1. Poems about mathematics
1. There is no colorful phoenix flying wings in the body, but there is a clear understanding in the heart.
——"Two Untitled Poems" by Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty
2. The white emperor's speech among the colorful clouds, thousands of miles to Jiangling, returned in one day.
——"Early Departure from Baidi City" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
3. I know from afar that my brothers have climbed to a high place, and there is one less person planted with dogwood trees.
——"Reminiscences of Shandong Brothers on September 9th" by Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty
4. Stop and sit in the maple forest at night, the frost leaves are as red as the February flowers.
——"Mountain Journey" by Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty
5. The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and the bronze bird spring locks Er Qiao deeply.
——"Red Cliff" by Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty
6. Beyond the blue sky, three mountains are halfway down, and Bailuzhou is divided into two waters.
——"Ascending the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
7. The flying stream falls three thousand feet, which is suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky.
——"Looking at the Lushan Waterfall" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
8. Whoever speaks of the heart of an inch of grass will be rewarded with three rays of spring.
——"Wandering Son's Song" by Meng Jiao of Tang Dynasty
9. The war rages on for three months, and a letter from home is worth ten thousand gold.
——"Spring Hope" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty
10. The beauty of April in the world is gone, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom.
——"Peach Blossoms in Dalin Temple" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty
11. I heard the plum blossoms blowing in the morning wind, and the snow piles were all over the four mountains.
——"Plum Blossom" by Lu You of the Song Dynasty
12. After all, the scenery of West Lake in June is different from that of the four seasons.
——"Sent Off to Lin Zifang from Jingci Temple at Dawn" by Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty
13. The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the Wujin.
——"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuchuan" by Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
14. The jade flute is played in the Yellow Crane Tower, and the plum blossoms fall in May in Jiangcheng.
——"Listening to the Flute Playing in the Yellow Crane Tower with Lang Qin," Tang Dynasty. Li Bai
15. No wonder the joy is so melancholy that the whole family wants to go on a boat on the five lakes.
——"A Confidant at the Bi Xun Banquet" Tang Dynasty. Cao Ye
Appreciation of "The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and the bronze bird spring locks two Qiao deeply"
Full text:
"Red Cliff"
The broken halberd sinks in the sand, but the iron is not sold.
I will be able to recognize my previous dynasty.
The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang,
Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply.
Notes:
1. Broken halberd sinking in the sand: a broken halberd sank into the sand; halberd: a kind of weapon.
2. East wind: Soochow used fire attacks to attack Cao Ying in the west with the help of east wind.
3. Zhou Lang: Zhou Yu, commander of the Wu army.
4. Er Qiao: The two beauties of Wu Kingdom, Da Qiao married the king of Wu Kingdom; Xiao Qiao married Zhou Yu.
Translation:
The broken halberd sank in the sand, but it has not been melted for six hundred years;
I took it and washed it myself, and recognized it as the red cliff. Used for war.
If the east wind had not facilitated Zhou Yu's fire attack;
Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao would have been locked up in the Tongque Tower by Cao Cao. 2. Ancient poems about mathematics
There are many ancient poems about numbers. Here is an example of "Pagoda Lighting":
1. Pagoda Lighting
This is a question in the "Nine Chapters of Algorithm and Analogy" written by Wu Jingzian, a mathematician from the Ming Dynasty. The title is:
Looking at the seventh floor of the towering tower from a distance, the red lights are multiplying.
***Lights three hundred and eighty-one, how many lights are there on the top floor?
Solution:
Sum of multiples of each layer:
1+2+4+8+16+32+64=127
Number of lights on the top floor: 381÷127=3 (cups)
2. Introduction to the work:
Jiuzhdng suanfa bileidaquan (Jiuzhdng suanfa bileidaquan) is also known as "Nine Chapters Detailed Notes" "Comprehensive Collection of Comparison Algorithms". An arithmetic book from the early Ming Dynasty. The first of the ten volumes was written by Wu Jing in the Ming Dynasty and was completed in 1450.
