First, direct lyric and indirect lyric.
Direct lyric, that is, direct expression of one's feelings, is also called direct expression of one's mind. Expressing feelings implicitly through the narration and description of certain scenery and an event is indirect lyricism. China's classical poems pay attention to implicit beauty, so they often adopt indirect lyricism. For example, Meng Haoran's "Climbing Yanshan with Friends":
When things change, time is often the time to form ancient and modern times. Now we can climb the mountain to visit the historical sites preserved all over the country.
Weir water shows the river surface, and Yunmengze is cold and mysterious. The monument to Yang Hucheng is still towering, and tears are wet after reading the epitaph.
In this poem, the author pays tribute to yang hu by climbing the immortal mountain, expressing his own depression and indignation. The poet has been unhappy since he entered Beijing to seek an official position. When he climbed the fairy mountain, he thought of yang hu's state of mind, yang hu's saying that "many people who climbed this mountain were annihilated", and he thought of his own situation-he had empty ambitions but could not display them. "Completely annihilated" is a portrayal of his own experience. He felt sad and could not help but burst into tears. The whole poem expresses its feelings through the ancient times, and there are deep feelings hidden in the seemingly dull description.
Second, the front description, side description
A direct and positive description of the object of description is a positive description; Describing the things around the object makes the object more distinct and prominent, which is profile description. The front and side descriptions of Qin Luofu in Shang Mo sung by Han Yuefu are typical.
There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt.
When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he straightened his shoulders and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head.
The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu.
The first four songs are positive descriptions, and the last eight songs are side descriptions. The first four sentences exaggerate the beauty of Luo Fu's clothes to set off the nobility and beauty of the characters. As for Luo Fu, how beautiful is it? It's hard to describe. So the author's writing went on, not directly about Luo Fu himself, but about people who were attracted by Luo Fu. Clever profiles leave readers with unlimited imagination.
Third, comparison and prosperity.
"Comparison" is to compare one thing with another, and its function is to describe those unusual things with specific common things, so that readers can understand them easily; Can highlight the characteristics of a certain aspect of things, so that its image is distinct. For example, Qin Taoyu's Poor Girl:
I live under a thatched cottage, I haven't worn incense, and I want to hire a good media to hurt myself. Who would know that her simple face is the cutest? * * * Poor people dress frugally in this era.
Her finger embroidery is unparalleled, but she can't compete with painting eyebrows. Year after year, she sewed gold thread for other girls in the bridal gown.
Poetry is about the confession of a "poor girl". She opens her heart, laments herself and is self-sufficient, which makes readers sympathize with her experience and admire her personality. In fact, the author worked in the shogunate for a long time because he was a poor scholar. This article "language is all hurt by poor women, but it is actually written for those poor and inexperienced people." In other words, the image of a "poor girl" is full of the anguish and sorrow of a poor scholar who was born in poverty and was not recommended by anyone, as well as the loneliness and high sentiment of inner beauty and self-cultivation. "Xing" means "say something else first to arouse the words to be sung". "Bi" and "Xing" are often associated and used in a poem. For example, Dai Shulun's San Lv Temple.