and advocating the aesthetic of "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and nature carves itself". However, genius is a genius after all. Although Li Bai seldom writes metrical poems, his "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" is very famous and is considered as the first of the seven laws.
This poem was written during the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai was ordered to "return the gold to the mountain" and go to Jinling in the south. The whole poem sings and sighs with what I saw and felt when I boarded the Phoenix Terrace, and combines historical changes through the ages with long-lost legends and stories to express my deep historical feelings and sober realistic thinking.
In the first two sentences, Li Bai begins with the legend of Phoenix Terrace, expressing his feelings about the changes of time and space. "Phoenix, which used to play here, so that this place is named after them, has now abandoned it and come to this desolate river" is natural, lively and fluent; Although three "phoenix" words are used in the fourteen words, it doesn't make people feel repetitive at all, and there is no such rigid problem as common poems. Phoenix Terrace is located in the southwest of Jinling Old Town. According to Jiangnan Tongzhi, "Phoenix Terrace is in the southwest corner of Jiangning Fucheng, and there is Toby, so you can still visit it. In the sixteenth year of Song Yuanjia, there were three birds in the mountain, which looked like peacocks, and there were countless birds attached to them, called phoenix. rise
Taiwan Province is on the mountain, called Phoenix Mountain and Phoenix Lane. Li Bai's use of "Phoenix Terrace" is not an ordinary emotional expression, but an organic one. Since ancient times, the phoenix has always been regarded as auspicious, which is related to the development of society: in a beautiful era, the phoenix bird descended from the sky and made a sound of nature. Therefore, the appearance of phoenix birds mostly shows the meaning of praise. However, the Phoenix that Li Bai first pointed out here is just the opposite: he expresses the infinite feelings caused by prosperity and perishable, and sacred time is hard to exist, only eternal scenery. The Yuanjia era, which attracted the phoenix, is gone forever, and so is the prosperous Six Dynasties.
After a long time, only the vastness of the Yangtze River and the majestic Phoenix Mountain are still endless.
Starting from the changing time and space of "Phoenix goes to Taiwan", the three or four sentences of "the path of Wugong is crooked and the golden clothes are ancient dust" continue to explore its enlightenment significance. Wu Dadi, who gave birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou, a romantic figure in the Six Dynasties and many rulers have all been buried in graves and become traces of history; Even the magnificent palace is now deserted and dilapidated, a piece of broken walls. What memorable things did Xuanhe and Shengshi leave to history? It contains Li Bai's unique historical feelings. Those noble philosophers who "laugh at the ancients, get heaven near the city" and "don't reward their merits, and go home for a long time" have won special respect from Li Bai. At the same time, Li Bai dared to despise feudal order and break the spiritual bondage of traditional idols, so that he despised Yao and Shun, laughed at him and made friends with princes on an equal footing, and made great efforts to this end. Therefore, Li Bai has no regrets about the disappearance of these emperors except some regrets. Then, when he focused his historical eyes on those emperors, his contempt was obvious. Flowers and plants flourish, the world remains the same, and everything changes and develops according to the law. This is history, this is the rise and fall of the times!
"Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and a water separates Egret Island." The next two sentences show that Li Bai did not completely immerse his thoughts in mourning for history, but turned his profound eyes to his feelings about nature. Sanshan Mountain is also a place, which is said to be on the river southwest of Jinling. According to "Ding Jing Jiankangzhi", "Its mountains are lush, the three peaks are juxtaposed, and the north and south are connected, so it is named Sanshan". According to Lu You's "Entering Shu", "Three mountains are seen from the stone and the Phoenix Tower, and there is no middle ear, only more than 50 miles away from Jinling." Lu You's "making something out of nothing" just illustrates the looming scene description of "three mountains and half a fall". Especially the "Egret Island" in the middle of the river, which spans the west Yangtze River in Jinling, actually divides the Yangtze River into two halves. As a result, the huge and broad natural forces give people a strong momentum and broad mind, and also bring people back to reality from historical reverie and feel the eternity of nature again.
Although Li Bai has an ideal desire to transcend the secular world, he has always been concerned about real politics and social life, so after a cordial visit to history and nature, he turned his attention to real politics. He looked far and wide, trying to look from the imperial capital of the Six Dynasties to the power center at that time, that is, Chang 'an, the capital in his heart. However, his efforts failed because "a cloud appeared between the light of heaven and me" and he had to "hide his city from my melancholy heart". As a result, the clouds are long, the sorrow is infinite, the ambition is hard to pay, and the sorrow is like a wisp. Here, Li Bai used the phrase "evil ministers cover up the sages, but it is still an obstacle to the clouds" in Lu Jia's New Theory and Cautious Articles.