The first volume of the book is "Examples of Multiplication, Division and Square Extraction", which aims to explain the basic theory of algorithms and lists the notation of large numbers, notation of decimals, units of weights and measures, the four arithmetic operations of integers and fractions, positioning, and division. Squares, differences and other terms are explained one by one in the form of poetry. The beginning of the volume also proposes a "writing algorithm" that has never appeared in previous Chinese mathematics works: according to the number of digits in the multiplication of two numbers, draw the square accordingly. , place the two multipliers above and to the right of the square, choose a direction to draw the diagonal line of each square, and write the product of each two numbers in the corresponding square, with the tens digit at the top and the ones digit at the bottom. Write the rules, and then add the diagonal rows one by one to get the digits of the product required. Volumes 1 to 9 are a compilation of solutions to more than 1,400 applied problems. They follow the style of "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" and belong to Fangtian, Millet, and Shaanxi. Nine categories are divided, Shao Guang, Shang Gong, Loss of Loss, Insufficiency of Profit, Equation, and Pythagorean. Each volume includes three parts: ancient questions, poems, and analogies: ancient questions are mostly based on the content of "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" and are also adapted from Yang Hui's "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic". Detailed explanation of the contents of books such as "Nine Chapters of Algorithms"; poems are based on songs to express calculations; analogies are similar to algorithms, and are combined with practical problems at that time, including commodity exchange, partnership, interest calculation, and distribution of goods (compensation based on the price of goods) Fees), etc. Volume 10 "Various Square Roots", including square root, cube root, higher power root and strip root from square and strip from cube. The method used is "Li Cheng Release Lock Method" instead of "Multiplication Method" ". This book mainly introduces the planning method, but also mentions the abacus. This book is now handed down as an engraving in the first year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1488).
3. Introduction to the author:
Wu Jing, whose courtesy name is Xinmin and whose title is called Yiweng. A native of Renhe, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou). He once served as the chief envoy of Zhejiang Province and the shogunate. His birth and death dates are unknown, but he lived around 1450 in the 15th century. He was a mathematician during the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty in China and the author of "Nine Chapters of Algorithms and Analogies". 3. Looking for poems describing mathematics
Ancient Chinese poetry is an important part of Chinese civilization and a treasure of literature.
In the garden of literature, some poems are often married to mathematics, such as embedding numbers into poems, and some poems are just a mathematical problem. When you read couplet poems, you not only improve your literary accomplishment, but also learn to solve problems, and you can also enjoy the beauty.
1. Mathematics into poetry. After walking for two or three miles, there were four or five houses in Yancun, six or seven pavilions, and eighty or ninety flowers. This is a poem by Shao Yong in the Song Dynasty describing the scenery along the way. It has 20 characters and uses all 10 numbers.
This poem uses numbers to reflect distance, villages, pavilions and flowers. It is popular and natural in a popular way. One piece, two pieces, three or four pieces, five pieces, six pieces, seven or eight pieces.
Nine, ten, and countless pieces flew into the plum blossoms and disappeared. This is a snow plum poem written by Lin Hejing in the Ming Dynasty. The whole poem is written with numerals indicating the number of snowflakes.
After reading, it feels like you are in a snowy environment. The falling snowflakes are from few to many. When flying into the plum forest, it is difficult to distinguish whether it is snowflakes or plum blossoms. One brood, two broods, three or four broods, five broods, six broods, seven or eight broods, eating all the royal millet, how many phoenixes there are.
This is a "Sparrow" poem written by Wang Anshi, a politician, writer, and thinker in the Song Dynasty. He saw that many officials in the Northern Song Dynasty were hungry, corrupt, and opposed to reforms, so he compared them to sparrows and satirized them.
One pole, one oar, one fishing boat, one fisherman and one fishing hook, one bow and one laugh, one person monopolizes the river and autumn. This is Ji Xiaolan's ten "one" poems from the Qing Dynasty.
It is said that when Emperor Qianlong was on a tour to the south, he saw a fishing boat rowing on the river one day, so he asked Ji Xiaolan to write a poem with the theme of fishing, and asked to use ten "one" characters in the poem. Ji Xiaolan quickly recited a poem, describing the scenery and mood. It was natural, appropriate, and full of charm. No wonder Qianlong kept saying: "What a genius!" As soon as he entered the second and third halls, there were four or five beds and six or seven cigarette lamps. Eighty or ninety guns.
