Athena Chu Eundu
Interpretation refers to the work of preventing and punishing drug crimes, protecting citizens' physical and mental health and maintaining social order. In other words, it is a social custom reform work to use the power of administrative decrees and mass supervision to urge people who smoke or inject opium and substitute narcotics to quit their addiction, and to restrict and prohibit the cultivation, storage, manufacture, transshipment and sale of drugs and appliances. Also known as smoking and drug control.
The Anti-drug Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) passed by the NPC Standing Committee from June 5 to February 38, 2007 stipulates that "anti-drug is the common responsibility of the whole society. State organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions, other organizations and citizens shall perform their duties or obligations in drug control in accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws. " "Anti-drug work adheres to the principle of putting prevention first, comprehensive management, planting prohibition, drug control and drug control simultaneously. The anti-drug work is under the unified leadership of the government, and the relevant departments have their own responsibilities, and the society is widely involved. " "the State Council has established the National Narcotics Control Committee, which is responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the national drug control work. Local people's governments at or above the county level may, according to the needs of drug control work, set up drug control committees to be responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding drug control work within their respective administrative areas. " "The people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate drug control work into the national economic and social development plan and include drug control funds in the fiscal budget at the corresponding level." "The state encourages the society to contribute to the anti-drug cause, and gives tax incentives according to law." The state encourages scientific and technological research on anti-drug and promotes advanced anti-drug technologies, equipment and methods for drug rehabilitation. "The state encourages citizens to report drug crimes. People's governments at all levels and relevant departments shall protect informants and commend and reward those who have made meritorious reports and units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in drug control work. "
drup prohibition/ban drugs
Drug abuse is a serious social problem in many countries in the world. Drug abuse has caused serious consequences such as the increase of social crimes beyond national boundaries and the loss of personal personality, which has attracted the attention of the international community. 1909, 19 12, 1 924,1,1in February, 1925, the Shanghai International Anti-Smoking Conference was held respectively. After the Second World War, especially since the 1970s and 1980s, the international community has launched an all-round struggle against drug abuse and drug smuggling.
China suffered from opium poisoning in history. In the fifth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1727), the British and Indian colonial government, the East India Company and opium smugglers dumped opium to China successively. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), 40,000 boxes of opium were imported into China. China spends about 5 million taels of silver every year on drug abuse. China's social economy, national defense, people's health and family life are deeply damaged and destroyed by opium. In the 18th year of Daoguang, the Qing government once again ordered a ban on smoking, and sent Lin Zexu, governor of Huguang, to inspect Guangdong. Lin Zexu, who arrived in Guangzhou in March of the following year, severely banned smoking and launched a famous opium collection and destruction movement at the no-smoking place in Humen, but he was opposed and interfered by imperialism. The ban was never implemented after the Opium War. During the Republic of China, the national government once announced the prohibition of smoking and drugs, but it did not ban them. Some officials protect drug trafficking activities, supply planes, ships and armed forces, and facilitate drug traffickers to smuggle and transport drugs, resulting in the proliferation of tobacco drugs.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the State Council, the central people's government, issued the General Order on the Prohibition of Opium Smoking in February 1950 and May 1952 respectively, and began a large-scale mass campaign to ban smoking and drugs throughout the country. On the basis of general publicity and education, this campaign mobilized and relied on the broad masses of the people, and adopted the policy of banning seeds, selling, smoking and smoking at the same time, and implemented the policy of combining compulsory prohibition with conscious prohibition. The main policies are: ① Prohibition of planting. Mobilize the masses to consciously not grow opium, and give loans, free food seeds and relief funds to those who have difficulties in replanting crops. For