The saying "the sun and the moon are also" is used to put it in your inner arm. His pain, his hatred of disease and evil, and his "we will drown the sorrow of generations!" " It seems easy to understand. In particular, the word "not seen in Chang 'an" contains the meaning of "climbing high and looking far", which not only echoes distant topics, but also smears infinite feelings into rivers with water and sky, towering green hills and clear and boundless sky. In this way, the feelings in the heart and the scenery in the eyes are also intertwined, so the beauty of mountains and waters reflects the thoughts of the ancients, which have been thought for thousands of years; The river is surging, and today people are bitter and resentful, and the rhyme is endless.
Li Bai is a talented poet, belonging to a great poet full of creative genius. However, only Li Bai came to the Yellow Crane Tower, but failed to be faithful, and "Chizhi" took Wan Li Road. The reason is also very simple. As the saying goes, "there is a scene in front of you, and Cui Haoshi is on it." Therefore, the "fallen immortal poet" is uncomfortable and unwilling to compete with Cui Haobi; So he "wrote poems on the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling in order to imitate them", and he didn't stop until he wrote "On Landing in Nanjing to the Phoenix Terrace", which can be compared with the poems on the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao.
Although this is a rumor, it is also quite suitable for Li Bai's character. "On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" won the praise of "similar to the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, but the rhythm is not easy". In fact, Li Bai's On the Phoenix Terrace and Cui Hao's Poems on the Yellow Crane Tower are both homesick Shuang Bao!
The artistic features of Li Bai's "Going to Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" are first manifested in its bold spirit. Qi was originally a philosophical concept, which was widely used since the pre-Qin period. Cao Pi's articles on Qi in Wei and Jin Dynasties took Qi as an important content and applied it to many artistic categories. Although the theorists have different understandings of alignment, they are consistent in ideological temperament, personality spirit and artistic sentiment. Li Bai's "On Ascending Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" is obviously permeated with a vigorous and broad spirit, which makes Li Bai dominate the whole world instantly and be detached from things.
Things outside are free to play. The profound spirit makes Li Baiyuan's profound thoughts, incisive opinions and broad mind become the core and spiritual connotation of weaving great artistic realm. Just as we can feel the pulse of history and the poet's breath through the huge three-dimensional space-time of "three mountains and a half fall in the sky, one Egret Island is divided into one water", we can further feel the artistic characteristics of his whole poetry by taking advantage of Li Bai's efforts to lift weights lightly and calmly and fill the whole poetic realm with lofty spirit.
The artistic feature of Li Bai's "Going to Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace" lies in the perfect expression of the concept of time and space. This is not only reflected in his understanding of history and nature, but also in his expression method of constructing the artistic realm of time and space. Li Bai emphasized the immortality of nature, on the one hand, he publicized his world outlook of "the unity of things and me" centered on nature, on the other hand, he exposed the ruling myth in history. Because since ancient times, almost all rulers have preached that their generations are immortal and their spirit is immortal, and they have also instilled such a model into people's ideology, which is convincing. However, Li Bai does not agree with this. he
That is, an extremely powerful ruler, just like Qin Shihuang, can "swing a sword and set the clouds, and the princes will come to the West." Judging from the apocalypse, it is inevitable that he will finally "see the cold ashes buried in the golden coffin under the three springs" (the third ancient style). Therefore, in Li Bai's view, of all things in the universe, only nature can achieve eternal existence.
All the prosperity and extravagance will disappear; If they still exist, they seem to exist only as a contrast with nature. In addition, Li Bai chose the most typical thing, that is, the mixture of "three mountains and a half waterfalls" and "separated by a water", to construct a broad realm to express the changes of history, that is, the changes of time and the same place, that is, the same space, to inspire people to think deeply.
The artistic feature of Li Bai's On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing lies in its unique and natural language. Because poetry takes mountains and rivers as clues, it is particularly important to pursue the harmony between images and scenery. The soaring of "Phoenix" and the neatness of "emptiness" of "Phoenix Tower" are obviously consistent with the poet's natural and unrestrained temperament and slightly sentimental feelings, and their meanings are in harmony, which has played a role in echoing both inside and outside. In addition, the inner spirit of the whole song Boarding, the coldness of Burying a Quiet Song and Chengguqiu, the natural state of "three mountains and one water", the melancholy of "floating clouds" and the helplessness of not seeing "Chang 'an" are all closely linked by appropriate word chains, thus being worthy of it.
Li Bai's poem "On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing" has become a unique phoenix aria in the history of literature with its broad-minded and slightly hazy tone.