In the late Qing Dynasty, opium was so popular that almost everyone in government offices did not smoke it, and all government offices were almost turned into opium dens. Someone imitated Shao Yong and wrote this enlightenment poem to satirize it.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru said goodbye to his wife Zhuo Wenjun and left Chengdu to go to Chang'an to seek fame. After five years, he did not write a letter home because he wanted to divorce his wife. Later, he wrote a letter that was difficult for Zhuo Wenjun and sent it to Chengdu.
After Zhuo Wenjun received the letter, he opened it and saw that it read "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, one, one, two, three, seven, six, five, four, three, two, ". She immediately wrote back a lyrical poem that made her cry: After a farewell, the two places were separated from each other. They only said it was March or April, but who knew that in five or six years, I had no intention of playing the lyre, and there was no letter to pass on the eight-line script. The nine-link chain is broken from it, and I can see through the ten-mile long pavilion. I have hundreds of thoughts and thousands of thoughts, and I have no choice but to call the maid.
There are thousands of words to complain about, and I am bored and idle for ten days. I watch the lonely geese on the Double Ninth Festival. In August, the moon is full in the Mid-Autumn Festival and people are not round. In the middle of July, I burn incense and light candles to worship my ancestors and ask the sky. In June, people are in the dog days. I feel chilled by people shaking fans. In May, the pomegranates are like fire but cold rain water the flowers. In April, the loquats are not yet yellow and I am too lazy to dress up. In March, the peach blossoms are blown away by the wind! Lang, Lang, I wish that in my second life you would be a girl and I would be a boy. Sima Xiangru was deeply moved after reading it and personally returned to Sichuan to take Zhuo Wenjun to Chang'an.
From then on, he devoted himself to learning and finally became a literary giant.
2. Interesting Questions about Poetry 1. Mathematics is an abstract thinking activity and has nothing to do with poetry. However, the Qing Dynasty poet Xu Ziyun actually combined "abstraction" and "image" to create this mathematical poem: The towering ancient temple is in the mountains and forests, I don’t know how many monks there are in the temple.
Three hundred and sixty-four bowls, see if they are all available. Three people eat one bowl of rice, and four people eat one bowl of soup.
Could you tell me sir, who knows how many monks there are in the temple? The meaning of the poem is: There are three hundred and sixty-four bowls in the temple. If three monks eat one bowl of rice and four monks eat one bowl of soup, then every monk will have something to eat. *How many monks are there? "Zhou Jin is not bad at all" means that it is very accurate, and the late number is just like this, not bad at all. Obviously, this algebraic problem can be solved by junior high school students with just a little use of their brains - assuming the number of monks is x, list the following algebraic formula: In the book "Algorithm Unification" written by the great mathematician Cheng Dawei, there is a mathematical application problem in the form of poetry called the Hundred Sheep Problem.
A is driving a flock of sheep toward lush grass, and B is dragging a sheep after him. He playfully asks A if he can reach a hundred? What Jia Yun said is correct. With such a group of people, and half a small group of people added to it, you only need one person to make it together. Who can guess the mystery? The meaning of this question is: A shepherd is driving a group of sheep to find a place with lush grass. A man leading a sheep followed from behind and asked the shepherd: "Do you have a flock of 100 sheep?" The shepherd said: "If I have another flock of sheep like this, plus the number of sheep in this flock, Half and a quarter of the flock, together with your sheep, is exactly 100.
"Who can use a clever method to find out how many sheep there are? The solution to this question is: (100-1)÷(1+1+1/2+1/4)=36 3. Li Bai makes wine. Li Bai walks on the street, carrying a pot to make wine; when he meets a shop, he doubles the amount. Drink a bucket of flowers when you see them; drink up all the wine in the pot when you meet flowers in a shop three times. How much wine was originally in the jug? This is a folk math problem.
The meaning of the question is: Li Bai was walking on the street, holding a jug and drinking wine. Every time he met a hotel, he doubled the wine in the jug, and every time he met a flower, he drank a handful of it. (A dou is an ancient unit of capacity, 1 dou = 10 liters). In this way, you will meet the shop and the flowers 3 times each, and finish the wine. Ask how much wine was originally in the pot? This problem is solved using equations.
Suppose there is a bucket of wine x in the pot. We get [(2x-1)*2-1]*2-1=0, and the solution is x=7/8.