growers who don't listen to advice, eradicate their tobacco seedlings, and punish and sanction the ringleaders who disobey the ban and organize tobacco planting. (2) Prohibition of trafficking and manufacturing. Generally, checkpoints are set up at major traffic routes to stop trafficking, mobilize the masses to report criminals who sell and manufacture tobacco and drugs, and seal up all cigarette houses and strongholds. Call on drug traffickers and drug makers to register with government agencies, hand over drugs and appliances, and give a lighter or exempted punishment to those who repent and turn over a new leaf and report meritorious deeds; Those who commit serious crimes and refuse to repent will be severely punished. ③ Smoking is prohibited. After investigation and registration, we found out the situation of smokers and adopted three ways to quit smoking: First, quit smoking at home. After the smokers register, they make a plan to quit smoking and implement it by themselves, and their families and street workers supervise and inspect it. The second is to set up a small smoking cessation group with mutual help of the masses, concentrate smokers on quitting smoking, strengthen supervision and management of smokers, and improve the effect. Third, the government has set up smoking cessation centers to mainly absorb some poor, heavy smokers or smokers who have failed to quit smoking. After entering the smoking cessation center, give them smoking cessation drugs, organize them to study and participate in light labor, conduct supervision and education, consolidate the results and prevent duplication. By the end of 1953, opium cultivation, drug manufacturing, drug trafficking and opium consumption were generally banned throughout the country, and 4 million drug addicts quit one after another, and the campaign against smoking and drugs ended successfully. The ban on smoking and drugs in China has saved and reformed a large number of drug addicts, changed the bad social atmosphere and promoted the development of social transformation.
Anti-drug poetry
1, Afeng, his wife and children are separated, and guns are heard;
Half a piece of tin foil burned the beams of the field, but there was no fire.
2, opium three points, the hero of the world is a dead end;
Four times, rich children are poor.
3, if you don't put it aside, it is really bitter;
People can become people.
4, bad habits are good;
Stubborn diseases are difficult to treat.
-this is the patriotic general Zhang Xueliang's drug rehabilitation meeting.
5. "Drug rehabilitation words"
Natural poison is too lingering, and fate already knows it.
I didn't realize until now that I just hate the past.
The countryside of the house is getting more and more empty, and the life of the poor is sighing.
Smoke will kill all ambitions. Ask yourself how shameful it is to see your ancestors.
6, Lin Gongduan loves orange ginseng, and rice shells cover flowers and stir-fry jujube kernels.
The famous prescription Pinellia ternata is baked with ginger charcoal, and Poria cocos and Lycium barbarum are beneficial to intelligence.
-Lin Zexu's "Broken Yin Pill"
7, lonely cold window empty,
Xiaoyao channel is anti-lost.
8. Advise our people,
Don't smoke,
All internal organs are suffering.
Sweet as honey, really poisonous,
Think about it,
It was too late to die.
-Quit smoking songs
9. It is best to stay away from drugs.
Always obey the law and dream of peace of mind.
10 since the injury,
How many heroes,
The bullet hit the high bed.
Drug control education materials
Drugs are a global disaster and the enemy of all mankind. At present, the increasingly serious drug tide in the world not only seriously endangers human health and corrupts social atmosphere, but also directly leads to and induces various crimes, threatening global political stability and economic development. It has become the common aspiration of people all over the world to contain, reduce and eventually eliminate drug crimes, and combating drug crimes has become a severe task faced by judicial organs all over the world. In the process of detoxification, we found that many drug addicts were tricked into taking drugs because they didn't understand drugs, and some abused drugs for the purpose of "treating diseases", and as a result, they became addicted to drugs and could not extricate themselves! In order to educate teenagers, so as to achieve the purpose of understanding drug knowledge, detoxification and anti-drug, our hospital's drug rehabilitation center has formulated this manual, aiming at strengthening anti-drug publicity and education and raising the awareness of the whole people, hoping to play a certain role in controlling the spread of drug abuse.
I. Overview of drugs
Drugs refer to opium, heroin, morphine, marijuana, cocaine and other narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs that can make people addicted. They have the same characteristics as divination: (65,438+0) there is an irresistible force to force smokers to keep using the drug and get it by hook or by crook; (2) there is a tendency to increase the dosage for continuous use; (3) there is a tendency to increase the dosage for the drug.
Second, susceptible population and environment.