4. One hundred buns and one hundred monks. There is such a question in "Algorithm Tongzong" written by Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in the Ming Dynasty: One hundred buns and one hundred monks, three senior monks will not increase; three junior monks will not increase. One person, how many dice are there for each big and small monk? This problem can be solved using the hypothesis method. Now assume that there are 100 big monks, (3*100-100)÷(3-1÷3) =75 (people)………… The number of young monks is 100-75=25 (people) The number of big monks is 5. The dumb man buys meat This is also an arithmetic problem in Cheng Dawei's "Algorithm of the Tongzong": A dumb man comes to buy meat, and it is hard to tell the amount of money. A pound is less than forty, and nine taels is more than sixteen.
For those who can count, how much meat do you have today? The meaning of this question can be clearly understood by using a line segment diagram. It can be seen from the picture: The price of every tael of meat is: (416)÷(16-9)=8 (text) The money the dumb guy brings: 8*16-40=88 (text) The meat that the dumb guy can buy: 88÷8=11 (two) (Note: 1 catty in the old system = 16 taels) 6. Timely pear fruit There is such a title in the "Siyuan Jade Mirror" compiled by Zhu Shijie, a mathematician in the Yuan Dynasty in 1303: Nine hundred.
4. Poems about mathematics
The majestic ancient temple is located in the mountains and forests. I don’t know how many monks there are. There are three hundred and sixty-four bowls. It seems that there is no shortage of them. Three people eat one bowl of rice. , four people eat a bowl of soup together. Could you please tell me how many monks there are in the temple? The meaning of the poem is: There are three hundred and sixty-four bowls in the temple. If three monks eat one bowl of rice and four monks eat one bowl of soup, then every monk will have something to eat. *How many monks are there? "Zhou Jin Bu Cha Zheng" means very accurate, and the late numbers are just like this, not bad at all. Obviously, this algebra problem can be solved by junior high school students with just a little use of their brains - let the number of monks be x, and list the following algebraic formula Sub: x/3+x/4=364, x=624.2. The Hundred Sheep Problem. In the book "Algorithm Tongzong" written by Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in the Ming Dynasty, there is a mathematical application problem in the form of a poem called the Hundred Sheep Problem. A is driving a flock of sheep toward the lush grass, and B is dragging a sheep after him. He jokingly asks A if he can reach a hundred? What Jia Yun said is correct. To get such a group together, and add half a group of smaller groups, you only need one to make it together. Who can guess the mystery? The meaning of this question is: A shepherd was driving a group of sheep to find a place with lush green grass. A man leading a sheep followed from behind and asked the shepherd: "Do you have 100 sheep?" The shepherd said: "If I have another group of sheep like this, plus half and a quarter of this group of sheep, together with your sheep, there will be exactly 100." Who can find this ingeniously? How many sheep are there in the flock? The solution to this question is: (100-1) ÷ (1+1+1/2+1/4) = 36. 3. Li Bai makes wine. Li Bai walks on the street, carrying a pot to make wine; when he meets a shop, he doubles the amount. When I see flowers, I drink a cup. When I meet flowers in a shop three times, I drink up all the wine in the jug. How much wine is in the jug? This is a folk arithmetic question. The meaning of the question is: Li Bai was walking on the street, holding a jug and drinking wine. Every time he met a hotel, he would double the wine in the jug. Every time he met a flower, he would drink a bunch of it. (A dou is an ancient unit of capacity, 1 dou = 10 liters). In this way, you meet the shop and the flowers 3 times each, and drink the wine. Ask how much wine was originally in the pot? This problem is solved with an equation. Assume that there are x buckets of wine in the pot. We get [(2x-1)*2-1]*2-1=0, and the solution is x=7/8.4. One hundred buns, one hundred monks, a great mathematician in the Ming Dynasty There is such a question in the "Algorithm of Tongzong" written by Cheng Dawei: One hundred steamed buns and one hundred monks, three senior monks will not increase; three junior monks will share one, how many buns will each have for the big and small monks? This question can be solved by the hypothesis method. Now assume that there are 100 big monks, (3*100-100)÷(3-1÷3)=75 (people)... The number of young monks is 100-75=25 (people) The number of monks is 5. The mute man buys meat. This is also an arithmetic problem in Cheng Dawei's "Algorithm of the Tongzong": The mute man comes to buy meat, and it is hard to say the amount of money. A pound is less than forty, and nine taels is more than sixteen. Let me ask those who can calculate, How much meat is there today? .