Theoretically, under certain circumstances and conditions, anyone can become a drug addict. However, in real life, some people are more likely to get addicted to drugs and are considered easy to abuse drugs. There are still some people, although all conditions are the same, but the possibility of taking drugs is very small, and they are also considered as non-drug users. Of course, so the susceptible population is relative, and it must be sensitive in a certain environment and in the presence of drugs. Common susceptible groups are as follows.
(1) People who have bad personality and behavior since childhood.
People with bad personality have the following manifestations: they don't abide by social customs, lack self-esteem and depressive experience, are easily controlled by the external environment, can't stand setbacks, have poor social benefits, and lack patience and desire to learn; Alienation from family, mental pain, ignoring rules and regulations, seeking sensory stimulation; In his early years, he had the habit of drinking and smoking, playing truant and lying, pursuing independence and freedom, lacking interest in achievements and goals, being critical of society, deviant in behavior, and having closer relations with his peers than his parents. Behavioral problems are reinforced by partners.
(2) Teenagers
Teenagers who are inexperienced and lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong are more likely to be deceived, especially those who have poor family education, decadent outlook on life, strong vanity, love ostentation and extravagance, emotional instability, stubbornness and irritability, try to be brave, and lack understanding of the dangers of drug abuse, and are more likely to be driven into the drug abuse industry by incentives.
(3) Self-employed
With the development of reform and opening up, some self-employed people have become rich. They have money, food, drink and play, but they lack some excitement. Besides, although they are rich, they also have a lot of troubles and pains. In order to pursue excitement and eliminate troubles, they go to the abyss of poison. Some relatives of self-employed individuals have been in an environment of drug abuse for a long time, and they will also participate in drug abuse if they are not infected well. It is worth noting that in order to make huge profits, some drug dealers pursue these "rich old people" and use various tricks to trick these "money bosses" into taking drugs, which is one of the reasons why self-employed people take drugs more.
(4) Some professionals
Generally speaking, the proportion of professionals taking drugs is not high, and it is difficult for them to pay for expensive drugs because of their actual income. However, in some special occupations, such as car drivers, buyers, etc., there are many people who often contact the outside world, and they are more likely to come into contact with drugs. Moreover, because they leave their families and units and lack constraints, they will be infected whenever they have the opportunity. The easy-to-dye environment is as follows:
Make bad friends
(2) The family is rich
(3) In areas where drugs are rampant.
Third, the harm of drug abuse.
Drug abuse affects the creation and accumulation of social and economic wealth. According to the latest figures released by the United Nations Narcotics Control Board, there are more than 50 million drug addicts in the world. Hundreds of thousands of drug addicts die of drugs every year. The global drug trade volume is about $800-10 billion, and countries with serious drug abuse problems have to allocate huge funds for the prevention and treatment of drug abuse and related problems; At the same time, due to long-term drug abuse, the working ability of drug addicts is reduced, or the labor force is completely lost, which affects the creation of social wealth and brings huge economic losses to the country and society.
Drug abuse and crime are twin brothers. Drug abuse has led to an increase in social crimes. On the one hand, drug addicts cannot get rid of the torture of drug addiction. In order to satisfy drug addiction, they take risks and engage in criminal activities such as theft, corruption, prostitution and even murder. On the other hand, the crazy revenge, intimidation, assassination and other activities of drug traffickers seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property and disrupt social order.
Drug abuse harms my health, causing public health problems such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, the most serious of which is the infection and spread of AIDS. AIDS is one of the most malignant diseases that endanger human health at present, and it is called "super cancer". Its pathogen is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). People infected with HIV will develop AIDS after a period of incubation. Aids patients usually die of serious infection or malignant tumor caused by severe immune function impairment, and the mortality rate is high. According to the survey, the main mode of HIV infection in China is drug abuse (intravenous injection) to spread the epidemic. The person in charge of Yunnan AIDS Monitoring Center pointed out: "At present, the infection rate of intravenous drug users among overseas drug users is 23%, while the infection rate of AIDS among drug users in the hardest-hit border areas in China is as high as 68% ..." For example, 1989, a local epidemic of AIDS in Dehong, Yunnan Province, is a typical example. 146 drug users were infected with HIV by injecting drugs with contaminated needles.
Fourth, the characteristics of drug addiction
According to Article 8 of the Decision on Drug Control, drug abuse is generally divided into two types: drug abuse and addiction. As long as the actor's behavior has the following three characteristics, it can be identified as drug abuse. Drug addiction generally has three main characteristics: 1. Drug resistance. That is to say, the effect of the same drug decreases after continuous use, and it is necessary to increase the dose to obtain the same or similar effect as before; 2. Physical dependence. That is to say, the physiological changes caused by taking a certain drug for a certain period of time need to continue taking this drug to maintain the physical requirements. 3。 Psychological dependence. In other words, it is generally a habit for someone to need some medicine mentally. From the actual situation, the symptoms of all drug addicts are generally weak, sallow, listless and listless. Once the drug addiction attacks, some people cry and talk, stamping their chests: some people can't stand up and cough up blood; Some collide and eat the soil on the wall; Some rolled around and cried. All kinds of ugliness, to name a few. Although drug addicts take drugs, they do not become addicted and cannot be identified as drug addicts. Only by having these two points at the same time can we deal with the perpetrator in accordance with the provisions of drug addiction.
5. Brief introduction of methadone substitution reduction method for drug rehabilitation
Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic with pharmacological effects similar to morphine. Can control the withdrawal symptoms of opioid drugs. It is completely absorbed after oral administration, and 85% of it is combined with plasma protein, mainly distributed in lung, kidney and spleen. Its bioavailability is 90%. After gastrointestinal administration for 3 hours, the peak plasma concentration can be maintained for 2-6 hours, and the half-life is 15 hours. It can effectively inhibit symptoms for 24-32 hours after oral administration. The therapeutic blood concentration of methadone is 0.48-0.86 mg/L, the toxic blood concentration is 2 mg/L, and the dead blood concentration is 4 mg/L.. Methadone is mainly metabolized by the liver and excreted by urine and feces. Methadone substitution decreasing method is suitable for detoxification treatment of various China opioids, especially for heroin addicts and morphine, demerol and dihydroetorphine addicts. Its medication principle is: single medication, daily reduction first fast and then slow, only reduction without adding, drug withdrawal should be decisive.
Sixth, the analysis of the causes of recurrence.
(A) acute detoxification treatment is not thorough
Some patients were discharged after several days of acute detoxification treatment, but they were not completely detoxified; Some are treated at home, the methods are not standardized and lack of strict control, which leads to ineffective treatment. This is naturally easy to relapse.
(2) Mental dependence
The patient was addicted to drugs all day, but he was able to restrain himself at first. If they are in a favorable environment, coupled with strong perseverance, they will continue to restrain themselves. After a long time, their drug addiction will gradually fade away and finally disappear, which is the complete detoxification. If you are in an unfavorable environment, or your perseverance is not strong enough to resist the temptation of drugs, you will become an addict again.
(C) the pressure of old friends and the influence of the old environment
After acute detoxification, patients return to their old friends or drug dealers and are tempted or pressured by them: when they see the drug tools they have used, the place where they take drugs will become a hint, which will make them feel touched by the scene, stimulate patients to think of drugs and the pleasure they get from drugs, thus forcing them to take drugs again.
Mental stimulation
After drug treatment, patients, like ordinary people, will still suffer from various setbacks and blows, as well as other mental stimuli: family problems, work problems, economic problems and so on. Because of their poor stability, these things are more likely to cause emotional instability, upset, pessimism, depression and lack of self-confidence. Under such circumstances, repeated drug use is also very likely.
(E) Misunderstanding
Some lame people think like this after they quit addiction: "It's been a long time since I quit addiction. After smoking again, I will make up my mind to say goodbye to drugs. Just this once, you won't be addicted as soon as you get rid of it. I will completely control myself from smoking. " As a result, I smoked once, and I made up my mind to smoke again and again, and so on and so on.